Antonina Feodorovna Prichotko

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Antonina Fedorovna Prichotko ( Russian Антонина Фёдоровна Прихотько * April 13 . Jul / 26. April  1906 greg. In Pyatigorsk Russian Empire ; † 29. September 1995 in Kiev , Ukraine ) was a Soviet physicist .

Life

After attending middle school, Prichotko began studying at the Leningrad Polytechnic Institute, named after Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin , in the Faculty of Physics and Technology . While still a student in the third year course, she began to work scientifically with Ivan Vasilyevich Obreimov at the Leningrad Physics-Technical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (AN-SSSR, since 1991 Russian Academy of Sciences (RAN)). She completed her studies in 1929 and became a research assistant at the Leningrad Physics-Technical Institute.

In 1930 Prichotko went with a group of young scientists to Kharkov in the new Kharkov Physics-Technical Institute headed by Obreimov. There, under Obreimov's direction, she continued the investigation of the absorption spectra of deep-frozen molecular crystals . The absorption spectra of naphthalene , anthracene and phenanthrene at the boiling point of liquid hydrogen with polarized light and compared with the spectra of free molecules were examined. From 1935 she studied the absorption spectra of oxygen crystals , oxygen mixed crystals with nitrogen and argon , and halogens . She developed the methods for growing ultra-fine crystals of organic compounds for low-temperature studies. This work was interrupted by the German-Soviet war and the evacuation of the Kharkov Physical-Technical Institute from Kharkov. During the war Prichotko worked in Ufa for the armaments industry . In 1943 she successfully defended her doctoral thesis .

After the war Prichotko built in Kiev in physics -Institut of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic , the spectroscopy -Laboratorium on which was the most important international center for low-temperature spectroscopy of non-metallic crystals. One of her first work was the investigation of ultra-fine naphthalene single crystals (10 −6 to 10 −8 m ) at temperatures of liquid hydrogen. In 1948 she was elected a Corresponding Member and in 1964 a full member of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic.

With her research, Prichotko created the experimental basis for Alexander Sergejewitsch Davydov's theory of exciton states in molecular crystals. Together with Dawydow she discovered the special effects of electromagnetic excitations in these molecular spectra. Together with Wladimir Lwowitsch Broude , she investigated the absorption spectra of a homologous series of benzene compounds . The polymorphic transformations discovered in the process enabled her to gain a deeper understanding of the effects of lattice structure modifications on the absorption spectra. Together with Broude, Emmanuil Iossifowitsch Raschba and Marat Terentjewitsch Schpak she investigated the effects of impurities and lattice defects on exciton luminescence . Together with Michail Semjonowitsch Brodin , she developed methods for the quantitative precision measurement of the light absorption and dispersion of the molecular crystals. Together with Marat Samuilowitsch Soskin , she carried out measurements for the first time to determine the shape of the absorption bands at low temperatures , which opened up new working possibilities for crystal optics with absorbing media. Under her leadership, when measuring the absorption spectrum of α-O 2 in strong magnetic fields at temperatures close to 1 K, apart from exciton states, bi-exciton processes of the exciton- magnon interaction were also observed. This work is of fundamental importance for the spectroscopy of antiferromagnetics . Viktor Valentinovich Yeryomenko was one of her students . For their works were under their direction, Physics Institute metal - Cryostats developed that the previous glass replaced -Kryostate.

Honors, prizes

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c М. Т. Шпак, М. В. Курик: АНТОНИНА ФЕДОРОВНА ПРИХОТЬКО (К семидесятилетию со дня рождения) . In: УСПЕХИ ФИЗИЧЕСКИХ HA УК . tape 119 , no. 4 , 1976, p. 766–768 ( [1] [PDF; accessed March 9, 2020]).
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Landeshelden: Прихотько Антонина Фёдоровна (accessed March 9, 2020).
  3. ↑ JA Khramov: Prichotko Antonina Fjodorovna . In: AI Achijeser (Hrsg.): Physiker: Biographisches Lexikon . Nauka , Moscow 1983, p. 223 (Russian).
  4. ↑ AF Prikhot'ko: Electronic and vibrational levels of the naphthalene crystal and molecule . In: Ukr. J. Phys. tape 53 , 2008, p. 83–86 ( [2] [PDF; accessed March 9, 2020]).
personal data
SURNAME Prichotko, Antonina Fyodorovna
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Прихотько, Антонина Фёдоровна (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Soviet physicist
DATE OF BIRTH April 26, 1906
PLACE OF BIRTH Pyatigorsk Russian Empire
DATE OF DEATH September 29, 1995
Place of death Kiev , Ukraine