Capinota
| Capinota | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Basic data | |||
| Residents (state) | 5264 pop. (2012 census) | ||
| rank | Rank 89 | ||
| height | 2403 m | ||
| Post Code | 03-0701-0100-3001 | ||
| Telephone code | (+591) | ||
| Coordinates | 17 ° 43 ′ S , 66 ° 16 ′ W | ||
|
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| politics | |||
| Department | Cochabamba | ||
| province | Capinota Province | ||
| climate | |||
 Climate diagram Capinota |
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Capinota is a small town in the department of Cochabamba in the South American Andean state of Bolivia . The history of the city goes back to April 27, 1559, when monks of the Augustinian order founded a settlement here.
Location in the vicinity
Capinota is the central place of the Municipio Capinota and the capital of the Province of Capinota . The city is located at an altitude of 2380 m on the northern bank of the Río Arque , just before it joins the Río Rocha to form the Río Caine , which is named Río Grande further downstream .
geography
Capinota is located in the Bolivian Cordillera Central in the transition area to the Bolivian lowlands. The region has a typical time-of-day climate in which the mean temperature fluctuations during the day are more pronounced than during the year.
The mean average temperature of the region is around 20 ° C (see Capinota climate diagram) and fluctuates only slightly between 16 ° C in June and July and a good 22 ° C in November and December. The annual precipitation is about 550 mm and has a pronounced dry season from April to November with monthly precipitation of less than 10 mm, only in the wet season from December to March up to 140 mm monthly precipitation.
Transport network
Capinota is 66 kilometers south of Cochabamba , the capital of the department.
From Cochabamba, the asphalt national road Ruta 4 leads west through the town of Quillacollo to Parotani and on to Caracollo , where it meets Ruta 1 , which crosses the Altiplano from north to south and provides connections to La Paz , Oruro and Potosí . In Parotani, a road branches off in a southerly direction, which after 29 kilometers crosses Capinota and continues to Arque and San Pedro de Buena Vista .
population
The population of Capinota has increased by more than half in the last two decades:
| year | Residents | source |
|---|---|---|
| 1992 | 3 955 | census |
| 2001 | 4,766 | census |
| 2012 | 5 264 | census |
The inhabitants of Capinota are primarily of the Quechua ethnic group .
Industry
Near Capinota there with the Coboce - cement plant the only significant industry operated in the vicinity of the village.
Agriculture
The absence of frost means that growing conditions in and around Capinota are favorable all year round. The main crops are potatoes , carrots , beets , onions , corn and alfalfa . There are also vineyards and orchards with peach and apple trees .
The fields have an average size of only 0.35 ha , the field size varies from 600 to 6,000 m². The land is privately owned or leased for harvest sharing. Cultivation and harvest are primarily done by hand or with draft oxen , tractors are rare.
Lameo
Just like in some other valleys in the department of Cochabamba, the farmers of Capinota practice the indigenous lameo technique of soil protection (also: may'kas) in order to maintain and improve fertile soil in their fields. They use the mineral and organic sediments of the Río Arque, which are washed out by the recurring downpours in the upper part of the river. By creating dams in the Capinosa basin, the river is diverted to the fields in the floodplain .
In order to relocate the course of the river, so-called bocatomas are created in these dams , openings and inlets that have to be renewed every one to three years after each flood. These openings are 30 cm high and the river water, which swells up after heavy rainfall, deposits sediments behind the dams at a height of around 10 cm. These dykes or dams around the fields are mainly built in December at the beginning of the rainy season. Narrow channels 35 cm deep and 80 cm wide between the fields ensure that water and sediments are evenly distributed. At the lower end of the fields, furrows ensure that the excess water drains away so that the water is 12-15 cm high within the dykes.
Lameo irrigation and sedimentation in Capinota is used by more than 200 smallholders on an area of 2.3 km². This enables the farming families an intensive and market-oriented cultivation with the cultivation of potatoes and Dutch tomatoes. In fields beyond the reach of the river, soil improvement is practiced by mixing river sediments with chicken manure under the arable land.
By geomorphological and sedimentation studies in the neighboring region of Valle Alto could be proven that the technology Lameo least v in this room at the time of the 1500th Goes back.
Individual evidence
- ↑ La fundación de Capinota (Spanish)
- ↑ INE - Instituto Nacional de Estadística Bolivia 1992 ( Memento of the original from April 23, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ INE - Instituto Nacional de Estadística Bolivia 2001 ( Memento of the original from October 16, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ INE - Instituto Nacional de Estadística Bolivia 2012 ( Memento of the original from July 22, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
Web links
- Relief map of the Cochabamba region 1: 250,000 (PDF; 10.6 MB)
- Municipio Capinota - detailed map and population data (PDF; 361 kB) ( Spanish )
- Department of Cochabamba - social data of the municipalities (PDF 7.58 MB) ( Spanish )
- Lameo, an indigenous method of soil conservation ( English )
- Estimating spatial patterns of soil erosion and deposition in the Andean region (PDF, 6.89 MB) ( English )
- Appropriate designs and Appropriating irrigation system (PDF file, 3.52 MB) ( English )