Brunward

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Brunward (* unknown; † January 14, 1238 ) was canon in the Schwerin cathedral chapter from 1178 to 1191 and bishop in Schwerin from 1191 to 1238 . He took over the official business immediately after the death of his predecessor Berno .

Life

Brunward came from a German family who were counted among the ministerial , presumably the Negendank knight family from Lower Saxony who immigrated to Mecklenburg .

Brunward was probably a relatively young canon in the Schwerin cathedral chapter, because he was named as canon as early as 1178. In 1191 he had meanwhile advanced to the dignity of cathedral dean.

After the death of Bishop Bernos in 1191 there were difficulties with the appointment of a successor to the supremacy in the diocesan area. Because Brunwards took office with the help of the Mecklenburg princes Heinrich Borwin I and Nikolaus I against the Hamburg cathedral provost Hermann von Schwerin , son of the first Schwerin Count Gunzelin von Hagen and Count von Schwerin, enforced. The dispute over his choice was recognized as a compromise by the cathedral chapter after consulting an arbitration court on June 18, 1195 in Boizenburg , but was only finally confirmed on March 15, 1218 after an arbitration judgment by the Lübeck Bishop Berthold. The arbitral tribunal included the Bishop Isfried von Ratzeburg , Abbot Arnold von St. Johannes zu Lübeck and the Lübeck Canon Hermann. Pope Celestine III, too . finally recognized Brunward as bishop in 1195. The reception of episcopal ordination and the assumption of episcopal jurisdiction remain unclear.

In the years after 1218, Bishop Brunward earned great merits in founding monasteries and expanding the ecclesiastical organization in his diocese with the establishment of further churches. Brunward founded more monasteries than any other bishop in the Schwerin diocese. On October 1, 1219, Prince Heinrich Borwin I founded and confirmed with Bishop Brunward the small convent of women religious in the New Monastery of St. Maria in Sonnekamp . In 1219, Bishop Brunward confirmed the founding and dedication of the Sonnenkamp Monastery ( Neukloster ) and, as a benefactor, awarded the tithe in the monastery area. On June 7, 1222, the Antonite monastery at Tempzin followed , right on the border of the Stiftsland. The Antonius Hospital became an important base for Christian patient care. The collegiate chapter of Güstrow founded by Prince Heinrich Borwin I on June 3, 1229 , which at that time still belonged to the Schwerin diocese, was confirmed by Bishop Brunward on April 27, 1226. Pope Gregory IX called the collegiate chapter already belonging to Cammin.

The pontificate of Brunwards was marked by struggles over the course of the common borders of the diocese and so there were frequent disputes with the neighboring dioceses of Cammin and Havelberg . Even the papal curia had vague ideas about the real legal relationships, the borders of the ecclesiastical provinces and the borders of the diocese. Document manipulations that took place during these times did not allow objective assessments.

The monastery Doberan was allowed to enjoy multiple special characters episcopal benevolence. Brunward was able to consecrate the first church in Doberan on October 3, 1232 in the presence of the papal legate Bishop Baldwin of Semigallia, the bishops Johannes von Lübeck and Petrus von Ratzeburg as well as the abbots from Dargun , Dünamünde and Lübeck and other personalities, including three Mecklenburg princes. After donations of tithes to Neuenkamp Monastery in 1231, the Rühn Monastery was founded in 1232 . On May 14, 1233 Archbishop Gerhard II of Bremen was able to confirm the new Benedictine monastery, which was granted by Brunward on July 8, 1233. At the Benedictine monastery Dobbertin Brunward worked as a diocesan bishop. On August 28, 1227, Prince Johann and Nikolaus confirmed the ownership of the property to the monastery. On October 27, 1234, Bishop Brunward granted the free choice of provost and prioress in the monastery, which has now been converted into a nunnery.

Bishop Brunward supported the Franciscan convent in Schwerin. In 1236 they did not yet have a church, but they did have a cemetery in fratrum cimiterio . Brunward gave the Countess Audacia and her four daughters permission to receive the sacraments and to request a funeral from the Franciscans.

Worth mentioning in the administration of Bishop Brunwards are his efforts to consolidate the monastery land around Bützow and Warin with both episcopal residences and the collegiate churches in Bützow and Warin founded there during his reign . Bützow received a second priest on January 24, 1229 and Warin was placed under the archdeaconate of the provost of the Rühn monastery on July 8, 1229. Under Brunward, the district was gradually divided into archdeaconate districts and numerous episcopal tasks were assigned to the archdeacons.

Bishop Brunward was a capable and worthy representative of his class, who had lived up to his calling despite heavy burdens in politically troubled times and who can be counted among the greats among the Schwerin bishops. He died on January 14, 1238, where he was buried remains unknown.

seal

Three seals are known from Bishop Brunward .

In the first seal, Brunward carried the image of a bishop enthroned with ornate side rests, the crook in his right hand and a book in his left hand on his knee.

In the second parabolic seal, the bishop sits on an unadorned armchair, the bishop's staff in his right hand and a book in his outstretched left hand. The inscription reads: + BRUNWARDUS DI GRA ZWERINENSIS EPC.

The third seal is similar to the second, but has a finer finish. The bishop is holding the book in front of his left breast with his left hand. The inscription reads: + BRUNWARDUS DEI GRA ZWERINENSIS EPC.

The bishop's seal hangs on red and yellow silk threads, the colors of the later diocese coat of arms, on documents nos. 411 and 429 .

Literature and Sources

literature

  • Adolf Grimm: The Mecklenburg Church under Bishop Brunward . In: Contributions to the history of Mecklenburg , I. 1872.
  • Alfred Rische: Directory of the bishops and canons of Schwerin with biographical remarks. Ludwigslust 1900 p. 12.
  • Gerhard Müller-Alpermann: Status and origin of the bishops of the Magdeburg and Hamburg church provinces in the Middle Ages . Prenzlau 1930.
  • Karl Schmaltz : Church history of Mecklenburg. I. 1935.
  • Karl Jordan: The founding of the diocese of Henry the Lion . Leipzig 1939.
  • Wilhelm Biereye: Bishop Brunward von Schwerin , In: Mecklenburgisches Jahrbuch MJB 98 (1943). Digitized
  • Hans-Joachim Freytag:  Brunward. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 2, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1955, ISBN 3-428-00183-4 , p. 689 ( digitized version ).
  • Josef Traeger : The bishops of the medieval diocese of Schwerin. St. Benno Verlag, Leipzig 1984.
  • Josef Traeger: The Bishops of the Diocese of Schwerin , In: The Stiftsland of the Schwerin bishops around Bützow and Warin . St. Benno Verlag Leipzig 1984.
  • Margit Kaluza-Baumruker: The Schwerin Cathedral Chapter (1171–1400). Cologne, Vienna 1987 pp. 59, 179.
  • Grete Grewolls: Brunward , In: Wer war wer in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (1995) p. 71.
  • Clemens Brodkorb: Brunward , In: 1198 to 1448 (2001) pp. 700-707.
  • Grete Grewolls: Brunward , In: Who was who in Mecklenburg and Western Pomerania (2011).

Printed sources

Web links

Commons : Brunward  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Gerhard Müller-Alpermann: Status and origin of the bishops of the Magdeburg and Hamburg church provinces in the Middle Ages. 1930 p. 87.
  2. ^ Karl Schmaltz: Church history of Mecklenburg. I. 1935 p. 92. suspects him to be a friar Bishop Bernos from Amelungsborn.
  3. ↑ MUB I. (1863) No. 421, 440.
  4. ↑ MUB I. (1863) No. 125.
  5. ↑ MUB I. (1863) No. 158.
  6. ↑ MJB 98 (1943) p. 105.
  7. ↑ Margit Kaluza-Baumruker: List of deans . In: Das Schweriner Domkapitel (1171–1400) pp. 59, 179. Exact details of his term of office as dean cannot be given.
  8. ↑ MUB I. (1863) No. 152, 158.
  9. ↑ MUB I. (1863) No. 240.
  10. ↑ MUB I. (1863) No. 237.
  11. ^ Josef Traeger: The bishops of the medieval diocese Schwerin , 1984 p. 34. Josef Traeger: St. Maria im Sonnenkamp . The foundation date of the women's monastery. In: Cistercienserchronik 1970.
  12. ↑ MUB I. (1863) No. 254, 255.
  13. ↑ MUB I. (1863) No. 282.
  14. ↑ MUB I. (1863) No. 323, 331, 368.
  15. ↑ MUB I. (1863) No. 378.
  16. ↑ Friedrich Salis: Die Schweriner Fälchungen , I. 1908, p. 273 ff.
  17. ↑ MUB I. (1863) No. 380, 406, 462.
  18. ↑ MUB I. (1863) No. 406.
  19. ↑ MUB I. (1863) No. 398, 417.
  20. ↑ MUB I. (1863) No. 343, 425.
  21. ↑ Ingo Ulpts: Die Bettelorden in Mecklenburg , 1995 pp. 23–34.
  22. ↑ MJB VIII. (1843) p. 11.
  23. ↑ MUB I. (1863) No. 411.
  24. ↑ MUB I. (1863) No. 429.
predecessor Office successor
Berno Bishop of Schwerin
1191 - 1238 		Friedrich I of Hagen
personal data
SURNAME Brunward
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Bishop of Mecklenburg
DATE OF BIRTH 12th Century
DATE OF DEATH January 14, 1238
Place of death Schwerin