Cesàrolith
| Cesàrolith | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| General and classification | |
| chemical formula | PbMn 3 4+ O 6 (OH) 2 |
|
Mineral class (and possibly department) |
Oxides and hydroxides |
|
System no. to Strunz and to Dana |
4.FG.10 ( 8th edition : IV / D.08) 07.06.01.01 |
| Crystallographic Data | |
| Crystal system | hexagonal |
| Crystal class ; symbol | Please complete |
| Lattice parameters | a = 2.81 Å ; c = 20.39 Å |
| Formula units | Z = 1 |
| Physical Properties | |
| Mohs hardness | 4.5 |
| Density (g / cm 3 ) | measured: 5.29 |
| Cleavage | Please complete |
| colour | steel gray |
| Line color | Please complete |
| transparency | opaque |
| shine | matt to semi-metallic |
| Other properties | |
| Chemical behavior | easily soluble in hydrochloric acid |
Cesàrolith is a rarely occurring mineral from the mineral class of " oxides and hydroxides " with the chemical composition PbMn 3 4+ O 6 (OH) 2 and is therefore chemically a lead - manganese hydroxide.
Cesàrolith crystallizes in the hexagonal crystal system and is mostly found in the form of brittle, kidney-like crusts or coke-like masses of a matt, steel-gray color.
Etymology and history
Cesàrolith was first discovered in the "Sidi Amor ben Salem Mine" near Tajerouine in the Tunisian government of Kef and described in 1920 by Henri Jean François Buttgenbach (1874–1964) and C. Gillet, who named the mineral after the Belgian professor of mineralogy and crystallography at the University of Liège Giuseppe Raimondo Pio Cesàro (1849–1939) named.
classification
In the now outdated, but still in use 8th edition of the mineral classification according to Strunz , the Cesàrolith belonged to the mineral class of "oxides and hydroxides" and there to the department of "oxides with the molar ratio of metal : oxygen = 1: 2", where it was used together with ankangite (since 2012 variety of Mannardit ), Coronadit , Henrymeyerit , Hollandit , Kryptomelan , Mannardit, Manjiroit , Priderit , Redledgeit and Strontiomelan the "Kryptomelan-Gruppe" with the system no. IV / D.08 .
The 9th edition of Strunz's mineral systematics , which has been in effect since 2001 and is used by the International Mineralogical Association (IMA), also assigns Cesàrolith to the class of "oxides and hydroxides", but in the department of "hydroxides (without V or U) " a. This section is further subdivided according to the possible presence of hydroxide ions or crystal water and the crystal structure , so that the mineral according to its composition and structure is classified in the sub-section “Hydroxides with OH, without H 2 O; unclassified ”can be found, where it is the only member of the unnamed group 4.FG.10 .
The systematics of minerals according to Dana , which is mainly used in the English-speaking world , assigns Cesàrolith to the class of "oxides and hydroxides" and there in the category of "multiple oxides". Here he is to be found as the only member in the unnamed group 07.06.01 within the sub-section " Multiple oxides with the formula A (B) 4 X 9 ".
Crystal structure
Cesàrolith crystallizes in hexagonal symmetry, although the space group is not yet known. The lattice parameters are a = 2.81 Å and c = 20.39 Å with one formula unit per unit cell .
Education and Locations
Cesàrolith forms in cavities of galena and is associated with it , but also with coronadite
As a rare mineral formation, Cesàrolith has so far (as of 2012) only been proven at a few sites. Around 20 sites are known to date, with the type locality "Sidi Amor ben Salem Mine" being the only known one in Tunisia .
In Germany , the mineral has so far only been known from the Clara mine near Oberwolfach in the Black Forest and in Austria , Arzberg am Semmering in the Styrian municipality of Spital am Semmering is also only one known site for Cesàrolith. In Switzerland , too, only one site is known to date: Tête des Econduits on Mont Chemin in the municipality of Martigny ( canton of Valais ).
Other locations include the Kechikaya deposit in the Madan ore field in Bulgaria , the “La Sanguinéde Mine” near Saint-Laurent-le-Minier , Le Kaymar and Germs-sur-Oussouet ( Occitania ) in France , Krupka (German pearl barley) in Czech Republic , the lead mine near Szabadbattyán in Fejér County , Hungary , Roughton Gill and Cranmore in England, and Talybont and Pontrhydygroes in Wales in the United Kingdom and Bisbee (Arizona) in the United States of America .
See also
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Hugo Strunz , Ernest H. Nickel : Strunz Mineralogical Tables. Chemical-structural Mineral Classification System . 9th edition. E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagbuchhandlung (Nägele and Obermiller), Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-510-65188-X , p. 241 .
- ↑ a b Cesàrolite . In: John W. Anthony, Richard A. Bideaux, Kenneth W. Bladh, Monte C. Nichols (Eds.): Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineralogical Society of America . 2001 ( handbookofmineralogy.org [PDF; 67 kB ; accessed on May 27, 2018]).
- ↑ Mineral Atlas: Cesàrolith
- ↑ J. Melon: Memorial of Henri Buttgenbach . In: The American Mineralogist . tape 53 , 1968 ( minsocam.org [PDF; 5.8 MB ; accessed on May 27, 2018]).
- ↑ a b Mindat - Cesàrolite