Julbach Castle

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Julbach Castle
Schlossberg von Julbach today

Schlossberg von Julbach today

Creation time : 12th Century
Castle type : Höhenburg, spur location
Conservation status: Burgstall
Place: Julbach
Geographical location 48 ° 15 '37.5 "  N , 12 ° 57' 33"  E Coordinates: 48 ° 15 '37.5 "  N , 12 ° 57' 33"  E
Julbach Castle (Bavaria)
Julbach Castle
Baierische Landtafeln, sheet 14. Ingolstadt 1568 by Philipp Apian

The castle Julbach is a Outbound hilltop castle in the same municipality in the district of Rottal-Inn of Bavaria .

history

A Raffolt de Jugilbahe resident here is mentioned as early as 1078 , this Raffolt is mentioned as a witness of a deed of foundation of the Ranshofen monastery . In 1108 a Werinhart de Julbahe is mentioned as a witness in a donation by Duke Welf II . In 1142 this Wernhart is shown with the title dominus and 1150 with the title nobilis . At this time, however, there was no talk of Julbach rule. This Wernhard was closely related to the Counts of Formbach . Wernhard von Julbach appears in 1130 with his sons Heinrich and Gebhard as a witness in a Formbach document. Benedikta, Wernhard's wife came from the Formbach family (her mother was Benedikta von Formbach, her father Gebhard von Ollersbach, her uncles were Gebhart and Dietrich II von Formbach). The goods around Julbach were obviously brought into the marriage with Wernhard as marriage goods. The son Heinrich des Wernhard is named after Julbach and Schaunberg and even has the title of comes ( Henricus comes de Scounberch ). The second son Gebhard des Wernhard and his successors also named themselves after Schaunberg. This is also explained by the legacy of Benedikta in the area between Wels and Kremsmünster . The title of count, with which the high level of jurisdiction is associated, appears for the first time in 1165 with Gebhardus comes de iulbach , who appears as a testimony to a donation from Count Dietrich von Vichtenstein to the Formbach monastery. Through their mother Benedikta († 1170), the Julbach-Schaunberger also owned the bailiwick of the Suben monastery . After the Julbach-Schaunbergers moved their headquarters to the Schaunburg , only administrative servants from Winkelheim, Stall and Hitzenau were resident at Julbach Castle. Julbach is referred to as a county for the first time in the land register of 1371.

Market Julbach after an engraving by Michael Wening from 1721

On February 9, 1359 Ulrich I von Schaunberg married Elisabeth, the sister of Burgrave Friedrich von Nürnberg . Elisabeth received the festivals and rule of Julbach as a morning gift ; but if Ulrich should die without an heir, then Elisabeth's morning gift should revert to the Schaunbergers. After the childless death of Ulrich († 1373), Burgrave Friedrich and his sister Elisabeth pledged the festivals and rule of Julbach to the Wittelsbach family from the Bayern-Landshut line on May 23, 1377 . On March 2, 1382, Count Heinrich von Schaunberg and his two sons Heinrich and Ulrich finally sold the pledged festivals and rule Julbach to the Wittelsbach family. A caste office was also set up in Julbach, a caste is mentioned here in 1435, as well as in 1513 and 1578.

Under Duke Albrecht IV , the Julbach court was pledged to the three Braunau citizens Hans Tegernseer, Georg Plattner and Hanns Waitzhover to pay off debts from the Landshut War of Succession . Duke Wilhelm IV was able to redeem this pledge in 1512. In 1513, this duke seems to have given the lordship together with the box to Johann the Elder and Johann von der Leiter with the right to buy it back. However, it is not certain whether this contract ever became legally binding. Julbach is also referred to as rule among the Wittelsbachers . In 1507 Julbach was named as a court , in 1578 Julbach was still a care and lordship , in 1588 only a care court . The Mautner von Braunau acted as the later carers of Julbach from 1515 to 1766, in 1766 the Julbach care (until 1779) was incorporated entirely into the Braunau care, in Julbach only a care commissioner remained as a senior civil servant.

  • Julbach Castle
  • Castle hill on the Schlossberg
  • Stichgraben on the Schlossberg
  • Wall remains of Julbach Castle
  • Wall foot of Julbach Castle

Julbach castle ruins today

According to archaeological findings, Julbach Castle was built in two phases: One dates from the middle of the 12th century and a second, major expansion phase around 1500, i.e. either shortly before or after the castle was destroyed in 1504 as part of the Landshut War of Succession . The second major construction phase includes the construction of a kennel to the west and south and the reconstruction of the main tower on the main hill. In the following centuries, building blocks of the castle were built in the entire village (cemetery wall, inn, etc.).

Philipp Apian is the only one who reports on the appearance of the castle, which he found around 1560 on the hill above the church. In the east there was a tower with battlements and in the west a chapel-like roofed building. The complex was likely to have consisted of a square residential tower enclosed by a circular wall. These main castles were crescent-shaped with an outer bailey. The association of " Burgfreunde zu Julbach e. V. “has endeavored for several years to research and archaeological protection of Julbach Castle.

  • photos
  • Well shaft of Julbach Castle
  • Remnants of the wall from Julbach Castle
  • Entrance to the earth stables in the castle hill
  • Erdstall

The remains of Julbach Castle are on the so-called Schlossberg on a long mountain spur. The castle area is separated from the mountain ridge to the north by a neck ditch , north of the neck ditch a moth-like hill rises up, which was called the outer bailey . The actual castle area comprises an area almost 75 meters wide and 46 meters long. A section of the wall eight meters long and one meter wide was secured. One of the remains of the castle is a walled, 57 m deep well shaft . Under the castle complex as well as under the Julbacher church there is an earth stable , a sophisticated corridor system with a length of 100 meters.

In the town hall of Julbach, numerous finds from the excavation campaigns (coin finds, e.g. a Friesacher pfennig , crossbow bolts , bronze bangles, ceramic finds from broken, late medieval-early modern utensils) can be viewed .

Tribe list of the nobles of Julbach-Schaunberg (1288), resp. (1316) Counts of Schaunberg

NN

  1. NN
    ⚭ Hildegund, daughter of Kuno von Mödling, Vogt von Kloster Au (⚭ 2. Dietrich von Baumgarten )
    1. Werinhart von Julbach, 1108 / around 1165,
      ⚭ Benedikta von Ollersbach, 1147, daughter of Gebhard and Benedikta von Formbach
      1. Werinhard, 1137/1171 from Julbach, 1148/1151 from Stauf , Wernhard de Stove
      2. Heinrich I, 1140 von Julbach, 1161 de Scovvenburg , 1146/1182 von Stauf, † after February 27, 1187, buried in the Formbach monastery
      3. Hartwig de Scovenberg, around 1170
      4. Daughter NN,
        ⚭ Count of Bening, 1143/1179
      5. Gebhard von Julbach, 1172, de Schowenberch, 1140 / around 1190,
        ⚭ Sophia around 1190, † May 15 ???
        1. Werinhard I. von Schaunberg, 1196, Vogt of Formbach Abbey, 1186/1221
          1. Henry the Younger, 1231
          2. Heinrich II., 1209/1277, † July 25, 1276/1281,
            ⚭ Hedwig von Plain , 1249, † February 15 after 1256, daughter of Count Luitpold III. and
            (⚭ 2.) Agnes
            1. Heinrich III., 1275 the Younger, May 20, 1288 Count von Schaunberg the Elder, 1248/1310
            2. Wernhart III., 1252 the younger, 1281 the elder, 1249/1286, † February 2, 1287 (?),
              ⚭ Anna von Neuffen , † May 1, 1271 (?), Daughter of Heinrich von Neuffen
              1. Heinrich IV., October 31, 1316, Count von Schaunberg, 1291 the younger, 1317 the elder, 1281/1321, † March 1, 1327,
                ⚭ Agnes 1316, † November 3, 1319, sister of Ulrich von Neuhaus and daughter of Ulrich II. And Mechtild
                1. Agnes (Anna), 1322
                  ⚭ 1. Before December 8, 1301 Count Hermann II von Ortenburg, 1292/1301,
                  ⚭ 2. Before April 26, 1321 Ulrich von Maissau , Marshal in Austria, 1299/1326
                2. Heinrich V, 1350 Johanniter Master of the Order , † May 12, 1353/25. February 1357,
                  ⚭ 1st shortly before January 4, 1321 Anna von Truhendingen , † May 25, 1331/25. June 1337, daughter of Count Ulrich I.,
                  ⚭ 2. Before January 24, 1338 Elisabeth von Ochsenstein, daughter of Otto von Ochsenstein
                  1. Agnes,
                    ⚭ before June 26, 1337, Heinrich Graf von Hohenberg
                  2. Imagina, 1330/1376, † November 5, 1377 (?),
                    ⚭ (Nördlingen, before June 25, 1337 / April 23, 1351) Ludwig X. Count of Oettingen , † May 11, 1370
                  3. Konrad, 1337, 1343 Canon of Passau, 1349 Provost of St. Andreas zu Freising , 1350/1357 Provost of Ardagger , † 1357
                  4. Elisabeth, 1337
                  5. Ulrich I, 1355 to Feste Kammer und Waasen , 1369/1372 captain in the land ob der Enns , † Schaunburg, March 6, 1373,
                    ⚭ February 9, 1353 Elisabeth of Nuremberg, 1379, † 1383 (?), Daughter of Johann Burgrave from Nuremberg, buried in Wilhering Monastery
                  6. Heinrich VII., 1355, to Feste Kammer and Waasen, 1382 to Julbach, 1376 pledgee to Weitra , June 16, 1361 vassal of the Dukes of Austria, † October 9, 1390,
                    ⚭ before January 9, 1362 Ursula von Görz zu Schöneck, Neuhaus and Uttenstein, † after 1383, daughter of Count Meinhard VI. von Gorizia and Katharina von Pfannberg
                    1. Anna, † 1396;
                      ⚭ 1377 Count Hermann II of Cilli , † October 13, 1435 in Pressburg
                    2. Barbara, † March 6, 1398;
                      ⚭ before March 11, 1380 Heinrich III. von Rosenberg , † July 28, 1412
                      1. Peter III von Rosenberg † 1406
                    3. Kunigunde, † 1424;
                      ⚭ before November 12, 1376 Johann II Landgrave von Leuchtenberg and Count von Hals , † August 7, 1390
                    4. Henry VIII, around 1380/82, † July 17, 1383
                    5. Ulrich II., 1382 → Count of Schaunberg (from 1382)
                    6. Agnes, † after August 10, 1412;
                      ⚭ April 9, 1383 and before March 18, 1386 Jobst Herr von Abensberg, † August 29, 1428
                    7. Ursula, † after August 10, 1412;
                      ⚭ Albrecht IV. Count of Werdenberg and Bludenz and Schallenberg, † 1420
                  7. Rudolf, 1367/1390, archdeacon of Strasbourg , 1369 pastor of Gruscharn, 1380 rector of the University of Vienna
                  8. Wilhelm II., 1361/1377, † 1397 (?)
                    ⚭ before June 15, 1366 N. von Wallsee , daughter of Eberhard IV.
                  9. Johann, 1353/1380, clergyman
                  10. Dorothea, around 1350,
                    ⚭ Hadmar von Laber , 1364, † 1420
                3. Wernhart VI., 1317, † December 15, 1318 / November 3, 1319,
                4. Agnes, 1318/1319, a nun in the St. Bernhard monastery in Vienna
                5. Konrad I, 1318 Count, 1340 Vogt of Lilienfeld Monastery , † June 7, 1353, buried in the Minoritenkirche in Vienna,
                  ⚭ March 1 to March 28, 1317 Adelheid von Haigerloch , † February 23, 1333, buried in Lilienfeld Monastery,
                  ⚭ 2 NN, 1351/1353
                6. Albert, 1327
                7. Adelheid, † July 4, 1328/1334,
                  ⚭ before March 1, 1327 Heinrich III. Count of Ortenburg ( Spanheim - Ortenburger ), † November 4, 1347
              2. Wernhart IV., 1281/1301,
                ⚭ Kunigunde von Ortenburg , daughter of Count Friedrich II. Von Ortenburg
                1. Wernhart V., count 1318, † May 26, 1363/9. April 1366
                2. Heinrich VI., 1341/1347, Johanniter Ordenskomtur, † December 21, 1351,
                  ⚭ NN 1321
                  1. Ulrich, 1351
                  2. Heinrich, 1365
                  3. Katharina, nun to St. Bernhard in Vienna
                3. Wilhelm I of Aschach and Truchsen,
                  February 2, 1323/20. March 1324 Elisabeth von Görz, 1322 to Cilli and Truchsen, 1338 widow of Hermann Graf von Neunburg
                4. Leutold, 1318, matriculated in Bologna , 1320 canon of Freising, 1321/1325 provost of Ardagger, 1328 canon of Konstanz, 1336/1342, 1342/1347 Elekt von Freising, 1350/1355 cathedral provost of Konstanz, † Vienna December 26, 1355
                5. Otto, 1318, 1336 provost of Ardagger, 1344 Canon of Passau, † August 1, 1344
                6. Rudolf, 1318, † August 17, 1347/22. June 1348
                  1. Child, 1348
                  2. Margareta, 1354/1380,
                    ⚭ 1st Vienna March 12th 1354 or before May 1st 1355 Johann Graf von Pfannberg , † before November 25th 1362,
                    ⚭ 2nd before June 16, 1368 Count Wilhelm II of Montfort in Bregenz , † June 16, 1373/14. June 1374
                  3. Anna, 1394/1406, abbess of the Dürnstein monastery
                  4. Wilhelm, 1353
                  5. Heinrich, 1353
              3. Leutold, 1284/1338, 1295/1338 Canon of Passau , provost of Mattsee , pastor of Grafenwerd, † December 26th (?)
              4. Sophia, 1311/1349,
                ⚭ before February 6, 1311 Otto IV. Count von Ortenburg, 1290/1342
          3. Wernhart II, 1256 nurse to Obernberg , 1217, † April 9, 1266/1267,
            ⚭ Hedwig von Waxenberg , 1258, heiress of Heinrich von Griesbach-Waxenberg
            1. Hedwig, † November 13, 1313,
              ⚭ 1st Wok I. von Rosenberg , † June 3, 1262 in Graz,
              ⚭ 2nd Friedrich von Stubenberg , † 1319
            2. Elisabeth, 1258,
              ⚭ Wernhard II. Count von Leonberg , 1269/1283
            3. Margaret, 1258

The other tribal line is that of the Schaunberger , which is derived from Heinrich VII. This family dies in the male line with Wolfgang II zu Oberwallsee and Eferding on June 11, 1559, after a settlement with Emperor Maximilian II on August 10, 1572 , the inheritance goes to the Starhembergers and Liechtensteiners, who are related to the Schaunbergers .

literature

  • Ilse Louis: Parish churches. The nursing courts Reichenberg and Julbach and the rule Ering-Frauenstein. (= Historical Atlas of Bavaria, part of Old Bavaria, issue 31). Verlag Michael Laßleben, Munich 1973, ISBN 3-7696-9878-9 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ website of the castle Friends Julbach .
  2. ↑ Excavation report 2013 (PDF)
  3. ↑ excavation report 2008 (PDF)
  4. ↑ Excavation report 2005 (PDF)
  5. ↑ Master list based on Detlev Schwennike (Hrsg.), Europäische Stammtafeln. Family tables on the history of the European states. New series (Volume XVI). JA Stargardt, Berlin: 1995, plate 38.