Lilienfeld Abbey

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Lilienfeld Abbey
Abbey complex seen from the east
Abbey complex seen from the east
location AustriaAustria Austria
Lies in the diocese St. Polten
Coordinates: 48 ° 0 '47 "  N , 15 ° 35' 50"  E Coordinates: 48 ° 0 '47 "  N , 15 ° 35' 50"  E
Serial number
according to Janauschek 		549
founding year 1202
Year of dissolution /
annulment 		1789
Year of repopulation 1790
Mother monastery Heiligenkreuz Abbey
Primary Abbey Morimond Monastery
Congregation Austrian Cistercian Congregation

The Lilienfeld (lat. Abbatia BMV de Campililio ) is an abbey of Cistercian (OCist) in Lilienfeld in Lower Austria .

Current

The Cistercians of the Lilienfeld Monastery consider it their main task to celebrate the liturgy (liturgy of the hours and Holy Mass). 19 parishes are incorporated into Lilienfeld Monastery, in which the Fathers act as pastors. Individual fathers work on a theological faculty, some are religion teachers. Lilienfeld Abbey is happy to accept guests and is an important pilgrimage station on the Via Sacra, the old pilgrimage route to Mariazell. Some priests work in the administration of the monastery property. The income from forest, hunting, fishing and guest care are used for the wages of the employees and for the maintenance of the numerous historical buildings of the Lilienfeld Monastery (monastery complex, parish churches and parish farms in the incorporated parishes).

The Lilienfeld Abbey provides the medieval lay brother dormitory and the 13th century cellarium for events. The mediaeval monastery complex and the baroque library can be visited on guided tours. Lilienfeld Abbey is connected to a monastery shop and bookshop.

The monastery is a spiritual and cultural center in the region. It is considered one of the most beautiful monuments of medieval architecture in Austria and is the largest preserved Cistercian monastery in Central Europe .

history

The convent was founded in 1202 by Leopold VI. , Duke of Austria and Styria, founded as a daughter monastery of Heiligenkreuz Abbey and thus belonged to the filiation of the Morimond primary abbey . In 1217 Duke Leopold VI gathered. in Lilienfeld many aristocrats from his domain in order to start the Fifth Crusade from here . After the crusade, he gave Lilienfeld Abbey a cross relic that he had received in Byzantium. After his death, Duke Leopold VI became. buried in the church of Lilienfeld Abbey. The funeral ceremonies for the founder on November 30, 1230 were connected with the consecration of the church and monastery in Lilienfeld. In 1266 or 1267 Queen Margarete von Babenberg found her final resting place in the collegiate church.

In the 14th century the scriptorium of Stift Lilienfeld gained special importance through Abbot Ulrich von Lilienfeld and the monk Christanus (or Christian) von Lilienfeld. In the Middle Ages, the monks of Lilienfeld Abbey took great care of the poor and the sick and of providing accommodation for guests. As Cimburgis of Mazovia , the mother of Emperor Friedrich III. , died on a pilgrimage to Mariazell in Türnitz , she was buried in the presbytery of the collegiate church Lilienfeld.

Chancel with the northern balustrade, in front of Leopold VI. and his daughter Margaret are buried.
Reference to the grave of Leopold VI. on the outside of the choir balustrade

After a spiritual crisis in Lilienfeld Abbey in the 16th century, the abbey became a regional center of the Counter Reformation in the 17th century . From 1641 to 1716 the medieval monastery complex was supplemented by early baroque additions to the guest wing, the west wing with the imperial rooms, the prelature and the library. During the Turkish siege of Vienna in 1683, Lilienfeld Abbey, together with the local population, successfully resisted the looting of the wandering Turks and Tatars. In the first half of the 18th century, the church tower, library and church interior were built in the Baroque style. During the Enlightenment, Lilienfeld Abbey took on numerous pastoral tasks in many new parishes. In 1789, Emperor Joseph II had the Lilienfeld Abbey closed due to the large debts of the Abbey. However, his successor, Emperor Leopold II , restored it - also at the request of the Lilienfeld population. During this one year of abolition, many valuable works of art and writings from the monastery were lost. In 1810 a major fire devastated almost the entire monastery, which was painstakingly rebuilt in the following years under Abbot Johann Ladislaus Pyrker . This abbot later became Patriarch of Venice and finally Archbishop of Eger (Hungary). The abbots of the Lilienfeld monastery appeared as art patrons in the field of music and painting during the 19th century. Abbot Ambros Becziczka had a botanical garden with exotic plants, the so-called abbey park , laid out in 1826.

In the 20th century, Lilienfeld Abbey suffered a lot from the economic crises of the 1930s, from severe restrictions during the Nazi regime and from the destruction during the last days of the war in 1945. A Russian Bible is said to be responsible for keeping the monastery from being used by the occupying soldiers Soviet Army was spared. A note in the Soviet commandant's guest book in Russian also indicates that the occupying forces were sparing the monastery .

“… I had to stay in this monastery for a few days with a group of soldiers in the days of the end of the war and in all possible ways I saved this monastery from pillage by guarding its monuments. ... "

- Translation of the entry in the guest book

After the period of reconstruction, the Lower Austrian provincial exhibition “1000 Years of Babenberger in Austria” took place in Lilienfeld Abbey in 1976 . In 1976 Pope Paul VI awarded the collegiate church Lilienfeld the title of a minor basilica .

During excavations in the collegiate church in 1974 it was found that Leopold VI's coffin made of Türnitz marble . is just a cenotaph . Under the empty coffin is the burial place of the aforementioned Cimburgis. Leopold VI. is buried on the northern edge of the chancel in front of the balustrade, next to it his daughter Margarete von Babenberg . On the outside of the choir balustrade, two inscriptions indicate the two graves. In the presbytery, where Cimburgis was suspected, lies the Freising Prince-Bishop Konrad IV .

On the occasion of the 800th anniversary of the monastery in 2002 there was the exhibition “Cisto” about individual aspects of its history.

Abbots of Lilienfeld Abbey

  • Okerus (1206? –1212?)
  • Gebhard (1212? –1227?)
  • Otto I. (1227? –1233?)
  • Berthold I. (1233? -1272?)
  • Herwich (1272? –1275?)
  • Paul I (1275? –1277?)
  • Conrad I (1277? –1281?)
  • George I (1281)
  • Ludwig (1281)
  • Weichard (1281–1285?)
  • Konrad II. Preminger (1285? -1293?)
  • Albert (1293? -1302?)
  • Paul II (1302? –1316)
  • Ottokar (1316-1336)
  • Leopold (1336? –1342)
  • Otto II (1342? –1345)
  • Ulrich von Lilienfeld (1345–1351)
  • Gerlach (1352? -1358)
  • Christian (1358? –1360)
  • Stephan I (1360? –1398)
  • Conrad III. (1398–1407?)
  • Martin I. (1408-1410)
  • John I of Langheim (1410-1412)
  • George II. Oeder (1412-1426)
  • Nicholas (1426–1428)
  • Stephan II (1428-1443)
  • Petrus II. Krotenthaler (1443–1472)
  • Jacob (1472–1474)
  • Paul III (1474–1485)
  • George III (1485–1491?)
  • Sigismund I. Dorner (1491? –1497)
  • Thomas (1497-1499)
  • Gregory (1499–1502)
  • Oswald (1502–1511?)
  • Wolfgang Edelbauer (1511–1539)
  • Laurentius I (1539-1541)
  • Simon I (1541? –1542)
  • Sebastian Rottaler (1542–1543)
  • Matthew I. Beringer (1543–1548)
  • George IV Reichard (1548–1556)
  • John II. Mirl (1556–1560)
  • Matthew II (1560–1566)
  • Georg V. Premberger (1568–1587)
  • Lawrence II. Reiss (1587–1601)

Other personalities

Library

The monastery library was founded in the 13th century. Under Abbot Sigismund Braun (1695–1716) the installation of a baroque hall library on the 1st floor above the refectory was carried out and completed in 1716 (area of ​​17.80 m * 7.60 m, height of 4.70 m). It shows strong similarities to that in the Lambach monastery .

The library comprises 40,000 volumes, 120 incunabula and 229 manuscripts. In 2017, the manuscripts were put online completely online for the first time in the history of a pen.

Abbey parish churches

Organ of the collegiate church

Organ gallery collegiate church

The collegiate church houses a large organ on the west gallery . The organ case comes from an instrument that was built in 1767 by the organ builder Ignaz Gatto . The original organ had 22 stops on two manual works and a pedal . In the course of time it has been expanded and rebuilt several times; Extension and renovation measures in 1940 and 1944 remained unfinished. In 1956 the decision was made to build a new organ in the historic case . The work was carried out in 1962 by the organ builder Gregor Hradetzky . It had 45 registers (3,288 pipes) on three manuals and a pedal. In view of the vulnerability of the technical system, the instrument was completely refurbished between 1983 and 1985 by the Upper Austrian organ building company Kögler . The slider chest instrument has since then had 44 stops on three manuals and a pedal. The game actions are mechanical, the stop actions are electric.

I Rückpositiv C – g 3
1. Wooden dacked 8th'
2. Quintadena 8th'
3. Principal 4 ′
4th Pointed flute 4 ′
5. Sesquialtera II 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
6th octave 2 ′
7th recorder 4 ′
8th. Fifth 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
9. Scharff IV-V 1'
10. Dulcian 16 ′
11. Krummhorn 8th'
II Hauptwerk C – g 3
12. Gedacktpommer 16 ′
13. Principal 8th'
14th Tube bare 8th'
15th Gemshorn 8th'
16. octave 4 ′
17th Hollow flute 4 ′
18th Fifth 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
19th Super octave 2 ′
20th Mixture maj. VI-VIII 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
21st Mixture min. III-VI 1'
22nd Trumpet 16 ′
23. Trumpet 8th'
III Oberwerk C – g 3
24. Dumped 8th'
25th Salicional 8th'
26th Praestant 4 ′
27. Reed flute 4 ′
28. Viol di Gamba 4 ′
29 Nasard 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
30th octave 2 ′
31. Night horn 2 ′
32. third 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
33. Cymbel IV-V 1'
34. shawm 8th'
Pedals C – f 1
35. Principal 16 ′
36. Sub-bass 16 ′
37. Octave bass 8th'
38. Thought bass 8th'
39. Chorale bass 4 ′
40. Schwiegel 2 ′
41. Mixture III-IV 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
42. trombone 16 ′
43. Trumpet 8th'
44. zinc 4 ′

photos

  • Interior view towards the high altar

  • Library

  • Cenotaph of Leopold VI. in front of the high altar

  • Lilienfeld Abbey, fountain house

  • Well house

  • Choir room collegiate church

  • Cloister

literature

Size comparison of some of the largest churches in Lower Austria
  • Verena Friedrich and Pius Maurer : The Cistercian Abbey Lilienfeld , Passau 2007.
  • Pius Maurer, Irene Rabl a. Harald Schmid (Ed.): Campililiensia. History, art and culture of the Cistercian monastery Lilienfeld , Lilienfeld 2015, ISBN 978-3-900935-11-5 .
  • Eugen Müller: Profession book of the Cistercian monastery Lilienfeld , St. Ottilien 1996.
  • Eugen Müller and Irene Rabl: The coats of arms of the Cistercian abbots of Lilienfeld since 1587 , in: Adler, Zeitschrift für Genealogie und Heraldik 26 (2011), pp. 61–78.
  • Norbert Mussbacher: Das Stift Lilienfeld , in: Heimatkunde des Bezirk Lilienfeld 1, St. Pölten 1971, pp. 11–38.
  • Irene Rabl, "Ite ad Joseph". Chrysostom Wieser and the Lilienfeld Arch Brotherhood of St. Joseph (Contributions to the Church History of Lower Austria 18 = historical supplements to St. Pölten Diocesan Gazette 35), St. Pölten 2015, ISBN 978-3-901863-49-3 .
  • Paul Tobner: Lilienfeld 1202–1902 , Vienna 1902.
  • Gerhard Winner ( arr .): The documents of the Cistercian monastery Lilienfeld 1111-1892 (Fontes rerum Austriacarum II / 81). Vienna: Austrian Academy of Sciences 1974.

Web links

Commons : Stift Lilienfeld  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Lilienfeld in the Topographia Austriacarum (Matthäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Lilienfeld Cistercian Abbey on the website of the Department for the Cultural Assets of the Orders , accessed on April 22, 2017
  2. ↑ "Lilienfeld Abbey - manuscripts for the first time all online" at www.meinzeile.at , accessed on April 22, 2017
  3. ↑ Information on the organ