Office of Graefenhainichen

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the Kurkreis after Schreiber with the office of Graefenhainichen

The Graefenhainichen office was an administrative unit in the Kurkreis of the Electorate of Saxony, which was converted into a kingdom in 1806 .

Until it was ceded to Prussia in 1815, as a Saxon office it formed the spatial reference point for the collection of sovereign taxes and compulsory services , for the police , jurisdiction and military service .

Geographical expansion

The Graefenhainichen office was in the southwest of the spa district. It was between Bitterfeld in the southwest and Wittenberg in the northeast. The official area was framed by the Elbe in the north and the Mulde in the south and west, but without touching them. The Saxon office of Graefenhainichen encompassed an area that is now divided between the districts of Anhalt-Bitterfeld and Wittenberg in the state of Saxony-Anhalt .

Adjacent administrative units

Principality of Anhalt
Office Bitterfeld Neighboring communities District Office Wittenberg
Office Bitterfeld

history

The Office Graefenhainichen went out by colonization activities of Count von Anhalt created in the 13th century castle district Gräfenhainichen forth. Until the 16th century, the administration of the castle was linked to that of the office. Only then did the administration of the office separate from that of the castle or manor.

Since the house of the Hayn was in the 14th century in the border area between Anhalt and the Margraviate of Meißen , ownership was unclear at that time. In various documents, the princes of Anhalt on the one hand and the margraves of Meissen on the other hand were named as owners. Count Johann von Anhalt , who pledged the castle and the city to the brothers Otto and Otto von Eilenburg as well as Botho von Eilenburg, Gebhardt von Querfurt and Otto Kämmerer, the Lord zu Gruna in 1377 , was the last hitchhiker to appear as owners. In 1397, Duke Rudolf III acquired von Sachsen-Wittenberg , in the event of the heirless death of Margrave Wilhelm I of Meißen , entitlement to the castle and town of Graefenhainichen . But since the contract was terminated in 1400, the electoral princes of Saxony-Wittenberg did not succeed in taking possession of Graefenhainichen when Naumburg was partitioned . So it remained in the possession of the Margraves of Meissen.

The margraves pledged the office several times. It was pledged to Friedrich Liste on April 7, 1435. On November 30, 1446, Elector Frederick II the Meek again pledged to his councilor Henning Strobart, slos and instead of Greffinhainichen, for 2,000 good Rhenish guilders, with the reservation that it should be withdrawn at all costs. Later, on March 27, 1454, Friedrich pledged the castle, town and office of Graefenhainichen, which was explicitly mentioned for the first time, to the brothers Albrecht, Balthasar and Siegmund von Heynitz for 1,100 guilders. Apparently Henning Strobart died soon after, because on February 2nd, 1457 Friedrich pledged everything again and the heirs of Strobart waived all claims on Graefenhainichen. The son of Frederick the Meek, Elector Ernst of Saxony , bought back the office, the castle and the city for 1909 guilders on December 4, 1465. But already on March 14th, together with his brother Albrecht , he pledged the office, town and castle to the councilor Heinrich Löser, Landvoigt zu Sachsen. What all these pledges had in common was that they were redeemed again and again by the sovereign soon afterwards.

In 1483, with the division of Leipzig , which was contractually determined on August 26, 1486 , the office came to the Saxon Ernestine Line .

With the Wittenberg surrender in 1547, the office of Ernestine Saxony finally passed to Albertine Saxony . Until then, the office and manor Gräfenhainichen belonged together and were administered together.

It was not until 1554, when the castle was leased to the bailiff Heinrich von Gleißenthal, that the office and the manor separated. After the separation of the castle with goods and the office, in view of the general economic boom up to the 18th century, the office was apparently no longer pledged.

When the city was destroyed on April 11, 1637, the official residence, which was only rebuilt in 1653, was destroyed. During this time, official activity is likely to have largely come to a standstill.

It was not until the beginning of the 18th century that the office was pledged again, because between 1702 and 1714 it was pledged to Princess Henriette Catharine zu Anhalt-Dessau , née Princess of Orange , for the sum of 35,000 or 40,000 thalers . 1778–1782 and from 1789 the rent office was leased together with the Strohwalde chamber property until 1819. From 1784 onwards, only the administration of the Graefenhainichen justice office was carried out by the state. The judicial office probably had more extensive powers than usual, while the leased rent office was only responsible for the administration of official properties.

The office remained with the Electorate / Kingdom of Saxony until the Congress of Vienna in 1815, when it was awarded to Prussia . The office was still closed until around 1821, before it was dissolved and the functions of the judicial office were taken over by the district office of Bitterfeld and the district court of Graefenhainichen, as well as the functions of the rent office by the leased domain rent office of Graefenhainichen.

Associated places

Cities
Villages

The village of Gremmin , the Mark stone pit and part of the townspeople Mark fell victim to the Golpa-Nord opencast mine in 1981 . The Mark Nichrim and part of the Mark Dornewitz also fell victim to another opencast mine.

Manors
Vorwerk
  • Vorwerk Niebicke
Desolation
  • Breitewitz
  • Deetz (Teetz)
  • Dornewitz
  • Great Gadewitz
  • Large coarser
  • Klein Gadewitz
  • Small digging
  • Müchau
  • Niebicke
  • Nichrim
  • Stone pit
  • Townspeople
  • Zschornewitz mark

Officials

The officials of Graefenhainichen up to the 16th century were probably confidants of the sovereign who were then pawned and sold the office with castle and town. When the office organization started fully emerge in the 16th century, even the middle-class was probably, as with other offices Office Schösser to relieve the bailiff added. He was mainly responsible for the general administration of the office. In the course of the 16th century, the old noble bailiff, who was now referred to as the governor, lost most of his work. Instead, he was now responsible for overseeing mostly several offices and representative tasks. A clerk was assigned to the official bureaucrat, who was now also referred to as an official. At the end of the 18th century, the clerk was called the office pension administrator and, after the differentiation into the rent and justice office, was called the rent clerk, while the bailiff was called the judicial clerk. In the 19th century, the office physics were added as the office's physicians.

As the lowest administrative authority in the Kingdom of Saxony, the office was primarily responsible for internal administration and tax administration in the 16th century. But it also had tasks for the sovereign church regiment to perform. In the 18th century it was also under the judicial magistrate criminal jurisdiction over the subjects of writing Assen and full jurisdiction over the office Sassen .

Since the offices had the administration of income and church affairs as their task, the higher authorities were the Secret Chamber College (from 1782 the Secret Finance College) in Dresden and the Consistory in Wittenberg .

Personnel

In the course of time, the official staff was composed as follows (the year numbers indicate the period of mention):

Governors

  • Albrecht Christian von Kromsdorf († 1684)
  • 1655 Rudolph von Bünau ,
  • 1671 Christian Ernst Kanne ,
  • 1703 Georg Heinrich von Carlowiz,
  • 1710–1722 Johann George von Wichmannshausen,
  • 1729 Johann Jacob Janzen,
  • 1780 Carl Ernst von Lochau,
  • 1780–1806 Carl Friedrich von Trosky,
  • 1809–1813 Friedrich Wilhelm Curt von Leipziger.

Officials (from 1778 judicial officers)

  • 1592–1500 Dietrich Spiegel ,
  • 1611–1638 Christian Boner,
  • 1641–1645 Philipp Kemberg,
  • 1654–1671 Tobias Böhme,
  • 1683 Andreas Goldbuch,
  • 1687–1688 Paul Ulrici,
  • 1690 Christoph Gleichmann,
  • 1693 Christian Friedrich Gauß,
  • 1695 Paul Keßler,
  • 1696–1699 Johann Justin Seidemann,
  • 1704–1715 Gabriel Gau,
  • 1721–1751 Johann Ernst at the end,
  • 1752–1778 Johann Wilhelm Otto (1750–1752 Public Actuary),
  • 1783–1785 Siegismund Leberecht Lange,
  • 1787–1796 Gottfried Conrad ax,
  • 1797–1810 Christian Friedrich Laurich,
  • 1812–1813 August Benjamin Rabenstein.

Office clerk (in the 19th century also office administrator and office pension administrator)

  • 1692–1701 Christian Friedrich Hausen,
  • 1703–1706 Christian Jauch,
  • 1710–1716 Jeremie August Stechen,
  • 1722 Johann Friedrich Lucius,
  • 1778 Rudolph Wilhelm Kaufmann,
  • 1779–1780 Friedrich Gaudich,
  • 1781–1784 Carl Gottlieb Böse,
  • 1787–1789 Johann Friedrich Probst,
  • 1793 Carl August Mayer.

Office physics

  • 1806–1807 Lic. Johann Samuel Traugott Frenzel,
  • 1811–1813 Dr. George Benjamin Schweickert.

Rent tenant

  • 1789–1792 Johann Friedrich Probst,
  • 1793–1804 Johann Christian Krug,
  • (1799–1804) 1805–1819 Friedrich Gottlob Heyner (Hayner, Heynert).

literature

Web links

See also: Graefenhainichen district