Babruysk

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Babruysk | BobruiskBabruysk Montage.jpg
Бабруйск | Бобруйск
( Belarus. ) | ( Russian )
coat of arms
coat of arms
 flag
flag
State : BelarusBelarus Belarus
Woblasz : Flag of Mahilyow Voblast.svg Mahiljou
Coordinates : 53 ° 9 '  N , 29 ° 13'  E Coordinates: 53 ° 9 '  N , 29 ° 13'  E
Area : 66  km²
 
Residents : 220,823 (2004)
Population density : 3,346 inhabitants per km²
Time zone : Moscow time ( UTC + 3 )
Telephone code : (+375) 0225
Postal code : BY - 213819
License plate : 6th
 
Website :
Babruysk (Belarus)
Babruysk
Babruysk

Babrujsk or Bobruisk ( Belarusian Бабруйск / Babrujsk ; Russian Бобруйск / Bobruisk ) is a city in Belarus on the Bjaresina with 220,823 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2004) in Mahiljouskaja Woblasz .

Economy and Transport

Today the city is an important industrial location in Belarus. The oil processing industry (tire plant Belshina ) is the largest employer with 49% of all production facilities in the city and supplies, among other things, special tires for large trucks worldwide. In addition, mechanical engineering (tractor works) and wood processing companies (furniture factories) are located. A leather factory with around 350 employees exports to Europe in particular. Babrujsk is conveniently located on the Bjaresina crossing of the main road and railway from Minsk to the second largest city in the country, Gomel . The roads are mostly very well developed.

history

The name of the city, which was mentioned in the church chronicles as early as 1387, is probably derived from the Slavic word for beaver (Belarusian Bobr ), as beaver hunting was very common in this region at that time.

Belonging to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania since the middle of the 14th century , the city became part of the Russian Empire in 1793 . Towards the end of the 19th century, by order of the tsar, the city was given a strong fortress , of which only remnants remain today. The city was occupied by the Polish military in 1919 and was recaptured by Red Army troops in the same year. Babrujsk has been part of Belarus since 1919 .

The city developed into a center of Jewish culture until the Holocaust. Around 1900 the Jewish population was 60%.

During the Second World War , the city came under German occupation from 1941 to 1944; it was regained by the Red Army on June 29, 1944 during the summer offensive known as Operation Bagration . Later there was a prisoner of war camp 56 in the city for German prisoners of war of the Second World War. Seriously ill people were cared for in the prisoner of war hospital in 2043 .

Jewish population and the murder of Jews by the German occupiers

Before 1941, the share of the Jewish population in the total population of Babruysk, similar to other Belarusian cities, was between 25 and 30%. With over 30 synagogues , Bobrujsk was an important center of Jewish culture, so that it was popularly referred to as the capital of Israel (Stalitsa Yisrael) with a slight irony. Babrujsk (then Bobrujsk) was occupied on July 21, 1941. At the beginning of the occupation, the city had 62,000 inhabitants (some of the Babruysk people had fled or were evacuated). In the first half of September 1941, Babrujsk was one of the first places where a mass shooting took place on Himmler's orders : 20,000 Jewish men, women and children were murdered. Task Force 8 under Otto Bradfisch was responsible for the massacre . On June 29, 1944, the city was retaken after three years of occupation and destroyed in heavy fighting. After the reconquest, there were hardly more than 28,000 people in the city, most of them were homeless. The majority of the refugees did not return until 1945. Babruysk was rebuilt in the late 1940s.

After numerous Babruysk Jews were expelled and murdered by the German occupiers, the city regained importance for Jewish life after the Second World War; after 1991, however, significant numbers of Jews from Babrujsk emigrated to Israel, the USA and Germany.

Synagogues

Demographic development

  • 1861-15,766
  • 1897 - 34,336
  • 1939 - 84.107
  • 1945 - 28,000
  • 1959 - 96,000
  • 1965 - 116,000
  • 1968 - 122,500
  • 1970 - 136,000
  • 1989 - 232,000
  • 2004 - 226,900

Sports

The Belschyna Babrujsk football club plays in the Wyschejschaja Liha , the top division of Belarus. In football, the city was also represented by FK Fandok Babrujsk . The FC Bobruichanka is a leading women's football clubs in Belarus. The city is also home to the Schinnik Babrujsk ice hockey club.

sons and daughters of the town

Town twinning

Babrujsk maintains the following cities partnerships :

Web links

Commons : Babruysk  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

swell

  1. ^ Magocsi, PR (2002): Historical Atlas of Central Europe. Seattle: University of Washington Press. P. 109
  2. ↑ Maschke, Erich (Ed.): On the history of the German prisoners of war of the Second World War. Verlag Ernst and Werner Gieseking, Bielefeld 1962–1977.
  3. ↑ Vladimir: Sister Cities