Neudeck Castle (Bavaria)

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Neudeck Castle
Neudeck Castle on an engraving by Michael Wening from 1723

Neudeck Castle on an engraving by Michael Wening from 1723

Alternative name (s): Neideck, Neudeck Castle
Castle type : Höhenburg, spur location
Conservation status: departed
Standing position : Noble free , knight , imperial count
Place: Bad Birnbach -Neudeck
Geographical location 48 ° 25 '41.3 "  N , 13 ° 4' 0.9"  E Coordinates: 48 ° 25 '41.3 "  N , 13 ° 4' 0.9"  E
Height: 435  m above sea level NN
Neudeck Castle (Bavaria)
Neudeck Castle

The castle Neudeck , including Castle Neideck or Schloss Neudeck called, is a Outbound medieval Spur castle on 435  m above sea level. NN southwest of Bad Birnbach . Due to its location, the castle dominated the Rottal for a long time .

history

The nobles of Neudeck in the Rottal can be traced back to the 12th and 13th centuries. As early as 1160 a "Wolftrigil de Nideke" appears as a seal witness for the first time in a document.

Neudeck taverns appear in the 14th and 15th centuries. How they got hold of them is unknown. In addition to their ancestral castle Neudeck, they also acquired the nearby towns of Anzenkirchen , Asenham , Loderham and other goods. On September 12, 1504, Georg Schenk von Neudeck was seriously wounded and died in the Battle of Schönberg. With him, the family of the Neudeck taverns died out. He was buried in the Dominican Church in Regensburg .

However, as early as 1408 they had sold Neudeck Castle and other goods to the Counts of Törring . These in turn sold the castle complex including Anzenkirchen in 1464 to the Bohemian noble Hollup family.

Knight Jan von Hollup was richly rewarded for great services by the Bavarian dukes and the Bohemian king. The nature of his merits is not known. His rewards were significant gifts to him. This enabled him to acquire extensive possessions in what is now Lower Bavaria around Neudeck and in what is now Upper Austria around Mattighofen . From then on he called himself Ritter von Hollup zu Mattighofen and Neudeck . In 1517 his son Friedrich died without a male heir. In his will, he appointed his only daughter as the sole heir. Nevertheless, his death led to a division of his property. The daughter Anna received the most extensive possessions, but some areas, such as the castle and the Mattighofen market, fell back to the Bavarian dukes as a man fief. The remaining possessions remained with his widow Affra Freiin von Freyberg .

Neudeck Castle on a watercolor by Count Friedrich Casimir von Ortenburg around 1620

In 1515 Count Christoph I von Ortenburg married Frederick's heir, Anna. This marriage brought back power and influence in the Lower Bavarian-Austrian region to the weakened Counts of Ortenburg. Soon afterwards they were again considered to be one of the richest and most influential noble houses in Lower Bavaria.

Due to his excellent relationships with the Bavarian dukes Ludwig X. and Wilhelm IV. Of Bavaria-Munich , he was able to buy the repurchased goods again in 1517. After Affra von Freyberg's death, Frederick's last possessions also fell to Christoph I von Ortenburg, as his closest relatives waived their claims. In 1549 he succeeded in expanding the rule of Neudeck even further, as Wilhelm IV. Ceded property to him around the Neudeck on the Rott to round off his rule.

After Christoph's death in 1551, the castle and all its goods came to his son Joachim von Ortenburg . In 1563 he introduced the Reformation in his nearby imperial county of Ortenburg . In the decades that followed, Neudeck was always in conflict between the counts and the Bavarian dukes. Neudeck was opened and occupied several times by Bavarian troops.

The dispute was only settled in 1602 with the reconciliation of Counts Georg IV and Heinrich VII with Maximilian I. The Ortenburgers needed this reconciliation, even if it meant dependence on the Bavarian duchy. On the one hand it ended the decades-long conflict, on the other hand they had lost their most important source of income, because Joachim had bequeathed the county as pledge to his widow Lucia von Limpurg in his will. The counts were even forced to split up the former property of the Hollups and separated the Mattighofen estate from Neudeck and sold it to the Duchy of Bavaria for 102,000 guilders. However, this was also the condition of the duke for the return of the Bavarian fiefs.

During the pledging of the imperial county between 1600 and 1662, the line of George IV sat at Neudeck Castle. His two sons, the later Imperial Counts Georg Reinhard and Christian, were born there. Together they managed to redeem the imperial county of Ortenburg in 1662. However, this was also associated with the loss of importance for the Neudeck.

The dynasty of counts concentrated more and more on their possessions near their immediate imperial county. Neudeck Castle remained in the possession of the Counts of Ortenburg until 1805. In that year, Count Joseph Carl exchanged all of the family's possessions for the newly created county of Ortenburg-Tambach in Franconia, near Coburg. Thus Neudeck fell to the Electorate of Bavaria. Bavaria then sold the castle complex to surrounding residents, who soon demolished the castle.

literature

  • Friedrich Hausmann : The Counts of Ortenburg and their male ancestors, the Spanheimers in Carinthia, Saxony and Bavaria, as well as their branch lines. In: Ostbairische Grenzmarken - Passauer Jahrbuch für Geschichte, Kunst und Volkskunde. No. 36, Passau 1994.
  • Ilse Louis: Pfarrkirchen - The nursing courts Reichenberg and Julbach and the rule Ering-Frauenstein , Historical Atlas of Bavaria , Altbayern series I, issue 31, Munich 1973.
  • Eberhard Graf zu Ortenburg-Tambach: History of the imperial, ducal and counts 'entire house of Ortenburg - Part 2: The counts' house in Bavaria . Vilshofen 1932.
  • Anton Eckardt: The art monuments of Bavaria - district office parish churches . Munich 1923.
  • Feldmaier: History of the community of Asenham and Neudeck Castle in the Rottal , in: Negotiations of the Historisches Verein für Niederbayern 51. Landshut 1915, pp. 1–16.
  • Carl Mehrmann: History of the Evangelical Lutheran community of Ortenburg in Lower Bavaria. Memorandum for the anniversary celebration of the 300th anniversary of the introduction of the Reformation there on October 17 and 18, 1863 . Landshut 1863. ( digitized )
  • Emil Wulzinger: Historical-topographical-statistical description of the Eggenfelden district office and the surrounding area, or the location, nature and previous condition of the Ysengau, Rotach and Quinzingau, together with the historical description of all the churches, palaces, castles and localities located in them, and an overview of the still flourishing and extinct families of the ancient Rottgau . Regensburg: Coppenrath, 1878. - XIX, 320 pp. Previously Neudeck Castle. The Neudeck taverns (p. 220) and Index (p. 279)