Zavelstein castle ruins
| Zavelstein castle ruins | ||
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 Zavelstein castle ruins - photo from 1977 |
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| Creation time : | around 1200 | |
| Castle type : | Höhenburg, location | |
| Conservation status: | ruin | |
| Standing position : | Count | |
| Place: | Bad Teinach-Zavelstein | |
| Geographical location | 48 ° 41 '32 .3 " N , 8 ° 41' 28.3" E | |
| Height: | 560 m above sea level NN | |
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The Zavelstein castle ruins are the ruins of a hilltop castle at 560 m above sea level. NN high mountain nose above the Teinach Valley on the south-eastern edge of the municipality of Bad Teinach-Zavelstein in the Calw district in Baden-Württemberg .
history
Archaeological research has shown that the castle was built around the middle of the 13th century. The first written mention can be dated to 1303. This shows that a Mr. Richelin, a knight in Zavelstein, lived in the castle from 1280. As early as 1311, Zavelstein appears in the documents as a Württemberg castle and was therefore in the possession of the Counts of Württemberg . Together with the castles Neuenbürg , Calw , Fautsberg , Wildberg and Nagold , the influence on the newly acquired areas in the north-eastern Black Forest could be maintained.
In the 14th century, the castle was often given out as a fief or pawn. In 1342 Paul von Giltlingen sold the fiefdom of the castle to Count Götz von Tübingen for 1,530 pounds of Heller . Three years later, Zavelstein was transferred from Count Ulrich IV and Eberhard II of Württemberg to Count Palatine Wilhelm von Tübingen as a pledge of 5000 pounds of Heller . Since Wilhelm died a year later without an heir, Zavelstein fell back to Württemberg according to the contract. Wilhelm's brother, Götz von Tübingen, was entitled to the castle in 1365 as a personal property . He gave up this one year later.
Zavelstein Castle gained importance in 1367 when Count Eberhard II from Württemberg, known as Greiner, and his son Ulrich escaped capture by fleeing to the castle during an attack in the Wildbad by the Martinsvögel aristocratic society . Due to the poor financial situation of the House of Württemberg, the rule of Zavelstein was constantly passed on.
A document from 1396 shows that the pledge from Gerhard von Straubenhardt was transferred to the legal successors Straub von Straubenhardt and Schimpf von Validlingen . It wasn't until 1468 that the income from the castle and town of Zavelstein was pledged to Burkhard von Ehingen for 2,600 gulden . The knight family von Ehingen held the property rights until 1552. During the Peasant Wars in 1525 , the castle was damaged but not occupied. Duke Christoph von Württemberg redeemed the pledge from Hans von Ehingen in 1552.
In 1554 Jordan von Braitenbach auf Roßnitz was enfeoffed with the castle. From 1554 to 1589 he renovated the castle complexes for 3500 guilders, which was proven by building bills. After his death in 1593, his widow Agnes von Braitenbach should have continued to live there. After their death in 1612, the fiefdom was transferred by Duke Johann Friedrich von Württemberg to Baron Benjamin Buwinghausen von Wallmerode. In 1620 the Baron bought Zavelstein and began extensive construction work that lasted until 1630. During this time, the castle became the castle rebuilt. After the Battle of Nördlingen , the castle was looted in 1634. After the baron died of the plague in Stuttgart in 1635 , his son Jakob Friedrich Buwinghausen took over the property. He later became known as the Calwer Obervogt, especially through some witch trials. In 1686 Eberhard Friedrich Buwinghausen took over the property as well as the offices of his father.
After the destruction of Hirsau and Calw, Zavelstein was destroyed in 1692 by Melacs troops. Only a few parts of the castle's building remained habitable; the Buwinghausens left Zavelstein. Eberhard Friedrich Buwinghausen sold the property in 1710 for 20,000 guilders to Duke Eberhard Ludwig von Württemberg . However, the castle was not rebuilt and remained in ruins. In 1844 the stairs of the keep were renewed and this has been used as a lookout tower ever since . In 1991 archaeological investigations were carried out during the renovation work.
investment
Of the former Stauferburg , only the late Romanesque core castle remains . The two neck trenches , the gate system, the palace ruins , a cellar vault, parts of the shield wall and other remains of the ring walls and the kennel and the 28 meter high keep can still be seen.
literature
- Max Miller (ed.): Handbook of the historical sites of Germany . Volume 6: Baden-Württemberg (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 276). Kröner, Stuttgart 1965, DNB 456882928 .
- Karl Greiner : Bad Teinach and Zavelstein. A historical picture from the 13th to the 20th century Pforzheim 1986
- Dieter Planck (Ed.): Archaeological excavations in Baden-Württemberg 1991. Theiss, Stuttgart 1992, ISBN 3-8062-1019-5
- Dieter Planck (Ed.): Archaeological excavations in Baden-Württemberg 1992 . Theiss, Stuttgart 1993, ISBN 3-8062-1070-5
- Timm Radt: Zavelstein Castle - An unnoticed building by Heinrich Schickhardt . In: Georg Ulrich Großmann: Research on castles and palaces. Volume 13. The castle at the time of the Renaissance. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Berlin / Munich 2010, pp. 87-100, ISBN 978-3-422-07023-3
