Bačko Dobro Polje

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Бачко Добро Поље
Bačko Dobro Polje
Kiskér
Bačko Dobro Polje does not have a coat of arms
Bačko Dobro Polje (Serbia)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Serbia
Province : Vojvodina
Okrug : Južna Bačka
Opština : Vrbas
Coordinates : 45 ° 30 ′  N , 19 ° 41 ′  E Coordinates: 45 ° 29 ′ 51 ″  N , 19 ° 41 ′ 21 ″  E
Height : 80  m. i. J.
Residents : 3,988 (2002)
Telephone code : (+381) 021
Postal code : 21465
License plate : VS
Structure and administration
Mayor : Milan Glušac
Website :

Bačko Dobro Polje ( Serbian - Cyrillic Бачко Добро Поље , Hungarian Kiskér or Kis Kér ; German  Kleinker , Kischker or Klein Ker ) is a place in the Serbian province of Vojvodina in the south of the Batschka and belongs to the Opština Vrbas .

Aerial photo of the place (2015)

history

The place was founded around 1786 on the territory of the Kingdom of Hungary by migrants from Baden , Franconia , Alsace , Hesse and the Palatinate . Joseph II initially made it possible for 230 Protestant households to move. It was laid out as a street village typical of the Batschka , the streets of which crossed at right angles.

During the Danube Swabian settlement , the area belonged to Austria-Hungary , in 1910 of 3550 inhabitants, 3435 were " ethnic Germans ". After the First World War , Vojvodina was awarded to Serbia in 1918 .

In 1934, some students of the medical department of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg accepted an invitation from Johann Wüscht , the director of the central cooperative of the rural welfare cooperatives ("ZEWOGE") in Neusatz . The students came to the Batschka four summers in a row. The anthology with the research results of the "Grimm Group" , to which Gabriele Wülker also belonged, emerged as the "Reichssiegerarbeit" from the " Reichsberufswettkampf " of the German students in 1936/37 in the category " Race and Health Care" and contains detailed data on the community and their residents.

As a result of the defeat of Yugoslavia in the Balkan campaign (1941) , the Kingdom of Hungary annexed the Batschka. In the autumn of 1944, the Soviet Red Army reached the Batschka and thus triggered the evacuation and flight of large parts of the German population, including in Bačko Dobro Polje. Between November 9 and November 20, 1944 there were mass executions of 142 of the 1239 German-speaking population remaining in the village by the partisans of the Yugoslav People's Liberation Army under Josip Broz Tito .

  • On November 9, 1944, 78 people were driven into a bomb crater near the Bačko Dobro Polje train station, where they were shot and buried (coordinates: 45 ° 30'04.3 "N 19 ° 39'17.8" E). Partisans forced " Gypsies " living nearby to bury the victims. The victims included 57 women (73%) and 21 men (27%).
  • On November 12, 1944, four farmers were shot in the open road on the outskirts.
  • On November 14, 1944, 46 people were shot and buried opposite the local brickworks (coordinates: 45 ° 29'40.8 "N 19 ° 41'56.3" E); of these, 12 were women and 34 men.
  • On November 20, 1944, another 14 residents (9 women and 5 men) were rounded up and shot and buried at the sewage drain opposite the former Franksche Hemp factory (coordinates: 45 ° 29'22.5 "N 19 ° 41'20.9" E).

After the executions, Yugoslav partisans ran an internment and forced labor camp for “ethnic Germans” in the village, in which they interned all remaining German-speaking residents of the village. As a result of deportations to the Soviet Union and other camps, the Bačko Dobro Polje camp was slowly disbanded, and by then 21 residents had died here. Most of the deportees were taken to the Jarek , Vrbas and Gakowo camps , while others were deported to the Soviet Union for forced labor. This caused another 330 inhabitants to be killed. In addition, all German-speaking residents of the place were expropriated and expatriated without compensation due to their ethnic affiliation with the AVNOJ resolutions . After the Germans were driven out, only two older German-speaking women married to Serbs remained in the village.

Catholic school built in the center of the village in the 1950s

In the late 1940s and early 1950s the place was repopulated by Montenegrin and to a lesser extent Bosnian and Macedonian migrants, so that in 1971 the Montenegrin population predominated with more than 55% of the population. By the year 2002 the population composition changed to the effect that 2246 (57%) see themselves as Serbs and only 1500 (38%) as Montenegrins.

Surname

Due to the changing nationality of the place, its official name changed several times. From its founding until 1918, the village bore the Hungarian name Kiskér , which was often used literally translated as Kleinker because of its mostly ethnic German residents . From 1918 to 1922 this was literally translated into Serbo-Croatian Maliker . In 1922 the place was named Pribicevicevo (after the former Serbian minister Svetozar Pribićević , an ethnic Serb from Croatia and a staunch Yugoslavist), before it was given the current name Bačko Dobro Polje (literally: "Batschkaer Gutes Feld") in 1928. During the Hungarian occupation from 1941 to 1944, Kiskér was used again ad interim .

economy

The place is dominated by agriculture, whereby the cultivation of maize in monocultures is predominant.

traffic

The railway line from Novi Sad to Subotica runs west of the town, but the former Bačko Dobro Polje station has been abandoned. Thus, the European route 75 from Vardø to Sitia , which runs east of the village, is the only important transport connection to the place today.

politics

In the municipal council elections in December 2003, the ultra- nationalist Srpska Radikalna Stranka was by far the most successful party with 970 votes (45.6% of the votes cast), ahead of the Socijalistička Partija Srbije , the successor party of the Union of Communists of Yugoslavia , which had 339 (15.9%) ) Votes. The liberal Demokratska Stranka reached 213 (10.0%), the national liberal Demokratska Stranka Srbije 211 (9.9%), the liberal G17 Plus 143 (6.8%) and the regional party Gradski prevoz u Novom Sadu 105 (4.9 %) %) of votes. All other parties (including the Otpor party ) remained splinter parties, each with well below two percent of the vote.

Population development

Population development in Bačko Dobro Polje
  • 1786: 230 households
  • 1880: 2,848
  • 1910: 3,550
  • 1961: 3,922
  • 1971: 3.622
  • 1981: 3,768
  • 1991: 3,940
  • 2002: 3,988

Personalities

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Erich Gerber: History of Kischker ( Memento from September 28, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  2. ↑ a b c German-Russian Heritage Society: Hungarian Villages Settled by Germans ( Memento from October 6, 2008 in the Internet Archive ), last accessed: June 6, 2007.
  3. ^ A b Peter Lang: Beschka Heimatbuch. Local monograph of the municipality of Beschka in Yugoslavia from the perspective of the former Danube Swabians, 1860-1944. Leuchter Verlag, Erzhausen 1971, p. 22 .
  4. ↑ Hans Grimm: The population movement in Bukin and Bačko Dobro Polje - a study on the population biology of two Batschka communities. In: Ethnological studies in the German settlement area in the southern Slavic Batschka. JF Lehmanns Verlag , Munich 1938, pp. 87-104 (= Young Science 3)
  5. ↑ Johann Lorenz: Unvergessenes Kischker - settlement - Development - downfall . Series: Donauschwäbische Contributions Volume 38; 2nd edition, Pannonia-Verlag, 1980.
  6. ^ Arnold Suppan : Retaliation and 'ethnic cleansing' Flight, expulsion and forced resettlement of Germans from Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia 1944–1948 ( Memento of July 11, 2007 in the Internet Archive ). In: Zeitschrift für Geschichtswwissenschaft , Volume 51, 2003, pp. 74–84, p. 79.
  7. ↑ Johann Lorenz: Unvergessenes Kischker - settlement - Development - downfall . Series: Donauschwäbische Contributions Volume 38; 2nd edition, Pannonia-Verlag, 1980, p. 52ff.
  8. ↑ BBC Summary of World Broadcasts (1988): "Kosovo Solidarity Rally in Vojvodina Municipality of Titov Vrbas", EE / 0245 / B / 1 , September 1, 1988.
  9. ↑ Ljiljana Lagundžić: " Population Dynamics of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte and Possibilitis of Its Control . (PDF; 260 kB)", IWGO-Newletter 23 (2): 22, 2002
  10. ↑ a b c Rezultati parlamentarnih izbora u Opštini Vrbas: decembar 2003. Election results on vrbas.net ( Memento from September 27, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  11. ↑ 2002 census ( Memento from June 24, 2007 in the Internet Archive )