Baruth rulership

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The Baruth rule (also: Standesherrschaft Baruth ) was a territorial administrative unit of the Electorate of Saxony, which was converted into a kingdom in 1806 . Until it was assigned to Prussia in 1815, it was under the higher court of the Kurkreis .

Within the Electorate of Saxony it was raised as a free class rule and ranked higher than the manors .

Geographical location

The area of ​​the Baruth estate was in the Baruther glacial valley and was traversed by the Hammerfließ . The town of Baruth / Mark with its castle is located on the highway from Berlin via Wünsdorf , Golßen , Lübbenau to Dresden . The area of ​​the former civil rule of Baruth is today in the Brandenburg district of Teltow-Fläming .

Adjacent administrative units

Mark Brandenburg , later to Prussia Markgraftum Niederlausitz ( knighthood Luckau ) (exclave Zesch) Mark Brandenburg , later to Prussia
Luckenwaldescher Kreis (to the Duchy of Magdeburg , later: Prussia ) Neighboring communities Mark Brandenburg , later to Prussia
Office close (exclave) Principality of Querfurt ( Amt Dahme ) Markgraftum Niederlausitz ( Knighthood Luckau )

history

Ascan dukes of Saxony-Wittenberg

The area around Baruth / Mark was populated by Wends until the 12th century . Around 1147 a knight from the von Schlieben family conquered the region. The city of Baruth / Mark was first mentioned in a document in 1234. The Lords of Schlieben took the rule of Baruth as a fief from the Ascanian dukes of Saxony-Wittenberg .

Electorate of Saxony

After the dukes of Saxony-Wittenberg died out , the feudal lordship over Baruth passed to the Wettins in 1423 . After the division of Leipzig in 1485, the rule belonged to the Ernestine line of the Wettins. Since the defeat of the Ernestines in the Schmalkaldic War in 1547 ( Wittenberg surrender ), it was owned by the Albertines . In the 15th century, the rule came under direct sovereign administration. The Baruth estate was sold in 1582 from the von Schlieben to the captain of the Brandenburg district of Trebbin , Hans von Buch.

House of Solms under the rule of the Electorate of Saxony

Baruth Castle around 1860, Alexander Duncker collection

In 1596, Imperial Count Otto zu Solms-Laubach (1550-1612), owner of the Sonnewalde estate and the Pouch manor (near Bitterfeld ) since 1537 , bought the Baruth estate from the Trebbin governor Hans von Buch. Electoral Saxony then entrusted Count Otto zu Solms-Laubach with the rule of Baruth and the estates Mahlsdorf and Zesch, which belonged to the Margraviate of Niederlausitz ( knighthood of Luckau ). The Baruth lordship gave its owners a seat on the bench of the counts, prelates and lords of the great parliaments in Dresden .

After the split of the Counts of Solms-Laubach, who resided in Baruth, in 1615, the class was given the independent name Solms-Baruth , after the town of Baruth / Mark, which received Magdeburg city charter shortly before the start of the Thirty Years' War in 1616 . Baruth Castle was built after 1671.

The electoral Saxon judicial magistrate in Schlieben and his colleague, the Executor, were in court and administrative matters to a limited extent for the Standesherrschaft Baruth and lehnsrechtlich to the adjacent Margravate Niederlausitz belonging Standesherrschaft Sonnenwalde of the Counts of Solms responsible.

House of Solms under Prussian rule

As a result of the defeat of the Kingdom of Saxony , the Congress of Vienna in 1815 decided to assign territories to the Kingdom of Prussia . a. concerned the entire Kurkreis with its offices and lords. The Standesherrschaft Baruth was the newly formed district Jüterbog-Luckenwalde in the administrative district of Potsdam the Prussian province of Brandenburg assigned. The Prussian representative at the Congress of Vienna was Prince Karl August von Hardenberg and his assistant was Count zu Solms-Sonnewalde . The possession of the Baruth estate granted the House of Solms a virile vote on the Herrenbank of the provincial parishes of the Kurmark Brandenburg and Niederlausitz as well as a hereditary seat in the Prussian manor house . The Baruth rulership remained in the possession of the princely family of Solms-Baruth until it was expropriated without compensation in 1946 .

Associated places

The Baruth estate comprised fourteen villages and around 15,000 hectares of land used for agriculture and forestry.

Cities
Villages
Vorwerke

Nine outbuildings belonged to the rule.

Other property

The rulers also owned a glassworks and several scattered establishments and mills.

Noblemen

  • Otto, Count of Solms-Sonnewalde (1596–1612)
  • Friedrich Albert, Count of Solms-Sonnewalde (1612–1615)
  • Johann Georg II. (1615–1632), Count of Solms-Baruth in Wildenfels
  • Johann Georg III. (1632–1690), Count of Solms-Baruth
  • Friedrich Sigismund I (1632–1696)
  • Friedrich Sigismund II. (1696–1737)
  • Friedrich Gottlob Heinrich (1737–1787)
  • Friedrich Carl Leopold (1787–1801)
  • Friedrich Heinrich Ludwig (1801–1879)
  • Friedrich I (1879–1904), Prince of Solms-Baruth 1888
  • Friedrich II. (1904–1920), politician, chamberlain and member of the Prussian manor house.
  • Friedrich III. (1920–1945), resistance fighter of July 20, 1944

Others

Today's most interesting sight from the history of Solms-Baruther is the Baruther Glashütte museum village . The place Glashütte was founded in 1716 as a glassmaking settlement and has remained almost untouched to this day. The entire Glashütte district has been a listed building since 1983. A tradition was continued here - a glassworks near Baruth was first mentioned in a document from the Dobrilugk (Doberlug) monastery in 1234.

literature

Web links