Chudeřín (Litvínov)
| Chudeřín | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Ústecký kraj | ||||
| District : | Must | ||||
| Municipality : | Litvínov | ||||
| Area : | 157.4299 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 36 ' N , 13 ° 36' E | ||||
| Height: | 320 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 1,384 (2011) | ||||
| Postal code : | 436 01 - 436 03 | ||||
| License plate : | U | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: | Horní Litvínov - Horní Jiřetín | ||||
Chudeřín ( German Bergesgrün , until 1911 Bettelgrün ) is a district of Litvínov in the Czech Republic .
geography
Chudeřín is located immediately west of Horní Litvínov and forms with this, Hamr and Janov a closed settlement area. The location extends between the brooks Zálužský potok ( Launitzbach ) and Bílý potok ( Weißbach , formerly the Gold River ) at the southern foot of the Ore Mountains in the North Bohemian Basin . To the west rises the Lounický Kopec (442 m) and in the northwest of the Lounický vrch (535 m).
Neighboring towns are Horní Ves , Šumná and Meziboří in the north, Horní Litvínov in the east, Louka u Litvínova and Dolní Litvínov in the south-east, Záluží in the south, Horní Jiřetín in the south-west, Hamr and Křížatky in the west and Písečná and Lounice in the north-west. On the southwestern edge of the village are the ponds Šedák I ( Dehmelteich ), Šedák II, Nová Chudeřínská ( spindle pond) and Rudý Sever.
history
The first written mention of the village Wybelgrune belonging to the giant castle was in 1398 when the brothers Borso d. Ä. and Borso d. J. von Riesenburg sold the rule Riesenburg to the Margrave Wilhelm I of Meissen . In the Treaty of Eger , through which the rule Riesenburg came back to the Kingdom of Bohemia in 1459, the village was called Betlgrin . Later the village was attached to the rule of Oberleutensdorf . In 1642 the Counts of Waldstein inherited the rule. In 1680 Johann Friedrich von Waldstein raised the lordships of Dux and Oberleutensdorf to a family affide . Later names of the village were Bettelgrüne and Bettelgrüna .
In 1831, Bettelgrüna consisted of 39 houses with 238 German-speaking residents, most of whom lived from agriculture and forestry. Parish was Ober-Leitensdorf . Until the middle of the 19th century, Bettelgrüna remained subject to the Fideikommissherrschaft Dux .
After the abolition of patrimonial , Bettelgrüna formed a district of the market community from 1850, and from 1852 the municipality of Oberleutensdorf in the Leitmeritz district and judicial district of Dux. The village had 591 inhabitants. From 1868 the village belonged to the Brüx district . In the second half of the 19th century, some of the residents of the village earned their living from wage labor in the Oberleutensdorf textile factories. Between Bettelgrüna and Hammer, the “Morgenstern” underground lignite mine went into operation in 1870. In the years 1871 to 1872, the Dux-Bodenbacher Eisenbahn extended the Bodenbach-Dux railway to Komotau . In the course of the construction of the new railway line, which ran south of Bettelgrün , the first Czech workers came to the village. The industrial boom and the start of intensive lignite mining in the North Bohemian Basin at the end of the 19th century led to a population explosion. In 1896 the village received a water supply. Along the road to Oberleutensdorf, a closed development to the east was created from the old village center on the Launitzbach, which seamlessly merged into the town of Oberleutensdorf at the corridor border on the Weißbach. Many Czech miners who had found work in the shafts of the Brucher Coal Works and the North Bohemian Coal Works Company settled with their families. In 1888 a (German) volunteer fire brigade was formed. In 1900 a Czech school was set up in house No. 104 on the White Column. Due to the lack of space, the 142 children were taught in two shifts. On August 5, 1901, the Brüxer Strassenbahn- und Elektrizitäts-Gesellschaft AG began operating the Brüx - Johnsdorf electric overland tram , which served four stops in Bettelgrün . In 1902 it was connected to the power supply. From 1904 the Czech children were taught in the new Czech school in Oberleutensdorf.
In 1903 the place broke away from Oberleutensdorf and formed its own community. In 1905, Bettelgrün was assigned to the newly formed judicial district of Oberleutensdorf. In 1907 the new German school was completed. The 1906 application of the municipality to change the name Bettelgrün , which was perceived as offensive , was granted in 1911, and the new municipality name was henceforth Bergesgrün . A cemetery with a basilica-like chapel was built in 1909 at the western end of the village. In 1913 the community received a post office and a gendarmerie station, and a sewerage system was also built. The Czech Voluntary Fire Brigade was founded in 1924. In 1930 there were 2,054 Germans and 1,583 Czechs living in the community. As a result of the Munich Agreement , the village was added to the German Reich in 1938 and the Wehrmacht invaded on October 9, 1938. In 1939 there were 2961 people in Bergesgrün. Bergesgrün was incorporated into Oberleutensdorf in 1943 and belonged to the district of Brüx until 1945 . After the end of the Second World War, Chudeřín came back to Czechoslovakia and the German-Bohemian population was expelled . The incorporation was canceled after the end of the war, but in 1947 the new incorporation took place after Horní Litvínov. The former German school had to be demolished in 1947 due to mountain damage. The last burial in the cemetery took place in 1948. After the name of the town Horní Litvínov in Litvínov, the district was temporarily called Litvínov III from 1949 . In the 1950s the důl Rudý sever opencast mine was operated to the southwest. A new elementary school was built behind the cemetery in 1959. Because of the construction of a new road and the vocational school in Hamr, the cemetery was devastated in the 1960s.
Development of the population
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Attractions
- Gasthof U Hrušků , he is the oldest inn in Litvínov. Behind it is a beech grove that was laid out in 1898 in honor of Emperor Franz Joseph I.
- Bílý sloup , the 3.50 m high historical milestone was located in Chudeřín until 1925 and was demolished for the construction of house No. 217. Two of the three segments were later erected as bollards on the road to Klíny, the third is missing. In 2005 the original location could be determined. The milestone is now in Horní Litvínov.
- Water tower, built in 1896
- Memorial stone in memory of the fallen heroes of 1848 and 1866, the simple pyramid-shaped monument made of marble was erected in honor of Emperor Franz Joseph I by the War Veterans Association and unveiled in 1898. It is located in the center of the village across from the former municipal office on the premises of the Eben carpentry workshop. The broken marble body was replaced by a replica in 2010.
- Memorial stone for the fallen of the First World War, unveiled in 1928. It originally also carried a bronze eagle. The memorial plaque and the Austrian cross were reassembled in 2012.
Sons and daughters of the place
- August Wilhelm Dressler (1886–1970), German painter
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi/686158/Chuderin-u-Litvinova
- ↑ a b Historický lexikon obcí České republiky - 1869-2015. Český statistický úřad, December 18, 2015, accessed on February 17, 2016 (Czech).
- ↑ Johann Gottfried Sommer The Kingdom of Bohemia, Vol. 1 Leitmeritzer Kreis, 1833, p. 143
- ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. District of Brüx (Czech. Most). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ http://litvinov.sator.eu/ategorie/litvinov/v-castech-obce/chuderin/detektivka-kolem-bileho-sloupu
- ↑ http://litvinov.sator.eu/ategorie/litvinov/v-castech-obce/chuderin/pomnik-padlym-z-let-1848-1866-v-chuderine
- ↑ http://litvinov.sator.eu/ategorie/litvinov/v-castech-obce/chuderin/pomnik-obetem-i-svetove-valky-v-chuderine
