Anton Reicha

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Anton Reicha (1825)

Anton Reicha (also: Antonín , Antoine-Joseph Reicha or Rejcha, see below) (* February 26, 1770 in Prague , † May 28, 1836 in Paris ) was a Bohemian composer , music teacher and flautist who had his major artistic successes in Paris celebrated.

Surname

The birth / baptismal certificate of the Tyn Church in Prague, written in Latin , lists the name Antonius Josephus Reicha . Reicha called himself Anton Reicha in Vienna and his official name in Paris was Antoine-Joseph Reicha (see death certificate).

Life

Reicha's father was a town piper in Prague, but died ten months after the birth of his son. Anton Reicha's uncle, the cellist and conductor of the Oettingen-Wallersteiner Hofkapelle Joseph Reicha , adopted him at the age of ten, took him into his house in Wallerstein in 1781 and taught him violin, flute, piano and musical composition himself.

In 1785 he moved to Bonn together with his uncle, who was the conductor of the electoral court orchestra . In this orchestra Anton Reicha played as the second flutist. During this time he met Ludwig van Beethoven , who played the viola in the same orchestra . The two had a long lasting friendship.

After the Bonn court orchestra was dissolved in 1794 (at the time of the French occupation of the Rhineland), Reicha went to Hamburg as a music teacher . From 1802 to 1808 he lived in Vienna and had considerable success as a composer of occasional music. At the same time, he published his 36 fugues op. 36, dedicated to Joseph Haydn , for the first time . Here he took lessons from Johann Georg Albrechtsberger and Antonio Salieri . In 1808 he moved to Paris, where he gained a great reputation as a composer for wind instruments . He had been teaching at the Paris Conservatory since 1809 , and in 1818 he became Professor of Composition there as the successor to Étienne-Nicolas Méhul . In 1831 he was awarded the Legion of Honor.

His students include Hector Berlioz , Franz Liszt , Charles Gounod , Louise Farrenc , George Onslow , César Franck , Friedrich von Flotow and Justus Amadeus Lecerf .

Reicha's grave in the Pere Lachaise cemetery in Paris

With his composition for the wind band Musique pour célébrer la Mémoire des Grands Hommes et des Grands Événements de la République Française , also under the equally unwieldy title Musique [funèbre] pour celebrer la memoire des grands hommes, qui se sont illustrés au service de la Nation française , Reicha continues the good tradition of wind orchestra symphonies, such as those composed by François-Joseph Gossec , Louis Emmanuel Jadin and Hyacinthe Jadin . She prepares Hector Berlioz 's Symphonie Funèbre et Triomphale , op.15, (1840). Before the performance, Reicha gave extensive, detailed instructions to the musicians.

Reicha remains best known to this day for his more than 20 wind quintets, some of which are very virtuoso . His writings on composition were very influential and have been translated into several languages.

Works

Fonts

  • Cours de composition musicale ou traité complet et raisonné d'harmonie pratique , Paris 1816, Gambaro
  • Traité de mélodie , Paris 1814, self-published
  • Traité de haute composition musicale I / II , Paris 1824, Costallat

These three French-German fonts as:

  • Composition theory , translated by Carl Czerny . Diabelli, Vienna 1832
    • Vol. 1 = Part 1-3. Treatise on Practical Harmony. Internet Archive
    • Vol. 2 = Part 4. Treatise on Melody. Internet Archive
    • Vol. 3 = Part 5-7. Treatise of the higher musical composition or of the counterpoint, the imitations and the canons. Internet Archive
    • Vol. 4 = Part 8-10. Treatise on the fugue, and on the art of using or developing one's ideas. Internet Archive
  • Art du Compositeur Dramatique, ou cours complet de composition vocale , Paris 1833, Costallat. German: The art of dramatic composition or complete textbook of vocal composition , translated and annotated by Carl Czerny, Vienna o. J. [1839], A. Diabelli

Works for orchestra

  • 1808 Symphony No. 3 in F
  • 1799–1800 Symphony for large orchestra in E-flat ("First Symphony"), op. 41 (scoring: 2.2.0.2 2.2.0.0 strings and timpani)
  • 1803 (Leipzig) Symphony for large orchestra in E flat, op.42 (scoring: 2.2.2.2 2.0.0.0 strings and timpani)
  • 1803 Concerto for violoncello and orchestra
  • 1815 clarinet concerto in g
  • 1824 Overture for orchestra in D
  • Sinfonia concertante for flute, violin and orchestra in G
  • Symphony in c

Works for wind orchestra

  • 1835 "Musique pour célébrer la mémoire des grands hommes et des grands événements de la Republique française" for 3 small flutes, 6 oboes, 6 clarinets, 6 bassoons, 6 horns, 6 trumpets, 3 double basses, 6 drums and 4 small field cannons.

Sacred music and masses

  • 1808 Missa pro defunctis for soprano, alto, tenor, bass, choir and orchestra
  • 1825 Te Deum

Chamber music

  • 1795 Quartet in D major for four transverse flutes, op.12
  • 1796–1798 Variations for 2 flutes, op.20
  • 1796–1798 3 romances for 2 flutes, op. 21
  • 1796–1798 Trio for 3 flutes in D, op. 26
  • 1807 quintet for violoncello and string quartet in E
  • 1815 24 trios for 3 horns, op.82
  • 1816–1820 12 trios for 2 horns and violoncello, op. 93
  • 1817 Octet for oboes, clarinet, horn, bassoon, 2 violins, viola, violoncello and double bass (ad lib.), Op.96
  • 1817 Andante for cor anglais and wind quartet No. 1 in Eb
  • 1817–1819 Andante for cor anglais and wind quartet No. 2 in F
  • 1819 Adagio for cor anglais and wind quartet
  • 1820 Quintet for clarinet and string quartet in B flat, op.89
  • 1821–1826 Quintet for oboe or clarinet and string quartet in F, op. 107
  • 1824 6 piano trios op.101
  • 1824–1826 Quintet for flute and string quartet in A, op. 105
  • 1824–1826 Quintet for horn and string quartet in E (double bass ad lib.), Op. 106
  • 6 quintets for wind quintet, op.88
  • 6 quintets for wind quintet, op.91
  • 6 quintets for wind quintet, op.99
  • 6 quintets for wind quintet, op.100
  • String quartets op.48 (C, G, E-flat)

literature

Web links

Wikisource: Anton Reicha  - Sources and full texts
Commons : Anton Reicha  - collection of images, videos and audio files


personal data
SURNAME Reicha, Anton
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Reicha, Antonín; Reicha, Antoine; Rejcha, Antonín
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Bohemian composer, music teacher and flautist
DATE OF BIRTH February 26, 1770
PLACE OF BIRTH Prague
DATE OF DEATH May 28, 1836
Place of death Paris