Bürgenstock

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Bürgenstock
Bürgenstock in front of the Stanserhorn and Pilatus from the Rigi

Bürgenstock in front of the Stanserhorn and Pilatus from the Rigi

height 1127.8  m above sea level M.
location Canton of NidwaldenCanton of Nidwalden Nidwalden Lucerne SwitzerlandCanton lucerneCanton lucerne 
SwitzerlandSwitzerland 
Mountains Uri Alps
Dominance 5.27 km →  Nollen
Notch height 683 m ↓  Stans
Coordinates 672 987  /  205918 coordinates: 47 ° 0 '1 "  N , 8 ° 23' 54"  O ; CH1903:  672,987  /  205918
Bürgenstock (Uri Alps)
Bürgenstock

The Bürgenstock , also Bürgenberg , is a Swiss mountain ( 1127.8  m above sea level ) in the Urner Alps on Lake Lucerne ( 434  m above sea level ) in the canton of Nidwalden . In a narrower sense, Bürgenstock is a health resort on this very mountain, on Alp Tritt . The hotel complex on the Bürgenstock has been called the Bürgenstock Resort since 2014 .

designation

Seen from Lucerne, the Bürgenberg has the typical mountain shape of a stick . This term is used to describe numerous mountains, especially in German-speaking Switzerland, whose peaks have a shape that is clearly set apart from the surrounding relief (see also: Massif ). The mountain stands on the Bürgen peninsula and so the term Bürgenstock, a composite term, has been formed from the components Bürgen and Stock since the middle of the 19th century as a geographical name.

The mountain itself has been called Bürgenberg since the Middle Ages ; In an arbitration settlement from 1378 of a 38-year-long dispute about the affiliation of the area from Kehrsiten to Mattgrat between the Lucerne and Nidwalden estates, the name Bürgenberg is used in the March clearing. All of the old plans and letters of march of the Lucerne corporation refer to the then disputed forest as Stadtwald am Bürgenberg or Bürgenbergwald .

On the topographic map of Switzerland from 1845 to 1865, the Dufour map , the mountain bar as a whole had no name. The highest ridge was named Hametschwand (sic), Bürgenberg was entered as the name of the ascent to the mountain ridge in the extreme southwest.

The geographical name Bürgenstock was first documented in 1836 by Aloys Businger in his book Der Kanton Unterwalden . Businger calls the entire Bürgen peninsula the Bürgenberg , but designates the highest elevation with both Hammetschwand and Bürgenstock .

In 1850, the director of the Lucerne teacher training institute, Niklaus Rietschi, published a private map in which the name Bürgenstock was entered next to the name Hammetschwand for the summit.

In 1872 the Bucher & Durrer company founded the hotel branch on Alp Tritt. For this she chose the already existing geographical name Bürgenstock, documented in 1836 by Aloys Businger in the book Der Kanton Unterwalden . The mortgages taken out by Franz Josef Bucher-Durrer at that time are for the Bürgenstock property, which is precisely defined in the land register .

The first official Swiss map showing the geographical place name Bürgenstock is the Siegfried map, which the Federal Topographical Bureau began to publish under Hermann Siegfried and which lasted from 1870 to 1922. The name of the place Bürgenstock appears in sheet 377 of the Siegfried map from 1896.

Around 1900, Bürgenstock established itself as a general slang term for the entire mountain bar from Stansstad in the west to the Lower Nose in the east. In 1910 there was a corresponding entry in the Geographical Lexicon of Switzerland. In today's national map of Switzerland , the name Bürgenstock occurs both as a name for the mountain bar - an alternative name for Hammetschwand - and for the location of the hotel and residential area. Bürgenstock appears twice as a place name in the place directory of Switzerland. The town is registered with the postal code 6363 in the Swiss postal code directory. The residential streets that open up the entire mountain range from the valley communities of Stansstad and Ennetbürgen are now called Bürgenstockstrasse .

Geographical location

The Bürgenstock as seen from the Buochserhorn .
The Burgenstock from the Rigi seen from
View from Chänzeli in east direction
The Burgenstock in the lake and mountain scenery in central Switzerland, the Pilatus seen from
View from Bürgenstock to Lake Lucerne
Summit of the Bürgenstock with restaurant
Hammetschwand elevator, with a view of the Rigi
Bürgenstockbahn

The Bürgenstock is an elongated, 10 km long ridge and is enclosed in the north, east and south-east by Lake Lucerne. The northern slope drops very steeply into the lake. The municipality of Ennetbürgen is located under the southern slope ; below the western end is Stansstad .

Most of the mountain belongs to the municipality of Ennetbürgen in the canton of Nidwalden . The western part belongs to the municipality of Stansstad. Part of the northern steep drop into the lake is an exclave of the city of Lucerne ( Bürgenstock exclave ).

geology

Geologically, the Bürgenberg is one of the foothills of the Pilatus and belongs to the Helvetic fringe. The rocks come from the Cretaceous and Tertiary periods . Below the Hammetschwand the following layers can be distinguished on the north side: Kieselkalk , Drusbergschichten (forming a forest band), lightly weathered Schrattenkalk with the orbitoline layers overlaid by the Seewerkalk . In transgredieren Assilinengrünsand and nummulite of Lutetien that occurs mainly on the gentle sloping southern slopes.

In the Ice Age , the Bürgenberg was completely covered by the ice stream, which flowed as the Reuss glacier from the valleys on the Gotthard into the Alpine foothills. Grinding marks from the ice on the limestone cliffs can be found up to the highest elevations. Large granite boulders that the ice transported from the high Alps are scattered all over the mountain , for example an 18 m³ large, rounded specimen on the steep slope in the Allwägli property, which was placed under nature protection in 1949. After the ice receded, the Bürgenberg was initially an island in Lake Lucerne. Over the millennia, however , the Engelberger Aa filled the area between the exit of the Engelberg Valley and the Bürgenstock with sediments . This created the flat valley between the municipalities of Ennetbürgen, Buochs , Stans and Stansstad.

tourism

The Bürgenstock is home to several luxury hotels and a congress center and has been a popular holiday resort and congress destination since 1872. The mountain has been accessible from the Kehrsiten ship station with the Bürgenstock Railway since 1888 .

The highest open-air elevator in Europe, the Hammetschwand lift, is located on the Bürgenstock . It connects the scenic rock path with the Hammetschwand lookout point, from where you can enjoy an impressive view of Lake Lucerne and the surrounding mountains.

A protection plan ensures that valuable witnesses of Swiss tourism after the Second World War are preserved on the Bürgenstock . In addition to the hotel buildings of the Grand Hotel and the Palace Hotel, there are numerous small buildings that were built in the 1950s and 1960s. The specialist office for monument preservation of the canton of Nidwalden , the client, the Nidwalden government and the municipalities were looking for solutions to preserve the historic buildings . A specialist committee worked out an overall plan that placed the various buildings under monument protection . The historical weather station has since been rebuilt elsewhere. Part of the Grand Hotel, the oldest hotel in the Bürgenstock Resort, was demolished. The facade will be rebuilt true to the original. There is a new room layout inside the building. From the point of view of the preservation of monuments, the Bürgenstock Resort must continue to make itself noticeable within the Lake Lucerne landscape area through its concise silhouette and must be preserved as an overall ensemble .

History of the Bürgenstock Hotels

The two hotel pioneers Franz Josef Bucher and Josef Durrer from Kerns bought Alp Tritt on the Bürgenberg in 1871 and named the new hotel project Bürgenstock . On June 23, 1873, they opened the Grand Hotel under the then name Hotel Kurhaus . The Park Hotel opened its doors in 1888 , the Bürgenstock Chapel was built in 1892, the Palace Hotel was opened in 1904 and several villas east of the Palace were built between 1900 and 1905. The Hammetschwand lift dates from 1905. Friedrich Frey-Fürst bought the Bürgenstock Hotels in 1925. The ownership structure changed several times between 1996 and 2011, until the Katara Hospitality , a subsidiary of the state fund Qatar Investment Authority , took over the hotels and combined the new Bürgenstock Resort, the Hotel Royal Savoy Lausanne and the Hotel Schweizerhof in Bern under the Bürgenstock Selection brand . In March 2014 the foundation stone was laid for the new resort. The resort opened on August 28, 2017.

On the south side of the Bürgenstock lies the Hotel Villa Honegg , which Emil Durrer (1873–1923), a nephew of Franz Josef Bucher , built and opened in 1906. It was run as a family business until 1977. After an extensive renovation, the house was reopened in 2011.

diplomacy

Several political negotiations took place on the Bürgenstock. At the beginning of 2002, the Bürgenstock Agreement was concluded here between those involved in the war of civil secession in South Sudan . In spring 2004 negotiations took place between the Turkish and Greek Cypriots on the question of EU accession . In 1960 and 1995 the Bilderberg conference took place on the Bürgenstock.

Culture

The Bürgenstock Chapel from the 19th century is located in the immediate vicinity of the hotels and at the beginning of the Felsenweg. To this day it is owned by the former Frey hotelier family, who shaped the era of the Bürgenstock Hotels from 1925 to 1997, and the non-profit Frey-Fürst Foundation. The Bürgenstock Chapel is a replica of the St. Jost Chapel, which is located on the slopes of the Bürgenstock in the municipality of Ennetbürgen and is the oldest Gothic place of prayer in the Swiss canton of Nidwalden. The Comtesse Tancrède de la Baume, née Pozzo di Borgo, who had built her summer residence in the hotel village on the Bürgenstock, built the Bürgenstock Chapel in 1897. In the chapel she had a wooden, multi-colored Gothic ceiling reproduced in great detail. Other elements of the interior design and decoration also come from various churches in Switzerland as replicas from the 17th century. Immediately next to the chapel is the sculpture of the Dance of Death by the Swiss sculptor Hans Jörg Limbach (1928–1990). The Bürgenstock Chapel also became famous through the wedding of actress Audrey Hepburn to Mel Ferrer in 1954.

On November 13, 2009, the Bürgenstock Art and Culture Foundation was founded, which promotes cultural life on the Bürgenstock as well as exceptional cultural projects on an international level. At the special exhibition of the foundation in the Palace Hotel “The future has origins - Grand hotels of yore and tomorrow (1870–2014)” from June to December 2011, around 8,000 visitors viewed exhibits from the past of the Swiss hotel industry. In collaboration with the Lucerne University of Education , the foundation created a learning path on the Felsenweg. It extends over a distance of 1.5 kilometers and was opened on June 26, 2015.

Cultural events and concerts of the Bürgenstock Festival Foundation take place in the historic Bürgenstock Chapel . This foundation was established by Peter Frey - descendant of the former Frey hotelier family - on May 11, 2012.

literature

  • Christoph Berger: The little book from the Stanserhorn . Odermatt, Dallenwil 2005, ISBN 3-907164-12-1 (contains the story of Bucher & Durrer , the founders of the Bürgenstock holiday resort ).
  • Franz Odermatt, Friedrich Frey-Fürst: Das Buch vom Bürgenstock - 75 Years Kurort Bürgenstock , Verlag Eugen Haag, Lucerne 1948.

Web links

Commons : Bürgenstock  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Odermatt / Frey-Fürst 1948, p. 113
  2. ^ Aloys Businger: Der Kanton Unterwalden , 1836, p. 29 and p. 154
  3. ↑ Odermatt / Frey-Fürst 1948, p. 115
  4. ↑ Odermatt / Frey-Fürst 1948, p. 115
  5. ^ Aloys Businger: Der Kanton Unterwalden , 1836, p. 29 and p. 154
  6. ↑ Odermatt / Frey-Fürst 1948, p. 116
  7. ^ Siegfried map : sheet 377, 1896 , in the map collection of the Swiss Federal Office for Topography, visited on December 9, 2012
  8. ^ Charles Knapp, Maurice Borel, Victor Attinger, Heinrich Brunner, Société neuchâteloise de geographie (editor): Geographical Lexicon of Switzerland . Volume 1: Aa - Emmengruppe . Verlag Gebrüder Attinger, Neuenburg 1902, p. 381, keyword Bürgenstock   ( scan of the lexicon page ).
  9. ↑ List of localities in Switzerland p. 79 and 80, downloaded on February 5, 2010
  10. ^ Postal code directory for Switzerland and the Principality of Liechtenstein , visited on February 5, 2010
  11. ↑ René Hantke: Geological Guide of Switzerland, excursion 32 . Basel 1967.
  12. ↑ Saved gems on the Bürgenstock . In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung , July 26, 2014. Accessed August 7, 2014.
  13. ↑ A mountain awakens . In: Bilanz (magazine) , August 30, 2013. Retrieved August 18, 2014.
  14. ↑ Start of construction for the Waldhotel on the Bürgenstock . In: Neue Nidwaldner Zeitung , March 26, 2014
  15. ↑ Press releases - Bürgenstock Resort Lucerne. Retrieved September 8, 2017 .
  16. ↑ Erich Vogler: Living in the monument. Obwalden building culture in use. Verein Werkstil, [Sachseln] 2012, ISBN 978-3-033-03623-9 , p. 128.
  17. ↑ The history of Villa Honegg. on www.villa-honegg.ch. Retrieved March 10, 2016.
  18. ↑ The breakthrough to peace began on the Bürgenstock . In: Tages-Anzeiger , January 14, 2011. Accessed February 16, 2016.
  19. ↑ Reunification: Cypriots have to take their fate into their own hands . In: Der Spiegel , April 1, 2004. Retrieved February 16, 2016.
  20. ↑ Alejandra Salas-Porras, Georgina Murray: Think Tanks and Global Politics: Key Spaces in the Structure of Power . Springer, 2017, ISBN 978-1-137-56756-7 ( google.de [accessed September 8, 2017]).
  21. ↑ Conspiratorial Elite: Bilderberg Conference - The most secret conference in the world - WELT. Retrieved September 8, 2017 .
  22. ↑ Article Successful Exhibition . In: Neue Nidwaldner Zeitung , December 10, 2011.
  23. ↑ Article They invite you to travel back in time - very contemporary . In: Neue Obwaldner Zeitung , June 27, 2015.
  24. ↑ lernpfad-felsenweg.ch , website for the Felsenweg learning path
  25. ^ Website of the Bürgenstock Festival Foundation