August von Jetzer

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
August Freiherr von Jetzer 1848

August Freiherr von Jetzer (born May 9, 1789 in Vienna ; † January 14, 1862 ibid) was an Austrian Lieutenant Field Marshal and knight of the Maria Theresa Order , fortress commander of Mainz fortress , then civil and military governor of Bologna .

biography

Battle of Ebelsberg 1809
Map of the federal fortress of Mainz around 1844
Bologna, Piazza Maggiore, mid-19th century
J Wilhelm Jankowsky View of Gmunden with Orth Castle 1860

Jetzer came from a middle-class family. He was educated in the Gräflich Löwenburgischen Konvikt with the Piarists in Josefstadt and joined the 1st Landwehr Battalion of the Mühlviertel as an ensign after the kk Landwehr had been established in 1809 . Soon afterwards he distinguished himself in the battle of Ebelsberg .

Knight's Cross of the Military Maria Theresa Order

In the short period of peace that followed, he was employed by the military magazine, which was then brought into being under the patronage of Archduke Karl , and worked out its “contributions to practical teaching in the field”. At the beginning of the acts of war in the context of the Wars of Liberation in 1813, he was deployed as a first lieutenant in the general quartermaster's staff at the headquarters of the army operating against the viceroy of Italy Eugène de Beauharnais , where he excelled among other things in reconnaissance. The commanding Feldzeugmeister Johann Freiherr von Hiller terminated the Drau crossing and thus the general attack on September 19, 1813. Jetzer voluntarily placed himself at the head of the avant-garde near Hollenburg in Carinthia and forced the crossing over the bridge under fierce fire stormed the entrenchments there, and thereby significantly promoted further successes. He was seriously wounded twice. His foot was shattered in one of the gunshot wounds. The consequences should bother him all his life. For this act of arms he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Maria Theresa Order by the Emperor on the 28th of the month while still on the battlefield. Because of his wounds, he could not be used in front service for a while and in 1814 he worked on the preparation of operation maps, then in the presidential office of the Court War Council and only returned to active service at the end of the year as a captain in the headquarters of Field Marshal Prince zu Schwarzenberg .

According to the statutes of the Maria Theresa Order, Emperor Franz Joseph I elevated him to the status of hereditary-Austrian baron with a diploma of May 17, 1815.

After the Peace of Paris , the officer returned to the director's office of the General Staff and in 1826 became major and director of the same, soon afterwards lieutenant colonel and adjutant general in Hungary at the side of Archduke Ferdinand d'Este . In 1831 he was promoted to Colonel and Commander of Infantry Regiment No. 31 Graf Leiningen.

On April 6, 1840, the baron was promoted to major general and received a brigade command in Lemberg , from November 1, 1843 that in the Mainz fortress, where he became fortress commander a year later (until October 30, 1849). After he was appointed field marshal lieutenant in this office on December 12, 1847, the general put an end to this project with his energetic demeanor in the stormy epoch of 1848, when various influences of the movement party tried to loosen the military discipline under the federal occupation. The monarchs of Prussia , Baden and Hessen-Darmstadt reaped public signs of appreciation for the restoration of calm in the fortress, which was also endangered by attacks on the Prussian garrison . Among other honors, he received a commendatory handwriting from the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm IV, accompanied by the insignia of the Order of the Red Eagle, 1st class.

On November 1, 1849, the baron was given command of a division in Bologna, where he became civil and military governor, then also interim commander of the 8th Army Corps. But already in the following year - he had already served 41 years - the complaints of increasing age and the long-term consequences of his war injuries forced him to ask for retirement, which he was granted on June 27, 1850 with testimony of the utmost satisfaction. Since then he has spent the winter in Vienna and the summer in Gmunden with his family.

As already noted above, J. was also active as a writer, so the first volumes of the “Austrian Military Journal” contained several articles from his pen.

Awards

The general was decorated with numerous decorations, including:

family

August von Jetzer married on April 22, 1832 Anna (* May 18, 1801), the widow of the Imperial and Royal Lieutenant Colonel Fleschner, a daughter of Field Marshal Lieutenant (October 7, 1829) Wolfgang Ritter Laiml von Dedina (1767-1839), from whom she made her Son Eugen (born April 22, 1826) brought into the marriage. Since this marriage remained childless, the general was allowed to adopt his stepson by the highest resolution of July 29, 1843, with the approval that Eugene of the general was allowed to use the general's title and coat of arms. The later colonel called himself Eugen Freiherr von Fleschner-Jetzer. August had a sister, Charlotte (* 1793; † September 16, 1827), who married the friend and cousin Franz Grillparzer Ferdinand Graf von Paumgartten and who is said to have had an affair with the man of letters between 1819 and 1821.

Coat of arms of the Barons von Jetzer 1815

coat of arms

1815: Squared shield. 1 and 4, in gold, a black lion ready to fight, holding a sword in his right paw. 2 and 3 three left-slanted silver bars in red. The shield is covered by the baron's crown, on which two tournament helmets, turned to one another, rise. From the right helmet the lion rises from 1 and 4 placed inwards, the left has an open red flight covered with the three silver crossbars of the fields. The helmet covers are black with gold on the right, red with silver on the left. Under the shield on a fluttering strip is the motto: “Honor et virtus” [“Honor and virtue”].

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c Constant von Wurzbach : " Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich ", 10th part, KK Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Vienna 1863, p. 173 f.
  2. ↑ Dr. Jaromir Hirtenfeld: "The Military Maria Theresa Order and its Members", Verlag der Buchhandlung für Militärliteratur Karl Prohaska, Vienna 1857, p. 1210 f.
  3. ↑ http://www.austro-hungarian-army.co.uk/mmto3.htm
  4. ^ A b Johann Georg Megerle von Mühlfeld: "Austrian Adels-Lexikon des eighteenth and nineteenth centuries", Volume 2, Verlag Mörschner and Jasper, Vienna 1824, p. 67
  5. ↑ Prof. Dr. Ernst Heinrich Kneschke: "New general German Adels-Lexicon", 4th volume, Friedrich Voigt'sche Buchhandlung, Graffen - Kalau von Kalheim, Verlag Friedrich Voigt's Buchhandlung, Leipzig 1863, p. 565
  6. ^ A b Antonio Schmidt-Brentano: The kk or kuk Generalität 1816–1918, Austrian State Archives, 1907, p. 80
  7. ↑ Jaromir Hirtenfeld: "Austrian Military Calendar", Volume 7, Volume 2, Verlag der Buchhandlung für Militärliteratur Karl Prohaska, Vienna 1857, p. 1210 f.
  8. ^ Oesterreichischer Militärfreund No. 77, from Thursday, June 27, 1850, p. 343
  9. ↑ Klagenfurter Zeitung No. 15, from Monday, January 20, 1862, p. 60
  10. ^ Oesterreichische Zeitung (Vienna, fol.), Year 1862, No. 25
  11. ↑ Military newspaper No. 8, of Saturday, January 25, 1862, p. 62
  12. ^ Antonio Schmidt-Brentano: The kk or kuk Generalität 1816–1918, Austrian State Archives, 1907, p. 99
  13. ↑ Lemberger Zeitung No. 120, from Wednesday, October 18, 1843, p. 1
  14. ↑ Military newspaper No. 8, of Saturday, January 25, 1862, p. 62
  15. ^ Karl Glossy (Ed.): "Letters from and to Grillparzer", Verlag C. Konegen, Vienna 1892, pp. 35 f., 309
  16. ^ Emil Karl Blümml (ed.): "Caroline Pichler: Memories from my life", Verlag Georg Müller, Munich 1914, p. 490 f.
personal data
SURNAME Jetzer, August of
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Jetzer, August Freiherr von (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian field marshal lieutenant
DATE OF BIRTH May 9, 1789
PLACE OF BIRTH Vienna
DATE OF DEATH January 14, 1862
Place of death Vienna