Kyšperk Castle
| Kyšperk Castle | ||
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 Remnants of the walls of Kyšperk Castle. |
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| Alternative name (s): | Geiersburg | |
| Creation time : | 14th century | |
| Castle type : | Hilltop castle | |
| Conservation status: | ruin | |
| Place: | Krupka | |
| Geographical location | 50 ° 41 '44 " N , 13 ° 53' 21" E | |
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The Kyšperk Castle (German: Geiersburg ) is located in Okres Teplice in the Eastern Ore Mountains in the Czech Republic .
The ruins of the hilltop castle are located on a high mountain spur above the village of Unčín ( Hohenstein ), a district of Krupka ( Graupen ). Parts of the castle tower, remains of the palace and the castle wall have been preserved. Immediately past the castle, the Dresden-Teplitzer Poststrasse once led across the Ore Mountains to Saxony . A special feature was the round tower that stood apart from the castle.
The place is said to have been a border control point as early as 800 AD. 805 and 806 which are Biliner Župane mentioned as lords of the vulture castle, which kept the place heavily occupied. In 1004 the castle was conquered by the warriors of King Henry II (in the fight against Boleslaw III , who had driven out his two brothers who were entitled to inherit). 1039-1041 the Archbishop Bardo of Mainz and the Margrave Ekkehard of Meißen seized the Geiersburg. Emperor Lothar and his army, when he wanted to take care of Boriwog , who had been expelled from Moravia, suffered a heavy defeat by Sobieslaw I on February 18, 1126 in the Second Battle of Chlumec not far from the Geiersburg. In the following period the owners of the castle changed frequently (the lords of Riesenburg , the Wladik Kojata , the Prague archbishops ).
The Gothic castle was built at the beginning of the 14th century on the initiative of the Bohemian King John of Bohemia . It is first mentioned in 1319 when it was owned by Otto von Bergow , who came from the Lobdeburg family . In 1334 the Prague bishop John IV of Dražice bought the castle, who wanted to name it Bishop Hill. The name was not adopted by the population. The next owner, Archbishop Ernst von Pardubitz , had little opportunity to stay at the castle as an advisor to King Charles IV . His successor Johann von Jenstein often stayed at the castle and also sought protection from King Wenceslaus IV here. In 1390 he built a residential tower and strengthened the castle defense. In 1418 the castle, which remained in the possession of the Prague bishops until the beginning of the 15th century, was pledged to Rüdiger von Polensk ( Polenz (noble family) ?). It was stolen from the Knight of Polensk by Siegmund von Wartenberg on Tetschen (1426). Then it passed into the possession of the Hussite Wrzessowitz and became a much controversial point in the Hussite wars. Around 1522 they were bought by Messrs. Glatz von Althof ( Starý Dvůr ). After a fire in 1526 it was no longer inhabited. The new seat of power was Sobochleben ( Soběchleby ). Maria Theresa donated the area of the Geiersburg to the pilgrimage church Mariaschein in 1779 .
On September 10, 1806, after the Battle of Kulm , a French column passed over the Geiersberger Pass. Russian grenadiers lay in ambush in the ruins of Geiersberg and shot at the fleeing enemy.
literature
- Joachim Bahlcke , Winfried Eberhard, Miloslav Polívka (eds.): Handbook of historical places . Volume: Bohemia and Moravia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 329). Kröner, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-520-32901-8 .
- Viktor Karell : Castles and palaces of the Ore Mountains and Egertal. Vol. 1, Vinzenz Uhl Verlagbuchhandlung, Kaaden , 1935. (Burg Geiersberg pp. 87–88)
