Carlo Rossetti (Cardinal)

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Carlo Cardinal Rossetti, approx. 1654–1672

Carlo Rossetti (Roscetti) (* 1614 in Ferrara ; † November 23, 1681 ) was an Italian cardinal from a noble family from Ferrara. Initially he was in London as the secret apostolic nuncio of Urban VIII. During this time he was referred to as Count Charles Rossetti or Prince Rossetti (according to Italian fashion). He used his title of Italian nobleman to live undiscovered in England and not to be persecuted as a representative of the Roman Catholic Church .

Early life

Carlo Rossetti was born into a noble family in Ferrara and was baptized on March 26, 1614 in Ferrara Cathedral. Later, thanks to papal dispensation , he was appointed Canon of Ferrara at a young age. He came to Rome as a young man . At the age of 18 he held a public disputation in philosophy and theology in the presence of Cardinal Francesco Barberini , nephew of Urban VIII. He then studied law at the University of Bologna and graduated as in utroque iure (of the two rights). Cardinal Barberini praised Rosette with Pope Urban VIII and this appointed him prelate and speaker of the two signatures. He served Pope Urban VIII and his Barberini family , especially the nephews Francesco Barberini and Antonio Barberini .

Nuncio in London

The Barberini family were impressed by his strength and energy and sent him as apostolic nuncio first to Germany and then in August 1639 to England as the successor to the papal agent George Con , who was seriously ill. There he supported the Irish Catholics in their fight against the English Parliament . An Italian historian said of his mission:

“There arrived, at London to reside at the court as a gentleman traveler, sent by Cardinal Barberini, but effectively he was the Pope's nuncio, by name Charles Rossetti, an earl by birth who had taken upon him the church habit from a prelate; who was of a great spirit, active and prudent, able to undertake business of the greatest difficulty. He was valorous of heart, had a learned tongue, was quick in parts; in brief, he was such and one that his fellow could not be found in all the Court of Rome. "

“He arrived in London as a gentleman traveler who had been sent away by Cardinal Barberini to live at court. In reality he was the Apostolic Nunitius by name Charles Rosseti, an earl by birth who took on the robe of a prelate. He was of great mind, active, prudent, and capable of doing business of the greatest difficulty. He was of brave heart and had a learned tongue. In short, he was a loyal fellow that cannot be found again at the papal court. "

Rossetti's mission was very dangerous because of the conflict between the Roman Catholic Church and England. Italian authors dared not publish his name because of the great danger. But the mission was largely successful. He managed to convince some people to banish priests instead of executing them. When critics accused King Charles I and his Archbishop William Laud of being papists , he took the opportunity to consider that the king could convert to Catholicism if he was accused of doing so anyway.

Karl's wife, Queen Henrietta Maria of France , saw Rossetis position at the court to be beneficial and called on the prelates, after a social relationship had developed, Pope Urban VIII. To the equivalent of £ 100,000 sterling to the ailing coffers of England ask. The Pope replied: "... he would be very happy to help the King as soon as he became a Catholic himself".

When a Bill of Attainder was passed and Archbishop William Laud was sentenced to death , some believed that Laud should have become a Catholic and flee to Rome, as Rossetti had suggested.

Return to Rome

When the first episcopal war broke out, Rossetti's life was threatened. At the behest of the English Queen Henrietta Maria of France , he was given refuge in St. James's Palace. When he was asked to appear before the House of Commons, he fled England at the end of July 1641. He went to Flanders with the help of the Ambassador of the Republic of Venice . His presence in Ghent on September 7, 1641 is confirmed by a letter to a Cardinal Barberini in which he reports on the colonization of Maryland. He then returned to Rome and into the service of the Barberini.

After his return to Rome , he was named titular archbishop of Tarsus on September 16, 1641 . It was a titular archbishop's seat and thus the Pope had a person with the rank of bishop, whom he could immediately send on diplomatic missions. On December 8, 1641, he was ordained bishop in Cologne by the Apostolic Nuncio Fabio Chigi . Rossetti was sent with the title of extraordinary nuncio to the peace congress in Münster and Osnabrück, which was supposed to end the Thirty Years War . After the congress he stayed in Cologne as a nuncio for two years. On May 4, 1643 he succeeded Cardinal Francesco Cennini as Bishop of Faenza . Although he became Cardinal Bishop of Tusculum (Frascati) in 1676 , he continued to administer Faenza until his death in 1681. During his tenure he conducted at least nine diocesan synods .

Cardinalate

In the consistory of July 13, 1643 he was elevated to cardinal by Pope Urban VIII. and sent to Cologne as Legatus a latere and as ambassador in September of that year . A year later he was called back to Rome because the Pope was seriously ill. He left Germany on May 11, 1644, but did not come to Rome in time for the Pope's death on July 29, 1644. He took part in the conclave of 1644 , which began on August 9, 1644. He was a loyal supporter of the Barberini faction. Although he supported Cardinal Giulio Cesare Sacchetti , nominated by the Kingdom of France , the election of Giovanni Battista Pamphili as Pope Innocent X had no negative effects. On November 28, 1644 he was appointed cardinal deacon of San Cesareo in Palatio .

On August 18, 1653, he moved to the class of cardinal priests to the titular church Santa Maria in Via and on March 9, 1654 to San Silvestro in Capite . After 18 years on this title, he was appointed Cardinal Priest of San Lorenzo in Lucina on November 14, 1672 . From January 12, 1654 to January 10, 1656 he was chamberlain of the Holy College of Cardinals .

In the 1655 conclave he was against Cardinal Fabio Chigi. When he was elected as Pope Alexander VII , Rossetti returned to the Faenza diocese and did not visit Rome until the conclave in 1667 . In the conclave he supported Cardinal d'Elci. His candidacy failed and Cardinal Giulio Rospigliosi became Pope Clement XI with the help of the Barberini faction . elected.

Cardinal Rossetti also took part in the conclaves of 1669-1670 and 1676 .

Under Pope Innocent XI. he was on October 19, 1676 Cardinal Bishop of Frascati (Tusculum) and on January 8, 1680 Cardinal Bishop of Porto-Santa Rufina . He died in Faenza on November 23, 1681 at the age of 67 and was buried in its cathedral.

literature

  • Domenico Fantozzi-Parma: Diario del viaggio fatto in Inghilterra nel 1639 dal Nunzio pontificio Rossetti (ed. G. Ferraro) (Bologna: Gaetano Romagnoli 1885).
  • Giuseppe Ferraro: Viaggio del Cardinale Rossetti fatto nel 1644 da Colonia a Ferrara, scritto dal suo segretario Armanni Vincenzo. In: Atti e memorie della R. Deputazione di storia patria per le provincie di Romagna. 3 Series 6. Bologna 1888, pp. 1-90.
  • Gregorio Leti: Il cardinalismo di Santa Chiesa ,: divisa in trè parti. Part II. Nella stamperia del Daniel Elsevier, 1668, pp. 184-186. [An apostate, propagandist, enemy by Urban VIII]
  • Lorenzo Cardella: Memorie storiche de 'cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. VII. Pagliarini, Rome 1793, pp. 32-35.
  • Ph. Dengel: Cardinal Karl Rossetti on his hike through Tyrol in 1644. In: Research and communications on the history of Tyrol and Vorarlberg. I. 1904, pp. 264-281.
  • JS Kenyon: The Stuart Constitution, 1603-1688: Documents and Commentary. 2nd Edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1986.
  • Gianna Vancini: Carlo Rossetti: cardinale ferrarese nunzio apostolico e legato a latere nell'Europa del Seicento (1615–1681). Edizioni Arstudio C, Portomaggiore 2005.
  • Katie Whitaker: A Royal Passion. The Turbulent Marriage of King Charles I of England and Henrietta Maria of France. W. Norton & Company, New York 2010, ISBN 978-0-393-06079-9 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Patritius Gauchat: Hierarchia catholica medii et recentioris aevi . tape IV . Monasterii, Sl 1935, OCLC 490968484 , p. 328 , note 5 .
  2. ↑ a b Lorenzo Cardella: Memorie storiche de 'cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. VII, p. 32 and Christoph Weber: The papal trainee teachers 1566–1809. Chronology and prosopography . tape 3: 1 . Anton Hiersemann, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 978-3-7772-0335-5 .
  3. ^ S. Miranda: Carlo Rossetti. Florida International University, last update May 2012.
  4. ^ Alison Plowden: Henrietta Maria: Charles I's Indomitable Queen Sutton, Stroud 2001, p. 135.
  5. ↑ Il Conte Bisaccione. In: Delle Guerre Civili d'Inghilterra. 2nd edition, 1653, quoted in John Bargrave: Pope Alexander the Seventh and the College of Cardinals. Pp. 17-18.
  6. ↑ John Barg Rave, James Craigie Robertson: Pope Alexander the Seventh and the College of Cardinals . Camden Society, London 1867, pp. 17th ff . ( books.google.com ).
  7. ^ Katie Whitaker: A Royal Passion: The Turbulent Marriage of King Charles I of England and Henrietta Maria of France. (W. Norton & Company, New York 2010 p. 177).
  8. ^ M. Perceval-Maxwell: The outbreak of the Irish Rebellion of 1641. McGill-Queens, Montreal / Kingston / London / Buffalo 1994, ISBN 0-7735-1157-1 , p. 197. ( books.google.de )
  9. ^ Documents. In: American Historical Review. 12, 1907, pp. 584-587.
  10. ↑ Patritius Gauchat: Hierarchia catholica medii et recentioris aevi . tape IV . Monasterii, Sl 1935, OCLC 490968484 , p. 328 .
  11. ↑ Lorenzo Cardella: Memorie storiche de 'cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa VII. Pagliarini, Rome 1793, pp. 33-34.
  12. ↑ Patritius Gauchat: Hierarchia catholica medii et recentioris aevi . tape IV . Monasterii, Sl 1935, OCLC 490968484 , p. 185 , note 7 .
  13. ^ Ferdinandus Ughelli: Italia sacra. (ed. N. Colet) Volume 2. Sebastian Colet, Venice 1717, p. 512. or Lorenzo Cardella: Memorie storiche de 'cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. VII, p. 34.
  14. ↑ Patritius Gauchat: Hierarchia catholica medii et recentioris aevi . tape IV . Monasterii, Sl 1935, OCLC 490968484 , p. 26 .
  15. ^ Giuseppe Ferraro: Viaggio del Cardinale Rossetti fatto nel 1644 da Colonia a Ferrara, scritto dal suo segretario Armanni Vincenzo. In: Atti e memorie della R. Deputazione di storia patria per le provincie di Romagna. 3, Series 6. Bologna 1888, p. 4 and p. 8 n.
  16. ↑ JS Adams, Sede Vacante and Conclave of 1644. Accessed: March 18, 2016th
  17. ↑ Patritius Gauchat: Hierarchia catholica medii et recentioris aevi . tape IV . Monasterii, Sl 1935, OCLC 490968484 , p. 59 .
  18. ^ John Paul Adams: Sede Vacante 1667. California State University. Accessed March 17, 2016.
  19. ↑ JS Adams: Sede Vacante 1669-1670. Accessed October 26, 2017.
  20. ↑ JS Adams: Sede Vacante 1676. Accessed March 17, 2016.
  21. ^ Entry on Carlo Cardinal Rossetti on catholic-hierarchy.org . Cardella, p. 35.
predecessor Office successor
Cesare Facchinetti Cardinal Bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina
1680–1681 		Niccolò Albergati-Ludovisi
Virginio Orsini Cardinal Bishop of Frascati
1676–1680 		Alderano Cibo
personal data
SURNAME Rossetti, Carlo
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Roscetti, Carlo; Rossetti, Count Charles; Rossetti, Prince
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Italian cardinal from a noble family from Ferrara
DATE OF BIRTH 1614
PLACE OF BIRTH Ferrara
DATE OF DEATH November 23, 1681
Place of death Faenza