Beit darling

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Favorite house
בֵּית לִיבְּלִינְג Beit darling
Max-Liebling House (15) .jpg
South facade of Rechov Idelson's favorite house
Data
place Tel Aviv-Jaffa coordinates: 32 ° 4 ′ 24.2 ″  N , 34 ° 46 ′ 13.4 ″  EWorld icon
Art
Architecture museum with training center for building professionals
architect 1936/1937 by Dov Karmi
opening 19th September 2019
operator
City of Tel Aviv-Jaffa and German Federal Government
management
Sharon Golan Yaron
Website

The Beit Darling ( Hebrew בֵּית לִיבְּלִינְג 'Haus Liebling' ) or the Lieblinghaus is a museum, archive for artefacts and components of the Bauhaus architecture and a training center for construction professionals in Max and Tony Favorit's former apartment building of their name in Tel Aviv-Jaffa , Israel . It serves as an experience and documentation center for visitors to the World Heritage White City of Tel Aviv , in which the house itself is one of the most famous landmarks of this very world heritage.

The building was built in 1936/1937 according to plans by Dov Karmi in the Bauhaus modern style (also international style). Architect Ada Karmi-Melamede, who specializes in monument preservation , and her sister-in-law Rivka Karmi took care of the professional restoration, the quality of which stands out in Israeli monument preservation. The city of Tel Aviv-Jaffa is responsible for the building, supported by the German government until 2025.

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location

The Beit darling in Rechov Idelson  29 (רְחוֹב אִידֵלְסוֹן) is located in a district that was acquired by the Ge'ulah terraced company , which was founded in Odessa in 1902 and which administratively united its new development areas with Tel Aviv in 1914. The area called Adamat Ge'ulah (soil of redemption), whose toponym was forgotten with Tel Aviv's rapid development, is now subsumed with other settlement centers under Tel Aviv ha-Qəṭannah (תֵּל־אָבִיב הַקְּטַנָּה 'Little Tel Aviv' ), which with other quarters belongs to district 5, which together with districts 3, 4 and 6 form the Mitte district.

The quarter forms a quiet residential area and became a popular and therefore dignified, upscale residential area in the 1930s. The Lieblinghaus is surrounded by buildings of eclecticism and mostly of the international style , embedded in the shallow differences in height of the seaward, now built-up dunes. The street and its surroundings are defined within the UNESCO protected area as Quartier Bialik (or Zone C ) of the World Heritage White City Tel Aviv , and almost all buildings in the street are listed as well.

Other architectural monuments there are the eclectic Beit Schmu'el Balder (No. 31) from 1925, also eclectic, from 1922 by Lotte Cohn and the modernist Beit Kroskal from 1935 by Richard Kauffmann with the number 23 at the corner of Rechov Pinsker . Tel Aviv's White City is a conservation area , which the UNESCO in 2003 as World Heritage listed and the largest collection of buildings in the style of the Bauhaus is in the world.

The  private, knowledgeable and well-equipped Bauhaus Museum of the collector Ronald Stephen Lauder is located diagonally across from the favorite house at Rechov Idelson at the corner of Kikkar Bialik and Rechov Bialik 21 . Opposite this on the Kikkar Bialik , within sight of the Beit Liebling , is the Beit Bialik , former home of the national poet Chaim Nachman Bialik , now a museum and memorial. Not far south of Beit Bialik is the intimate museum Beit Rubin on the life and oeuvre of the painter Re'uven Rubin .

Logo of the Beit Liebling (בֵּית לִיבְּלִינְג) / Favorite house

Use today

The creation of the Museum in the Lieblinghaus, or the Center for the Preservation of the Architectural Heritage of the International Style (מֶרְכַּז שִׁמּוּר מוֹרֶשֶׁת הַבְּנִיָּה שֶׁל הַסִּגְנוֹן הַבֵּינְלְאֻמִּי Merkaz Schimmūr Mōreschet ha-Bnijah schel ha-Signon ha-Bejnlə'ummī ) as it is officially called, goes back to ideas, mostly inspired by existing institutions, to create an institution that should fulfill several purposes. "The Lieblinghaus educates tourists and those interested in architecture about the history of the White City, conducts research and serves as an advice center for owners who want to renovate their listed property."

The Beit favorite to his expertise as a monument in the center of the restoration and preservation of historical buildings of the White City of Tel Aviv accompany. An archive of building documents and a display and teaching collection of building elements of the modern age for use by building experts from practice and theory are desirable , although the Beit Liebling would be comparable to the Bavarian building archive , albeit limited to one style period .

The density of Bauhaus buildings with little changed components in the monument zones around the Beit Liebling , which fascinated exploration manager Gereon Lindlar in October 2013, make the White City a kind of open-air learning place and archive. Construction and equipment details in the White City have a high recognition effect for connoisseurs and other attentive observers, as the material and technology used in the installation largely correspond to their counterparts that were used in Germany at the same time. Such a modern component archive will also be helpful for the preservation of historical monuments in Germany, where the spatial density of Bauhaus buildings is lacking and where original Bauhaus components have been lost as a result of the war, harsh weather or replacements during renovation.

As in Israel, in the preservation of monuments, as in general in construction, there are almost only semi-skilled workers, whose restoration efforts often have a destructive effect on original components, professional training is urgently required. To this end, the Beit Liebling makes offers on monument preservation and architecture in dialogue and cooperation with the areas of research, vocational training and knowledge transfer. This was also the intention of the federal government when it participated in the renovation of the house with expertise and money in 2015. Architect Sharon Golan Yaron runs the favorite house.

The reconstructed building will serve as another museum on the Bauhaus theme and is aimed at tourists. The Federal Institute for Building, Urban and Spatial Research explicitly emphasizes the good and qualified services of the Bauhaus Center Tel Aviv by Schlomit and Micha Gross in this area, which its employees have been providing for tourists interested in architecture and art enthusiastically since it was founded in 2000.

The bar in the café, interventions in the original room structure, such as a wall breakthrough here, are left raw and thus visible

The Beit Liebling is a center of the urban scene for those interested in culture with a café. It offers strudel that is baked according to the recipe from the Scheuers house cookbook that has been preserved. In order to create enough space for the café and permanent exhibition, some walls were removed on the ground floor. "The demolition edges are left visible on the ceiling, wall and floor, refer to the structural intervention and the original floor plan."

Permanent exhibition on the ground floor

The permanent exhibition on the ground floor leads chronologically through the history of the White City. "The design of the exhibition also suggests its earlier use as a residential building - in front of the walls are drawer showcases in the form of sideboards, with information boards hanging above them like framed souvenir photos". With the audio guide you can take a tour of the house and garden along numbered stations. In addition, the house offers work areas and various events, guided tours and workshops for the general public. The administration of the house uses one of the two apartments on the first floor, the other is used by the research department with archive.

On the top (2nd) floor, the front four-room apartment, where the Scheuers once lived, is furnished in the original room structure as a model example of furnishings in the White City of that time, with a well-preserved kitchen and bathroom with original tiles, fittings and in some of the living rooms even Furniture. At that time, many German immigrants moved into the modern houses with their furniture, some of which were still decorated with the imperial era, and - interesting in terms of migration history - kept a piece of rescued home in their new home. The rear apartment on the second floor, once that of the house owners, serves as space for changing exhibitions with an interdisciplinary approach, curated by representatives from various fields from Israel and around the world.

Tel Aviv's World Heritage zones with the favorite house in the Bialik district (Zone C)

By including the families who once lived in the house, many originals, including personal items, from private holdings or copies of photos were added to the collection. Including small treasures such as test tubes for urine samples from the gynecological clinic Prof. Dr. Gustav Aschermanns on the first floor, where a Frankfurt kitchen has been almost completely preserved.

history

The dunes, through which the Rechov Idelson runs today , have been slowly built on since 1920. The Tel Aviv Brigade of Gdud ha-ʿAvodah (גְּדוּד הָעֲבוֹדָה; at the time a kind of labor service volunteer), including Sam Spiegel , maintained a few barracks on the Mediterranean and carried out road and development works in the new district from there for two years. The initial development consisted of small, mostly one-story houses, and progressed slowly in the face of the economic crises in 1923 and 1926.

But at the beginning of the 1930s the tide turned and immigration and flight to the Holy Land increased sharply. "Most new immigrants this time were wealthy citizens from Central Europe, as the British Mandate demanded proof of capital before they let Jews into the country." This also showcase money seed money mentioned was able to sell imported by be emigrants from Germany to Palestine goods (see this section Construction and restoration below).

Between 1931 and 1937, around 2,700 new residential buildings were built in Tel Aviv, most of them by and for immigrants of the Fifth ʿAlijah . New building areas were developed and the often one-story houses of earlier development stages were replaced by multi-storey buildings, which increased the building density, as with the Beit Liebling , which created more built-up space in height and area (high property coverage) than its predecessor. This rapid densification and new building areas made it possible for the cities of the country, especially Tel Aviv, to accommodate the majority of the many refugees, contrary to the ideological talk of a future of the ʿOlim in an agrarian culture. Tel Aviv's population rose from 46,000 to 150,000 between 1931 and 1938, overtaking that of Haifa.

After their marriage in 1920 in Tarnopol , Poland , Tony Liebling (1887–1963), b. Rubin from Russia and Max Liebling (1881–1942) from Poland to Switzerland, where he established himself as a merchant in trade and real estate brokerage to such an extent that five years later they were able to make ʿAlijah to Mandate Palestine . There they founded the company Max Liebling Ltd. On January 6, 1936, the Favorit bought the house and land at Rechov Idelson  29 from Re'uven Segal in the name of their company . The couple commissioned Dov Karmi to build them a multi-party house, which they moved into in March 1937. From the 1930s onwards, the district along Rechov Bialik , Hess and Idelson streets enjoyed growing popularity with artists, writers and poets, and above all doctors.

Daniel Offer, 2007

In addition to their favorites on the top floor (2nd floor), illustrious residents rented rooms. Nothing is known about the tenants of the apartment on the ground floor on the right (facing the street) except their names. The well-known pediatrician Professor Ludwig Ferdinand Meyer moved into the ground floor on the left with his wife Lotte, daughter Ilse, son-in-law Professor Walter Hirsch and grandson Thomas (later Daniel Offer , psychiatrist and bestselling author), who had come from Berlin in 1935. After two years in Jerusalem, they moved to Tel Aviv. Until 1950, Professor Meyer was Director of Pediatrics at Hadassah Municipal Hospital. He was an expert on infant nutrition and published a lot on his research.

Gustav Aschermann, without a year

The first floor was rented by the country's most famous gynecologist, Professor Gustav Aschermann , a Jewish German Bohemian who immigrated from Czechoslovakia in 1920. He is one of the founders of gynecological research in the country. In the back of the spacious nine-room apartment were the private rooms of the married couple Joseph and Malkah Aschermann, nee. Wilner, who came from a local Jewish family from Neweh Zedeq . She ran an open house for the culturally interested bourgeoisie, was involved in the WIZO , on whose behalf she gave Hebrew and religion lessons to new immigrants at home.

Nina and Jechiel Di-Nur in Rome, 1959

The couple had three children, Nina, the first-born and sons Juval and Joram, both of whom died in childhood. Malka Aschermann and her children were the only Zabarim in the house at that time . Nina Aschermann, who was interested in poetry and served as a soldier for Britain during World War II, became aware of her future husband Jechiel Feiner through a poem , looked for him and, as an uprooted Auschwitz survivor, literally took him off the street. As married couples, they adopted the family name Di-Nur, which was new for both of them. Jechiel Di-Nur became known under the pseudonym KZnik for his books, in which he a. a. experienced atrocities of his time in German concentration camps, with which he brought the Shoah into public awareness in Israel and the world.

In the front part of the apartment, Prof. Aschermann ran a private clinic for women; one of his patients was Farah Diba , who had herself examined incognito in the late 1950s to ensure that she would be the third wife of the future Shah to be able to To give life to heirs. Aschermann founded and headed the Israeli Association for Obstetrics and Gynecology for decades. He made a name for himself with Aschermann Syndrome and further research on the infertility of women as a result of abortion, which was published worldwide. In addition, from 1951 to 1958 he was head of maternity leave at the Joseph Serlin Clinic . Aschermann was literally the man many children of Tel Aviv ha-Qtannah saw first.

From 1938 on, Lucie and Eugen Mordechai Scheuer (1881–1960, born in Saarbrücken) lived with their children Ruth, Hannah and Herbert on the top floor on the right, facing the street. The family had come from Germany in 1936, where Scheuer had been a flour merchant. The Scheuer couple had sold their entire fortune in Germany and shipped it to Tel Aviv, where they tried to settle in the country, under the heavy deductions for imperial flight tax.

Rearranged furniture on the top floor

Lucie Scheuer, born in the Rhineland Palatinate, Because (1889–1978), she spent the rest of her life in the social canton of Ivrit , as Jeckes self-deprecatingly called those circles of their own who did not learn a tone of Ivrit , that is, never fluent Hebrew. Lucie Scheuer furnished the apartment with furniture that she brought from Germany: a grand piano , a dining table for six people, a large bookcase, a smoking table , a radio, marble lamps, a desk and a buffet with Bavarian porcelain service.

The housing office, Scheuer's children had moved out in the meantime, assigned a subtenant with them after the Second World War, as the deficit in housing construction caused by the war had by no means been made up, while survivors of the extermination of Jews from Europe and, from 1947, internal refugees of the Palestinian Civil War , exacerbated the housing shortage .

When the Egyptian military invaded the war for Israel's independence on May 14, 1948 and took Tel Aviv under artillery fire, Scheuer's daughter Ruth, son-in-law Rudy Spangenthal and their children Jaʿel, Margalit and Rafi were bombed and found refuge in the Liebling house. The three children of the Spangenthals occasionally came to the luxurious apartment of the landlord Tony Liebling, who spoiled them with sweets that she kept in precious crystal bonbonnières.

Max and Tony Liebling lived in the apartment on the top floor (2nd floor) on the left, i.e. towards the back. They too had been able to bring their furniture from Europe. Max Me'ir Liebling died in 1942, he and Tony had remained childless. Tony Liebling saw her friends, played bridge once a week with her neighbor Lotte Scheuer from across the street, widowed since 1960, and other acquaintances. She had also taken in relatives in the house.

In her will, Tony Liebling, who died in 1963, decreed that after the residents of Tel Aviv moved out or died, the house should be transferred to the city of Tel Aviv in order to use it for one of the following purposes: an orphanage, a children's home, a nursing home Dormitory or a museum. In memory of her husband and himself as the founder, Tony Liebling asked for a plaque above the entrance to the house. Furthermore, she decreed that the real estate company Max Liebling BaʿA "M should be liquidated in favor of the foundation upon execution of the will . Tony Liebling donated various institutions, including the city's Ashkenazi Great Synagogue .

After Tony Favorite's death, her nieces Rosa Liebling and, as the last, Dr. Sabina Liebling (1908–1999) in the house until 1990. From 1963 to 1970 she headed the eye clinic of the Ichilow Hospital in Tel Aviv. The ravages of time gnawed at the substance, internal and external appearance suffered from extensions and conversions, such as the closing of the balconies to verandas using poor quality plastic windows and panels or the installation of air conditioning outside.

The city largely ignored the requirements of the will and converted the house into offices for its affiliated bodies. In 2000, the house was restored according to the best practice methods of the time, whereby a central air conditioning system was installed, the balconies and walled-up windows were reopened, and dirt, cracks, pipes and devices attached to the facade were removed. A smoother instead of scratch plaster was used, the original plaster was only retained behind the downpipes .

Over the years the house has served various functions. During the exploration for the Federal Institute for Building, Urban and Spatial Research in October 2013 to select the location of the future World Heritage Center, the ground floor was still used as a kindergarten, while the first floor with the many small practice rooms of Gustav Aschermann's former private clinic and the subsequent apartment at the rear served as an office and archive was used. For years these were offices of the Qeren Jehoschuʿa Rabinowitz le-Ommanujjot Tel Aviv (קֶרֶן יְהוֹשֻׁעַ רַבִּינוֹבִיץ לְאָמָּנוּיּוֹת תֵּל־אָבִיב 'Jehoschuʿa Rabinowitz Fund for Tel Aviv's Arts' ). There were offices on the top floor as well.

The German Federal Building Ministry announced in 2014 that it would finance the establishment and operation of a World Heritage Center for the White City of Tel Aviv , for which the choice fell on the favorite house, because - as was determined during the investigation of the four proposed locations from October 2013 to spring 2014 - it was already in municipal ownership and well documented in terms of monument conservation. In September 2014, the Getty Foundation announced that it would be granting the Beit Liebling as one of the first ten buildings of the modern era, as part of its new initiative Keeping It Modern, grants for restoration in the amount of US $ 130,000.

Tablet for the founder and tablet for the bearers

In early May 2015, Federal Building Minister Barbara Hendricks brought Mayor Ron Chulda'i on her visit, which was also one of the events to celebrate the 50th anniversary of German-Israeli diplomatic relations, the promise of 10-year German co-financing of the World Heritage Center with a total of 2, € 8 million and a first annual installment.

After extensive restoration, the Beit Liebling opened on September 19, 2019 with a three-day festival as a museum dedicated to modern architecture in Tel Aviv, which still fulfilled Tony's testament. The opening was part of global events for the 100th anniversary of the Bauhaus.

View from the Bauhaus Museum over to the Lieblinghaus

Construction and restoration

The favorite commissioned the architect Dov Karmi and the engineer Zvi Baraq, his partner, to design and build the new building. Within just under a year and a half, Karmi and Baraq drew up the plans, obtained the demolition and building permits in January 1936 and carried out their plans. In those years, because of the Fifth Aliyah , especially so many Germans and the associated construction activity, the building supervision was constantly overloaded.

The Lieblinghaus was created as a high-quality building in which high-quality imported German building materials were also used. In consultation with the builders, construction companies bought such materials, as did construction machinery and materials from Germany, which German residents wishing to leave (regardless of nationality or religion) had paid for with their German domestic assets and then shipped to Palestine. As part of the Haʿavarah Agreement , the proceeds obtained in Palestine pounds when the goods were sold to Palestinian residents (regardless of nationality or religion) were transferred to an escrow account, and the Reichsbank received part of the coveted foreign currency in order to pay off the so-called Reichsflucht tax levied on capital transfers , the rest got those who had successfully emigrated.

The Reich Treasury had approved the regulation because it was able to deprive nationals wishing to leave the country by means of hefty taxes that most of them had not (any longer) had in Germany since 1931 as a result of rigorous foreign exchange rationing and could therefore not be taken away from them in any way: foreign currency. Since it was forbidden since 1931 to buy or sell Reichsmark balances for foreign currency freely on the foreign exchange market, but instead foreign currency was rationed by the state (limited allocation on request, or even completely denied), there were hardly any natural or legal persons who wanted to sell foreign currency balances for Reichsmarks. which they could then no longer freely dispose of. In return, in view of the freedom-robbing rationing, and finally because of the political risks of the Nazi dictatorship for life and limb, the more German residents in particular wanted to sell their Reichsmark balances for foreign currency, which means that the demand for foreign exchange always exceeded their supply.

The German tax authorities bought important overseas raw materials from the foreign currency obtained under the Haavarah Agreement and stored them in Horten in preparation for the future interruption of imports due to the war. Germans who emigrated lost the withheld Reichsfluchtsteuer from their assets and even more if they were only able to sell the shipped German goods in the destination country for less than their cost price due to the market slump.

Tiles and bath ceramics

The tiles in the small goldfish basin in the entrance area and on the walls of the stairwell, those in the kitchens, bathrooms and the sanitary ware (toilets, bidets, washbasins and tubs) all come from the Franco-German family company Villeroy & Boch . When two tiles fell from the wall in the stairwell in 2017, the embossed name was visible on the back. Fittings and handles on the windows and doors that have survived to this day, such as lockable peepholes, block frames, door leaves and nickel-plated lever handle sets were supplied by Wehag (Wilhelm Engstfeld AG). Construction began in 1936 and in March 1937, Favorite and her tenants moved into the apartment building , which had two units on each of three floors.

With the Beit Liebling , Dov Karmi created the first building in the country for which Le Corbusier's element of the horizontal ribbon of windows was adapted as a long drawn-in balcony. The horizontal line of the building is emphasized by the narrow openings between the balcony parapets and overhangs of the upper aprons, but also keeps the Mediterranean sun and heat away from the interior. The Beit Liebling uses the horizontal lines of the long balconies because of their recognition value in their logo.

Outlines of the building with flat display of beds and gardens

The floor plan of the house consists of two rectangles, one with the long side parallel to the east-west direction of Rechov Idelson Street , and behind it the second, which connects with the narrow side protruding to the west at a 45 ° angle to the northeast. The irregular floor plan increases “the number of corner rooms that can be well ventilated with two windows on different sides.” The two structures, which are shifted against each other, create a small, shady corner on their west side in which the entrance is located.

After the previous users had moved to new domiciles , the renovation and maintenance of the building at Rechov Idelson 29 began in the summer of 2017 under the direction of Ada Karmi-Melamedes and Rivka Karmis, Alumna des Technions and widow Ram Karmis , the building owner was the city of Tel Aviv, which co-financed by the Federal Ministry of Construction and the Qeren Tel Aviv le-Fittuach (קֶרֶן תֵּל־אָבִיב לְפִתּוּחַ Tel Aviv Development Fund ) raised 20 million new shekels for the renovation.

First, experts from Germany and Israel carried out investigations, determined the damage, materials and techniques used, and the quality of the building as a forerunner for the restoration plans. In contrast to the majority of the restorations of listed buildings in the city, the floor plans of most of the interior rooms and original tiles were retained in the Beit Liebling, and the original colors were reconstructed. The moisture damage caused by the operation of the central air conditioning system installed in 2000 has been repaired. Original switches and sockets made of Bakelite , fittings in bathrooms, yellow balcony tiles and vertical balcony supports, which were painted in the original yellow determined after investigations, have been preserved.

The pilot project launched by the Federal Ministry of Construction for innovative scaffolding according to EU standards, in which the Beit Liebling was scaffolded, was much discussed , as it was two and a half times as expensive as national scaffolding. This type of galvanized scaffolding made entirely of metal is supposed to last 30 years and was referred to after the work was completed.

Advertising poster for Patuach le-Regel Schippuzim , 2018

During the two years in the various stages of restoration, the building served as a lively illustration of the internationally composed courses and workshops for construction professionals as part of the Patuach le-Regel Schippuzim program (פָּתוּחַ לְרֶגֶל שִׁיפּוּצִים , Open to renovations' , English Open for Renovations ). The federal government, represented by the Federal Building Office, supported the project financially, but also with building-historical expertise, as there is less qualified handling of modern monuments in Israel. In 2018, Golan found a German construction specialist who has the necessary skills to restore the original plaster and instruct would-be craftsmen.

Because hardly any craftsman in Israel has mastered traditional restoration techniques, the plaster was restored in a German-Israeli joint effort. Budding craftsmen were sent to Tel Aviv for a week, which the Sto Foundation provided with technical and financial support. The transfer of technology as early as the 1930s is also reflected in German loan words in Hebrew , which are also common in the construction industry. So standדִּיבֶּל Dowels for dowels,פַיְנְפּוּץ Fajnpūz for fine plaster,וַשְׁפּוּץ Washpūz for wash plaster,קְרַצְפּוּץ Qrazpūz for scratch plaster,אוֹבֶּר-קַנְט Upper Qanṭ for upper edge andשְׁפַּכְטֶל Schpachṭel for spatula.

The retracted balconies, windows and doors have been restored down to the last detail, right down to the concealable peepholes. During the restoration of the facade, the original plaster was preserved as well as possible and cracks were repaired with special technology without completely replacing the plaster. The mineral plasters that were used in the 1930s are almost white or beige to occasionally grayish due to their locally obtained hydrated lime and added as binders. This is also important in terms of climate and energy, because dark, sooty or weathered, darkened surfaces conduct twice as much external heat through the components inwards as light ones.

Audio station 18 on the subject of fine plaster, sprinkled with flying foxes

The light-colored plaster, which earned the World Heritage Site the designation White City , does not remain untainted, however, because Egyptian bats like to eat the fruits of the Benjaminis , which tower up 15 to 20 meters high as street trees in Tel Aviv, but they disdain the kernels that they are still in flight Spit out what leaves the typical speckles on facades.

Restoration and renovation, as well as the new interior design, planned and managed Dov Karmi's daughter Ada Karmi-Melamede with her local office. She tried to maintain the building's own character, to which the proportions of the structure, the horizontal of the front balconies and the attached pergola as a connection to the street contribute. When the center was founded in 2015, Karmi-Melamede said: “The Bauhaus style in this city is very special ... It is gentler than in other places. The buildings exude a certain softness - it's the Tel Aviv style. "

View east through the Rechov Idelson to the flagged favorite house

Building description

The most striking feature of the Beit Liebling are the long, recessed balconies facing Rechov Idelson Street on all three floors . With this, Dov Karmi created the first building in the country for which Le Corbusier's element of the horizontal ribbon of windows with long balconies was adapted. The south-facing balcony, a long loggia in view of its size and shading, extends to the west facade of the house. Since the long south-facing balcony is open and deeply drawn in to the west, it seems to float, because the filigree steel supports on the west corner are barely visible.

The narrow gaps between the balcony parapets and the overhanging aprons emphasize the horizontal line and give each room adjoining the balcony access to the shaded outside space. Over the years, Karmi's interpretation of the horizontal line through long balconies has become the trademark of the climate-adapted modern architecture in the country. Karmi was a role model and inspiration for many architects and thus influenced the cityscape of Tel Aviv, perhaps more than any other architect.

Rear balcony

In addition to a south-facing balcony, each floor has spacious balconies open on two sides in the north corner, in the corner on the western overhang of the rear wing over the front wing and an east balcony. In the kink of the facade of both building blocks on the east side of the building, accessible from the kitchens, there is a continuous household balcony. These balconies are connected from the roof terrace across all floors by steel stairs and also lead to the basement, where there were storage rooms, central heating and a shared laundry room. The new elevator tower in front of the northeast facade connects to the household balconies across all floors and creates barrier-free access.

A few steps lead from the sidewalk to the level of the front garden, where the access path to the front door is or will be shaded by a wooden pergola, restored in 2000 and 2019, by tiles from the construction period, as the plants have to grow again after the facility has been renovated . In Tel Aviv, such pergolas, which form acclimatization locks between a cool house and a hot street, are rare, unlike in Jerusalem. The pergola is slightly wider to the west than the western projection of the rear over the front wing and connects to the west wall to the east.

In the west corner of the two cuboids that make up the structure is the entrance that leads to the elegant staircase that forms the interface between the two cuboid structures. A clear glass front made of 16 square oak compartments, of which the door takes up twelve, forms the entrance to the stairwell, which was completed in 1936 and is characterized by preserved wall tiles, apartment doors with spies, handles and bell racks and, above all, the original terrazzo floors . Terrazzo floors are not only very durable and climate-effective, but also shape the appearance of every house with their individual coloring. The old wooden letterboxes also match the wooden compartments of the entrance, in the stairwell two tiles with a Villeroy & Boch name embossed on the back stand out, these 3D print replicas fill two gaps in the wall tiles that were created in 2017 and are another layer of the German-Israeli past.

The three-story house was originally divided into six spacious four-room apartments with the best amenities of the time: radiators, tiled bathrooms with bathtubs and shower cubicles, and modern kitchens with tiling in the style of the Frankfurt kitchen developed in Germany in 1926 . A fully functional, decorated safe, built-in cupboards typical of the time, original windows with handles and yellow-tiled balcony floors have been preserved. The roof forms a terrace with a small laundry house for hanging or dried laundry. At that time, it was not possible to build higher than three storeys including the ground floor, as the city's water supply could not carry water further up.

Garden behind the house

In view of the high property coverage, the unsealed garden area around the house is relatively small, as can be seen in the graphic in the photo. An ecological garden in the spirit of the garden city , when Tel Aviv was originally planned, was set up on the limited area . At the back of the garden is a gnarled red frangipani that Malkah Aschermann and granddaughter Daniela Di-Nur planted as a seedling in 1955.

The design of the entrance, the staircase, the drawn-in balconies and much more characterize the Beit Liebling as a building of the international style. For the architect Nachum Cohen, the favorite house impresses above all with the unique composition of the building on the relatively deep plot of land, the guidance of those entering through the pergola to the entrance, where the direction then rotates 90 ° and again opens the vertical. At the opening of the Lieblinghaus in 2019, Ada Karmi-Melamede remarked on living comfort that her father had built many houses at the beginning of his career and always tried to consider how future residents would live in them, which is why the houses and their apartments maintain human proportions. The high ceilings of the Beit Liebling are a typical feature of apartments for the middle class.

bibliography

  • Hadassah Aghion, Tel Aviv: Bauhaus & eclectic styles ['Tel Aviv: esprit Bauhaus et éclectisme', Paris: Marcus and Guysen, 2009, ISBN 978-2-7131-0284-4 ; Engl.], Lisa Maronese (transl.), Paris: Marcus, 2018, p. 59. ISBN 978-2-7131-0348-3
  • Christian Blatt ( Institute for Construction Materials , University of Stuttgart), Miriam Hohfeld (Federal Ministry of Construction ), Gereon Lindlar with Kornelius Götz (Office for Restoration Consulting, Bonn) and Dietlinde Schmitt-Vollmer (ifag, University of Stuttgart), White City of Tel Aviv: On the preservation of modern buildings in Israel and Germany , Federal Institute for Building, Urban and Spatial Research (Ed.), Troisdorf: Rautenberg, 2015. ISBN 978-3-87994-158-2
  • Sabine Brandes, “Construction for the Bauhaus Tel Aviv: Germany is funding the redevelopment of the White City with 2.8 million euros”, in: Jüdische Allgemeine Wochenzeitung , May 21, 2015, p. 5
  • Nitza Metzger-Szmuk (נִיצָה מֶצְגֶּר-סְמוּק), בָּתִּים מִן הָחוֹל: אַדְרִיכָלוּת הַסִּגְנוֹן הַבֵּינְלְאֻמִּי בְּתֵּל־אָבִיב - 1948–1931 , Tel Aviv-Jaffa:קֶרֶן תֵּל־אָבִיב לְפִתּוּחַ, 1994. ISBN 965-05-0724-8
  • Jochen Stahnke, “White City: 4,000 houses in Tel Aviv bear the Bauhaus brand”, in: Frankfurter Allgemeine Magazin , No. 10 'Hundred Years of Bauhaus' (October 2018), pp. 48–50
  • Claudia Stein, תֵּל אָבִיב - Tel Aviv: The Travel Guide , Norderstedt: Books on Demand, 2015. ISBN 978-3-7347-7431-7

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Sabine Brandes, “Construction for the Bauhaus Tel Aviv: Germany is funding the redevelopment of the White City with 2.8 million euros”, in: Jüdische Allgemeine Wochenzeitung , May 21, 2015, p. 5.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f White City Tel Aviv: For the preservation of modern buildings in Israel and Germany , Christian Blatt (Institute for Materials in Building, University of Stuttgart), Miriam Hohfeld (Federal Building Ministry), Gereon Lindlar with Kornelius Götz (Office for Restoration advice, Bonn) and Dietlinde Schmitt-Vollmer (ifag, Uni Stuttgart), Federal Institute for Building, Urban and Spatial Research (ed.), Troisdorf: Rautenberg, 2015, p. 23. ISBN 978-3-87994-158-2 .
  3. ↑ a b "About" . In: My Favorite House . Retrieved April 20, 2020.
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g Nitza Metzger-Szmuk (נִיצָה מֶצְגֶּר-סְמוּק), בָּתִּים מִן הָחוֹל: אַדְרִיכָלוּת הַסִּגְנוֹן הַבֵּינְלְאֻמִּי בְּתֵּל־אָבִיב - 1948–1931 , Tel Aviv-Jaffa:קֶרֶן תֵּל־אָבִיב לְפִתּוּחַ, 1994, p. 53. ISBN 965-05-0724-8 .
  5. ↑ Claudia Stein, תֵּל אָבִיב - Tel Aviv: The Travel Guide , Norderstedt: Books on Demand, 2015, p. 66. ISBN 978-3-7347-7431-7 .
  6. ↑ a b Michael Jacobson (מִיכָאֵל יַעֲקוֹבְּסוֹן), "הֲאִם הַפִּיגִּומִים הַגֶּרְמַנִיִּים הַיְּקָרִים וְהַבְּטִיחוּתִיִּים יַצִּילוּ אֶת פּוֹעֳלֵי הַבִּנְיָין?” ( Hebrew ) In: Xnet . February 22, 2019. Accessed April 24, 2020.
  7. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad Schulammit Widrich (שׁוּלַמִּית וִידְּרִיך): "בֵּית לִיבְּלִינְג" ( Hebrew ) In:תֵּל אָבִיב 100. הָאֶנְצִיקְלוֹפֶּדְיָה הָעִירוֹנִי. Link to the website . December 9, 2019. Accessed April 23, 2020.
  8. ^ Hadassah Aghion, Tel Aviv: Bauhaus & eclectic styles ['Tel Aviv: esprit Bauhaus et éclectisme', Paris: Marcus and Guysen, 2009, ISBN 978-2-7131-0284-4 ; Engl.], Lisa Maronese (transl.), Paris: Marcus, 2018, p. 59. ISBN 978-2-7131-0348-3 .
  9. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Christian Schönwetter, "Speaking contemporary witness: White City Center in Tel Aviv" . In:German Bauzeitung , no. 12 (2019). December 2, 2019. Accessed April 20, 2020.
  10. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z My Favorite House: הַתֹּכֶן הָרָאשִׁי ( Hebrew ) Accessed April 21, 2020.
  11. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w White City Tel Aviv: For the preservation of modern buildings in Israel and Germany , Christian Blatt ( Institute for Materials in Building , Uni Stuttgart), Miriam Hohfeld (Federal Building Ministry), Gereon Lindlar with Kornelius Götz (Office for Restoration Consulting, Bonn) and Dietlinde Schmitt-Vollmer (ifag, University of Stuttgart), Federal Institute for Building, Urban and Spatial Research (publisher), Troisdorf: Rautenberg , 2015, page number as indicated after the footnote number. ISBN 978-3-87994-158-2 .
  12. ↑ Nitza Metzger-Szmuk (נִיצָה מֶצְגֶּר-סְמוּק), Bauhaus Tel Aviv Site Plan / תֵּל־אָבִיב מַפַּת הָאֲתָרִים , Boʿaz Ben-Menasche (בֹּעַז בֶּן-מְנַשֶּׁה; Transl.), Tel Aviv-Jaffa:קֶרֶן תֵּל־אָבִיב לְפִתּוּחַ, 1994, section 4.
  13. ↑ "Decision Code: 27 COM 8C.23" , in: Decisions adopted by the 27th Sessions of the World Heritage Committee in 2003 (June 30 to July 5, 2003), World Heritage Committee (ed.), Paris: UNESCO World Heritage Center , 2003.
  14. ^ Yonatan Dubosarsky (יוֹנָתָן דּוּבֹּוֹסַרְסְקִי), "Beit Bialik: The home of the Israeli national poet", in: Ariel: A magazine for art and education in Israel , No. 104 (October 1997), pp. 16-27, here p. 25. ISSN  0004-1343 .
  15. ↑ a b “Germany giving $ 3.2M to help Tel Aviv preserve Bauhaus buildings” (English) , in: Jewish Telegraphic Agency . July 12, 2015. Accessed April 21, 2020. 
  16. ↑ a b Gunda Achterhold, "A network for the 'White City': German and Israeli conservationists are committed to preserving the Bauhaus architecture in Tel Aviv" . In: Your link to Germany: Information, service, dialogue - that's how Germany works . March 24, 2014. Accessed April 21, 2020.
  17. ↑ a b Will Speros, “Germany Donated $ 3.2 Million to Restore the World's Largest Collection of Bauhaus Buildings” ( English ) In: Architectural Digest . May 20, 2015. Accessed April 23, 2020.
  18. ↑ a b c d e בֵּית לִיבְּלִינְג - מֶרְכַּז הָעִיר הַלְּבָנָה . Retrieved April 22, 2020.
  19. ↑ a b c Jochen Stahnke, "White City: 4000 houses in Tel Aviv carry the Bauhaus brand", in: Frankfurter Allgemeine Magazin , No. 10 'Hundert Jahre Bauhaus' (October 2018), pp. 48–50, here p. 50.
  20. ↑ a b c d e f Jonat Nachmani (יוֹנָת נָחֲמָנִי): "בֵּית אָב: בֵּית לִיבְּלִינְג יַעֲמוֹד בְּמֶרְכַּז חֲגִיגוֹת הַ־ 100 לַבָּאוּהָאוּס” ( Hebrew ) In: כַּלְכָּלִיסְט . September 11, 2019. Retrieved April 22, 2020.
  21. ↑ a b c d e White City Tel Aviv: For the preservation of modern buildings in Israel and Germany , Christian Blatt (Institute for Materials in Building, University of Stuttgart), Miriam Hohfeld (Federal Ministry of Construction), Gereon Lindlar with Kornelius Götz (Office for Restoration Advice , Bonn) and Dietlinde Schmitt-Vollmer (ifag, Uni Stuttgart), Federal Institute for Building, Urban and Spatial Research (ed.), Troisdorf: Rautenberg, 2015, p. 24. ISBN 978-3-87994-158-2 .
  22. ↑ a b c d e White City Tel Aviv: For the preservation of modern buildings in Israel and Germany , Christian Blatt (Institute for Materials in Building, University of Stuttgart), Miriam Hohfeld (Federal Ministry of Construction), Gereon Lindlar with Kornelius Götz (Office for Restoration Advice , Bonn) and Dietlinde Schmitt-Vollmer (ifag, Uni Stuttgart), Federal Institute for Building, Urban and Spatial Research (ed.), Troisdorf: Rautenberg, 2015, p. 25. ISBN 978-3-87994-158-2 .
  23. ↑ Justine Testado, “The Getty Foundation selects the first 10 modern projects to receive grants in worldwide preservation effort” (English) , in: Archinect: Connecting architects since 1997 . September 10, 2014. Accessed April 23, 2020. 
  24. ↑ Alexandria Sivak, "The Getty Foundation Announces Major Philanthropic Initiative Focused On Conserving 20th Century Architecture" (English) , Getty Foundation. Retrieved April 23, 2020. 
  25. ↑ "Visitor Center for the White City: Darling House Opens in Tel Aviv" . In: BauNetz . September 26, 2019. Accessed April 20, 2020.
  26. ↑ a b Jochen Stahnke, “White City: 4000 houses in Tel Aviv carry the Bauhaus brand”, in: Frankfurter Allgemeine Magazin , No. 10 'Hundert Jahre Bauhaus' (October 2018), pp. 48–50, here p. 49 .
  27. ↑ Nitza Metzger-Szmuk (נִיצָה מֶצְגֶּר-סְמוּק), בָּתִּים מִן הָחוֹל: אַדְרִיכָלוּת הַסִּגְנוֹן הַבֵּינְלְאֻמִּי בְּתֵּל־אָבִיב - 1948–1931 , Tel Aviv-Jaffa:קֶרֶן תֵּל־אָבִיב לְפִתּוּחַ, 1994, p. 55. ISBN 965-05-0724-8 .
  28. ↑ Naʿama Riba (נַעֲמָה רִיבָּה), "שִׁמּוּר בַּר־הַשָּׂגָה וְרַב־שִכְבָתִי בְּ"בֵית לִיבְּלִינְג "“ ( Hebrew ) In: הָאָרֶץ . September 18, 2019. Accessed April 23, 2020.
  29. ↑ אוֹדוֹת בֵּית לִיבְּלִינְג - מֶרְכַּז הָעִיר הַלְּבָנָה( Hebrew ) Retrieved April 24, 2020.
  30. ↑ Rachel Neiman (רָחֵל נֶיְמָן), “Love wins the day in fight to preserve 26 trees in Jaffa” ( English ) In: Israel21c: Uncovering Israel . November 5, 2018. Accessed April 24, 2020.

Web links

Commons : Beit Liebling  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files