Braunsberg (Rheinsberg)

Braunsberg City of Rheinsberg Coordinates: 53 ° 3 ′ 0 ″  N , 12 ° 50 ′ 15 ″  E
Height :	78 m
Area :	10.73 km²
Postal code :	16818
Area code :	033929
Location of Braunsberg in Brandenburg
View of Braunsberg

Braunsberg is a district of the city of Rheinsberg in the Ostprignitz-Ruppin district (Brandenburg). The medieval village was in the 14./15. Century. It was rebuilt at the beginning of the 16th century. This village was completely destroyed in the Thirty Years War . It was not until 1699 that the village was rebuilt by the Palatinate and French colonists.

geography

Braunsberg is about 6.5 km southwest of Rheinsberg and approx. 14 km north-northeast of Neuruppin . The district borders in the north on the district of Zühlen and the town of Rheinsberg, in the east on the district of Heinrichsdorf and the district of Zechow , in the south on the district of Schwanow and the town of Neuruppin, and in the west on the district of Gühlen -Glienecke (formerly in the Binenwalde district ). The place can be reached via smaller roads from Rheinsberg, Zühlen, Binenwalde and Schwanow. There are no running waters in the district. In the southeastern edge of the town center near the road to Schwanow there is a small pond, two very small ponds are in the local area. The place is 78  m above sea level. NHN . The highest point of the district is 96  m above sea level. NHN , the deepest points at about 78  m above sea level. NHN .

history

The place is mentioned for the first time in 1524. At that time Braunsberg was a desert field mark. In 1753 the colony of Binenwalde was established on the western part of the desert Feldmark Braunsberg, the area was separated from Braunsberg. The historical local lexicon describes the village structure of Braunsberg as a wide, irregular street village with a large village pool in the middle of the street. In more recent times the development has continued or increased along the road to Tornow that bends south . Elżbieta Foster derives the name from a Middle Low German first name Brun, i.e. the place (on / on a mountain) of a Brun. But she noticed that the formation of a place name with the syllable -berg is unusual.

The village laid out in the course of the German settlement in the east fell in the 14th / 15th centuries. Century desolate. The exact time and causes of the abandonment of the village are unknown due to the lack of documents. At the time of the first mention, Braunsberg was a desert field mark .

Braunsberg on the Urmes table sheets 2942 (Zühlen) and 2943 (Rheinsberg) from 1825

The new village from 1540

In 1540 the Feldmark was repopulated; Braunsberg is described as a new village in a document. The Schulze, new farmers and a cowherd lived in this new village; there was also a jug. The owners and initiators of the re-establishment were those of Lohe, who were already beneficiaries of the desolate Feldmark. In 1580 a shepherd and a shepherd also used the field mark. In 1624 Braunsberg still belonged to the von Lohe family, there were 14 hüfner , 6 kossät , a tenant shepherd, a shepherd and a herdsman living in the village . There were 30 hooves on the field . The von Lohe knight's seat included two knight's hooves (free hooves) that had been freely approved by von Lohe in 1620 . A Kossät also belonged to the von Lohe manor.

At the age of thirty the village and the manor were completely burned down in 1627. The peasants and cottagers left the village or died. In 1652 the village and manor had not yet been rebuilt. The Landreiter reported: In Braunsberge. Belonging to Joachim von Lohe, has not been a human for many years and completely burned down by the imperial army in 1627 and until then deserted. Before that time, 14 Hüfner and 6 Cossaten lived there. The knight's seat is still standing, but is completely ruined and is tending to fall. In 1675 the manor was again affected by the Swedish invasion.

In 1677 the tax authorities tried to buy the von Lohe family's estate. In 1676 the estate was already valued. However, it was probably not sold after all. In 1687 the estate was back in operation, the village was still desolate. The estate had an annual sowing of 3 bison 12 bushels of winter cereals and 2 bisons 1 bushel of summer cereals. However, only two fields were sown. The field was mediocre, but still produced the fourth grain. There was good pasture that allowed some livestock to be raised. But there were no meadows. There were oaks and beeches in the woods, so pig fattening was possible. Fishing was not possible, there was enough firewood for that. Theoretically there were 30 hooves, two of which were tax and duty-free ( approved ). After Bratring , the Braunsberg manor fell back to the Elector in 1696 and was subordinated to the Alt Ruppin office. In 1698 the Schulzenhof and the Krug existed. Only 250 sheep were kept, most of the pastures were completely overgrown. Also only 10 cows were kept instead of the possible number of 30 cows because there was a lack of meadows and hay.

The new village of the Palatinate and French colonists (1699)

In 1699 the village was repopulated with 12 families by Palatine and French colonists. The Lehnschulze and 12 farmers had 28 hooves, plus two parish hooves.

In 1713, a lime kiln was set up on the northern bank of the Kalksee on the Braunsberg field. So-called meadow limes were burned in the lime kiln . This part of the district was separated in 1753 and assigned to the Binenwalde colony. In 1716, eleven hoof farmers and a cowherd lived in the village without cattle. He looked after the cattle of the hoof farmers. A base rate of 6 groschen per hoof was payable to the office for the 28 hooves. In 1722 there were even 13 farmers, two housekeepers and a shepherd in the village. The (richer) farmers even had seven male servants and one maid in the service. A total of 94 people already lived in Braunsberg.

In 1723 there was a brewery in Braunsberg. In 1737 the brewer asked Niquet to reduce the interest rate. In 1740 the old Pottaschehütte and the associated buildings in Braunsberg were sold to the widowed forester Schott. In 1749 Braunsberg was hit by a severe cattle disease.

In 1764 Braunsberg was separated from the Alt Ruppin office and assigned to the Zechlin office . Interestingly, Braunsberg had two Schulzen, one Lehnschulzen and one Setzschulzen. The Lehnschulze farmed four Hufen, the Setzschulze two Hufen like the other eleven full farmers. Ten Büdner also lived in the village. The parish was already set up, as was the sextonry. There were also shepherds' houses. A total of 26 residential buildings, 14 barns, 28 stables and eight adjoining houses were in Braunsberg. In 1783 there were disputes between the community of Braunsberg and the Neuruppin Treasury. In the same year a French Reformed school was set up in Braunsberg.

Johann Ernst Fabri wrote Braunsberg in 1797 as a royal village with 27 fireplaces . It had 165 inhabitants in 1767 and 211 inhabitants in 1785.

The sowing was in 1796 16 bisons 8 bushels of rye, 4 bisons 16 bushels of barley, 11 bisons 20 bushels of oats, 20 bushels of peas, 18 bisons of 8 bushels of potatoes, 5 bisons of 12 bushels of buckwheat and 15 bushels of flaxseed . 29 acres of fields were planted with tobacco and 8 acres with clover. The pasture was bad back then and there was no meadow. The livestock population was comparatively small for the large village with 28 horses, 147 head of cattle, 692 sheep and 119 pigs. A small beech forest could hardly meet the need for firewood. The annual taxes amounted to 48 Reichstaler 22 Groschen contribution, 26 Reichstaler 14 Groschen Kavalleriegeld and 4 Reichstaler 21 Groschen butcher's grain money. The 31 fireplaces (residential buildings) were insured for 11,700 thalers. Among the 251 residents in 1798 were 10 Büdner, 19 residents, a shepherd, three linen weavers and a tailor. Bratring puts the number of servants at 42. Bratring noted at the time that only a few could understand French.

In 1801 Friedrich Wilhelm Bratring describes the village as follows: Village, established in 1699 with Palatine and French. A Lehnschulze, 12 whole farmers, 10 Büdner, 22 residents, jug . It had 31 fire pits (residential buildings) and 257 residents. The field marrow was divided into 28 hooves. Braunsberg was then under the Zechlin office .

In 1805 there were floods in Braunsberg. In 1810 Braunsberg, Dierberg and Zechow were hit by severe storms with hail; the three communities were compensated for the hail damage. In 1816 Braunsberg was hit again by a flood. In 1837 the right to guard the inheritance of Binenwalde was replaced on the Braunsberg field mark.

In 1840 40 residential buildings were counted. In 1860 there were three public buildings, 45 residential buildings and 67 farm buildings in Braunsberg. The total area of ​​Braunsberg added up to 4,145 acres, including 7 acres of homesteads, 50 acres of garden land, 3,983 acres of arable land and 105 acres of forest. There were 31 horses, 128 cattle and 856 sheep. The police administration was at the Zechlin Office.

In 1871 there were 41 residential buildings in Braunsberg. By 1881 a windmill had been built about 500 meters west of the town center and a little north of the road from Braunsberg to Binenwalde. In 1891 there were 14 larger landowners in Braunsberg, the Schulze (with 76 hectares of land), two farmers and innkeepers (81 and 42 hectares), ten farmers (with 93, 88, 78, 71, 70, 70, 68, 64, 57 and 52 hectares) and the cantor with 6.5 hectares. In 1900 there were 60 houses in Braunsberg.

Population development in Braunsberg from 1722 to 2002
year	1722	1767	1787	1798	1801	1817	1840	1858	1867	1875	1895	1910	1925	1939	1946	1950	1964	1971	1981	1991	2002
Residents	94	165	211	251	257	275	249	370	352	307	314	308	287	298	357	324	228	197	170	165	181

In the 1946 land reform, only 3 hectares were expropriated and distributed to two settlers. In 1953 the first LPG type I (LPG type I freedom) was formed with seven members and 69.47 hectares of agricultural land. In 1954 the LPG was converted from Type I to Type III. By 1960, another type I LPG had been founded with 27 members, which farmed 240.05 hectares of land. The LPG Type III Freiheit had 45 members and managed 343.35 hectares. In 1971 the two LPGs were merged and together they farmed 623 hectares of usable area.

Church affiliation

The older village, built in 1540, was provided by the pastor in Zühlen. The newer village, built in 1699, received a French Reformed pastor's position. The German Reformed in Braunsberg formed a branch church to the Linow parish. Two parish hooves belonged to the parish in Braunsberg.

House Listed house in Braunsberg, Dorfstr. 22nd

Braunsberg village church

Communal affiliation

With the formation of the administrative districts in the province of Brandenburg in 1874, the community of Braunsberg was assigned to the administrative district 17 Linow, together with the rural communities of Kagar , Linow , Wallitz (with the Uhlenberge establishment and the Kunkelberg colony ), Zühlen and Schwanow and the estate districts of Möckern and Schwanow. Schulze Henning in Linow was elected as head of office, and landowner Krämer in Möckern as his deputy.

On October 26, 2003 Braunsberg was incorporated into the city of Rheinsberg. Since then Braunsberg has been part of the city of Rheinsberg.

Monuments

The list of monuments of the state of Brandenburg for the district of Ostprignitz-Ruppin lists the following monuments:

• No. 09170245 Dorfstrasse: Village church with enclosure
• No. 09171255 Dorfstraße 22: residential building

literature

• Lieselott Enders : Historical local dictionary for Brandenburg, part II Ruppin . 327 p., Hermann Böhlaus successor, Weimar 1972 (in the following abbreviated to Enders, Historisches Ortslexikon, Ruppin, with corresponding page number).

Individual evidence

1. ^ Elżbieta Foster: Brandenburg Name Book Part II The place names of the state of Ruppin. 258 p., Verlag Hermann Böhlaus successor Weimar 1998 (p. 47)
2. ^ ^{A b} Dieter Zühlke (arrangement) / collective of authors: Ruppiner Land: Results of the local history inventory in the areas of Zühlen, Dierberg, Neuruppin and Lindow . 202 p., Berlin: Akademie-Verlag 1981. (Values ​​of our homeland - local history inventory in the German D. Republic; 37), p. 72–73.
3. ^ Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv: Online research: Taxation of the manor of the gentlemen v. Lohen in Braunsberg. 1676
4. ^ Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv: Online research: Archenbau zu Rottstiel, construction of the fulling mill at Zippelsförde and the lime kiln at Braunsberg. 1713
5. ^ Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv: Online research: Buildings and repairs at the office and Vorwerk, from the mills, the brewery in Braunsberg and the jug in Herzberg. 1723
6. ↑ Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv: Online research: Request from Krüger Niquet zu Braunsberg to reduce the interest rate. 1737
7. ^ Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv: Online research: Sale of the former old Pottaschhütte and the associated buildings in Braunsberg to the widowed forester Schott. 1740
8. ^ ^{A b} Friedrich Wilhelm August Bratring: The Graffschaft Ruppin in historical, statistical and geographical terms: a contribution to the customer of the Mark Brandenburg. XIV, 618 S., Berlin, Haym, 1799 Online at Google Books , p. 497.
9. ^ Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv: Online research: Guard disputes between the Braunsberg community and the Neuruppin treasury. 1783
10. ^ Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv: Online research: establishment of the French Reformed school and occupation of the teaching and sexton position in Braunsberg. 1783
11. ^ ^{A b} Johann Ernst Fabri: Improvements and supplements in respect of the Graffschaft Ruppin. On the Büsching topography of the Mark Brandenburg. Magazine for Geography, Political Science and History, 3: 271-311, Nuremberg, Raspesche Buchhandlung, 1797 Online at Google Books , p. 292
12. ^ Friedrich Wilhelm August Bratring: Statistical-topographical description of the entire Mark Brandenburg. First volume. The general introduction to the Kurmark, containing the Altmark and Prignitz. XVIII, 494 pp., Berlin, Maurer, 1804 Online at Google Books , p. 58.
13. ^ Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv: Online research: Floods in the village of Braunsberg. 1805
14. ^ Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv: Online research: hail damage remission for the municipalities of Braunsberg, Dierberg and Zechow. 1810
15. ^ Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv: Online research: Flood in Braunsberg. 1816
16. ^ Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv: Online research: Replacement of the guardianship right of the Binenwalde inherited interest on the Braunsberg field mark. 1837
17. ↑ August von Sellentin: Topographical-statistical overview of the government district of Potsdam and the city of Berlin: Compiled from official sources. 292 p., Verlag der Sander'schen Buchhandlung, 1841 Central and State Library Berlin: Link to the digitized version (p. 139)
18. ↑ ^{a b} Royal Statistical Bureau: The municipalities and manor districts of the Prussian state and their population. According to the original materials of the general census of December 1, 1871. II. The Province of Brandenburg. Verlag des Königlich Statischen Bureau, Berlin 1873 Online at Google Books , p. 86.
19. ↑ Enders, Historisches Ortslexikon, Ruppin, pp. 20–22.
20. ↑ Ortschafts = directory of the government = district of Potsdam according to the latest district division from 1817, with a note of the district to which the place previously belonged, the quality, number of people, confession, ecclesiastical circumstances, owner and address, along with an alphabetical register . Georg Decker, Berlin 1817 (without pagination) online at Google Books
21. ↑ Contribution to the statistics of the State Office for Data Processing and Statistics. Historical community directory of the State of Brandenburg 1875 to 2005 October 19, district of Ostprignitz-Ruppin PDF
22. ^ Official Journal of the Royal Government of Potsdam and the City of Berlin, Supplement to Part 24 of the Official Gazette of June 12, 1874, p. 8. Online at Google Books
23. ^ Service portal of the state administration of the state of Brandenburg: City of Rheinsberg
24. ↑ List of monuments of the state of Brandenburg: Landkreis Ostprignitz-Ruppin (PDF) Brandenburg State Office for Monument Preservation and State Archaeological Museum