Angrivarians

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The tribal duchy of Saxony around the year 1000, Engern in the middle

The Angrivarians (also Angrevarier, Angarier, Engern , Latin : Angrivarii , Angarii , Greek  Αγγριουάριοι ) were a Germanic people who lived on the middle Weser , mainly on the right bank between Steinhuder Meer and the tributary of the Aller , and to the north of the Chauken (on the lower Weser) and Dulgubnier (in today's Lüneburg Heath), bordered on the Cherusci to the south , on the Ampsivarians to the west and on the east of the Eastern Falcons , which had only been occupied since the Saxon Wars .

History of the Angrivarians

When Germanicus advanced against the Cherusci in 16 AD ( Germanicus campaigns ), according to Tacitus the Angrivarians are said to have caused an uprising behind him, which Stertinius soon put to rest. Since the location is transmitted only in a text witnesses and Germanicus really just the EMS had crossed and the Weser marching and the settlement area of Angrivarii, historians have Angrivarii in ampsivarii emended . However, this emendation is not undisputed. In the further course of the campaign, after the Battle of Idistaviso on the Weser, the Angrivarians faced the Romans together with the Cheruscans in the Battle of the Angrivarian Wall .

After the dissolution of the Federal Cheruscan they expanded their borders southward and snatched under Emperor Nerva with the Chamavi the Brukterern the area north of the lip and at the source of the Ems . Later they spread further south and west, joined the Saxon League under the name of the Angrivarians or Engern, which was also transferred to the land (Angaria, Engern), and formed its central part.

Widukind von Corvey reports that the Saxon tribe was divided into three large sub-tribes, namely the Westphalia, the East Saxony (Ostfalen) and the Engern. This tripartite division is confirmed by the fact that in the Saxon Wars , after the Reichsannals, the sub-tribes made separate agreements under their respective military leaders. In the year 775, the Engern in the Bückeburg area and their leader Bruno submitted to Charlemagne after a defeat and accepted Christianity .

The Engern landscape

From the settlement area of the Angrivarii (German Engern) formed in the Middle Ages , the province Angaria (German: Engern), one of the three major provinces in the Duchy of Saxony , between Westphalia and Ostfalen .

The province of Engern was the central part of the duchy on both sides of the Weser . The province lay between Westphalia in the west and bordered east with Ostfalen. It comprised roughly the entire catchment area of ​​the Weser from the union of Werra and Fulda , minus Aller and Leine (above their confluence) in the east. In the north west the Hunte was the border river.

Duchy of Engern

TABULA ANGARIAE IN DIOECESI PATERBORNENSI ,
map by Christian Ulrich Grupen , 1740

In 1180, the Duchy of Saxony was divided at the Gelnhausen Reichstag: The Diocese of Paderborn and those parts that were in the area of ​​the Archdiocese of Cologne were combined into a new Duchy and were initially subject to the Archdiocese of Cologne. The other part came as the Duchy of Westphalia and Engern to the Ascanian Bernhard III. The reason for the division was the declaration of eighth against Henry the Lion .

The designation "Engern" was used until 1806 in the title of the ruler of the younger Duchy of Saxony ("Duke of Saxony, Engern and Westphalia"), see History of Saxony . With the takeover of Westphalia in 1815, the title "Westphalia and Engern" came to the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm III.

The "Gau Engern", which was in the Saxon province of Westphalia, is historically connected to the province, but not identical with it.

The name Engern , as the name of the central part of the Duchy of Saxony, only survived into the late Middle Ages. The name of the town of Enger could also be connected to it, although there are some arguments against this assumption.

coat of arms

Duchy of Engern

In the silver field, the shield shows three red sea ​​leaves , two and one set .

In the Middle Ages, a coat of arms was subsequently devised to prove the descendants and thus a claim to legitimacy on Engern. So it is found u. a. in the large coat of arms of the Kingdom of Prussia , the Electorate of Saxony and the Duchy of Anhalt as well as various Saxon duchies. The remaining duchy of Saxony-Wittenberg led it and derived from it the county of Brehna . It can also be found in several municipal coats of arms in the region between the Wiehengebirge and Teutoburg Forest, such as B. wages and the county and city of Tecklenburg .

Country Engern

The country of Engern in the 17-country model according to Rutz

In his 17-country model in 1995 , the geographer Werner Rutz proposed the establishment of a country called Engern , which should mainly consist of East Westphalia-Lippe and the neighboring Lower Saxony communities to the east , i.e. roughly correspond to the southern part of historical Engern.

See also

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c Meyers Konversations-Lexikon, 4th edition, Volume 1, Verlag des Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig / Vienna 1888, p. 582
  2. ↑ Tac. ann. II, 8.
  3. ^ Wilhelm Pfitzner: The annals critically illuminated , I Halle 1869.
    Karl Nipperdey: P. Cornelius Tacitus explains by Karl Nipperdey. First volume. From Excessu divi Augusti I – VI. Berlin 1915.
    Karl Ernst Georges: Comprehensive concise Latin dictionary. II, Berlin 1913.
  4. ↑ Tac. ann. II, 19th
  5. ↑ Werner Besch (Hrsg.): Sprachgeschichte - a handbook on the history of the German language and its research. Verlag Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2000, ISBN 3-11-015882-5 .
  6. ^ Meyers Konversations-Lexikon, 4th edition, Volume 5, Verlag des Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig / Vienna 1888, p. 628
  7. ^ Leopold von Ledebur: General Archive for the History of the Prussian State , Volume 13, Verlag Mittler, Berlin-Posen-Bromberg 1834, p. 248
  8. ↑ Wilhelm Weitz: From the Saxon people's leader Widukind and the cult site Enger , published by Stadt Enger in Westphalia, Enger, Bielefeld 1938
  9. ↑ Werner Rutz: The division of the Federal Republic into Länder: a new overall concept for the territorial status after 1990. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, Baden-Baden 1995, pp. 82–95.