Baeometra uniflora
| Baeometra uniflora | ||||||||||||
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Baeometra uniflora |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name of the genus | ||||||||||||
| Baeometra | ||||||||||||
| Salisb. ex Endl. | ||||||||||||
| Scientific name of the species | ||||||||||||
| Baeometra uniflora | ||||||||||||
| ( Jacq. ) GJ Lewis |
Baeometra uniflora is the only species of the Baeometra plant genus withinthe timeless family (Colchicaceae). She is endemic to the Capensis .
Description and synecology
Appearance and leaf
Baeometra uniflora grows as a deciduous, perennial herbaceous plant that can reach heights of up to 25 cm. As a storage organ, this geophyte forms subterranean, asymmetrically egg-shaped sprouts with a height of up to 30 cm , which are covered with a dark brown, leathery tunic. In spring, new above-ground parts of the plant are formed.
Usually there are five to eight seated, stem-embracing leaves ; these are arranged at the base and distributed in a fan-like manner on the stem. The simple leaf blades are narrow, linear-lanceolate and runny.
Inflorescence, flowering and pollination
The flowering period in South Africa is between August and October. One to five almost upright, sessile to short-stalked flowers stand together in a racemose or spiked , zymous inflorescence . The linear-wrong-lanceolate, pfriemförmigen or filamentary cover sheets are missing at the top gradually becomes smaller and the top bloom.
The unscented, hermaphrodite flowers are radial symmetry and threefold. The six identical, free bracts are more or less upright to spread out, stand together in a funnel shape and wither quickly after anthesis . The 3 to 12 mm long nailed bracts are obsolete with a length of 15 to 28 mm. The colors of the bracts range from sulfur yellow to orange with a dark chestnut-colored base, the sap mark ; they are red on the outside. There are no nectaries on the bracts. There are two circles with three stamens each. The stamens inserted at the upper end of the cladding nail are about 3 mm long and dark chestnut in color. The 2 to 4 mm long anthers are yellow. Three carpels have grown together to form a cylindrical, three-lobed ovary with a length of 7 to 10 mm . There are many ovules in each ovary chamber . The three short, hook-shaped scars are about 0.5 mm long.
The flowers close at night or in gloomy weather and only open fully in full, bright sunshine. Then their bright flower color and the contrasting, dark juice mark come into their own. The pollination is effected by beetles of the tribe Hopliini within the scarab beetle (Scarabaeidae); hence the common names "Beetle Lily" (English) and "Kewerlelie" (Afrikaans). The short stigmas and the lack of nectar are adaptations to these pollinators.
Fruit and seeds
The woody, with a length of 3 to 5 cm, relatively long, cylindrical capsule fruits only open at the upper end and split between the fruit lobes. The brown seeds are almost spherical, but angular due to the narrowness of the capsule fruit.
Chromosome number
The basic chromosome number is x = 11.
Occurrence
Baeometra uniflora occurs only in the southwestern part of the South African province of Western Cape . Their distribution area extends from near Tulbagh eastwards to Riversdale . It thrives in winter rain areas .
Baeometra uniflora occurs in stocks that are relatively rich in individuals. It thrives best in open, seasonally swampy or water-retaining locations on clay or loamy soils . Baeometra uniflora can often be found in somewhat disturbed locations, for example on roadsides and roadsides and in meadows. They are mostly found at lower altitudes in humid, temperate locations and rarely or never in these areas there is frost during the growing season.
Baeometra uniflora is listed on the Red List of Endangered Species in South Africa . An assessment of the endangerment of this endemic is not available.
Baeometra uniflora is an invasive plant in Western Australia and its spread is being controlled.
Systematics
It was first published in 1791 under the name ( Basionym ) Melanthium uniflorum by Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin in Collectanea , 4, p. 100. The new combination to Baeometra uniflora was made in 1941 by Gwendoline Joyce Lewis in Journal of South African Botany , Volume 7, p. 59 as the only species of the reactivated genus Baeometra . Richard Anthony Salisbury introduced the genus Baeometra in 1812 with the only species Baeometra columellaris Salisb. on - without knowing that this species was already described. The generic name Baeometra is derived from the Greek words baios for small and metron for measure, this refers to the size of the plant. The specific epithet uniflora means one flower. Synonyms for Baeometra uniflora (Jacq.) GJLewis are: Kolbea uniflora (Jacq.) Harv. , Melanthium aethiopicum Desr. , Melanthium flavum Sm. , Epionix flava Raf. , Epionix rubra Raf. , Baeometra breyniana Baill. nom. illegal. Synonyms for Baeometra Salisb. ex Endl. are Kolbea Schltdl. and Epionix Raf.
Baeometra uniflora is the only species of the genus Baeometra from the tribe Anguillarieae D.Don within the family Colchicaceae ; it was previously classified in the tribe Baeometreae and also in the family Liliaceae.
use
Baeometra uniflora is used as an ornamental plant. It quickly forms stands on roadsides and on lawns.
swell
- John C. Manning, Peter Goldblatt & Dee Snijman: The color encyclopedia of Cape bulbs , Timber Press, Portland and Cambridge, 2002. ISBN 0-88192-547-0 : Baeometra on pp. 90-91 (sections description, distribution and systematics )
- Graham Duncan, 2006: Sandersonia aurantiaca Hook. at PlantZAfrica of the South African National Biodiversity Institute = SANBI. (Sections Description, Distribution and Systematics)
- John Manning: Field guide to wild flowers of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland , 487 pages, Struik Nature, Cape Town 2009. ISBN 978-1-77007-758-4
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Baeometra. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved March 26, 2013.
- ↑ a b c d e f g John Manning, 2009: Baeometra uniflora (Jacq.) GJLewis at PlantZAfrica of the South African National Biodiversity Institute = SANBI . Retrieved March 26, 2013.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h John Manning: Field guide to wild flowers of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland , 487 pages, Struik Nature, Cape Town 2009. ISBN 978-1-77007-758-4 : Baeometra uniflora on p. 100
- ↑ a b c d e f John C. Manning, Peter Goldblatt & Dee Snijman: The color encyclopedia of Cape bulbs , Timber Press, Portland and Cambridge, 2002. ISBN 0-88192-547-0 : Baeometra on pp. 90-91
- ↑ a b Baeometra uniflora in the Red List of South African Plants 2013.1. Classified by: W. Foden, L. Potter, 2005. Retrieved March 26, 2013
- ↑ a b Entry in the Western Australian Flora .
- ↑ Baeometra uniflora at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed March 26, 2013.
- ↑ a b Baeometra in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved March 26, 2013.
- ↑ Annika Vinnersten & John C. Manning: A new classification of Colchicaceae In: Taxon , Volume 56, Issue 1, 2007, pp. 171–178: Abstract ( Memento of the original from December 6, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was used automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .
