Charles de Wailly

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Charles de Wailly, marble bust by Augustin Pajou , 1789
Castle Laken
Montmusard Castle
Small palace theater by Seneffe
Théatre L'Odeon, Paris
Castle project for Kassel-Wilhelmshöhe
Pulpit in St. Sulpice, Paris
Project to renovate the Panthéon in Paris

Charles de Wailly (born November 9, 1730 in Paris , † November 2, 1798 ibid) was a French architect and town planner. He was considered one of the most important representatives of French early classicism .

Life

De Wailly began his training with Jean-Laurent Legeay ; among his classmates was Etienne-Louis Boullée . At the age of 19 he was accepted at the private art school Jacques-François Blondels , where he met William Chambers and Giovanni Niccolo Servandoni . In 1752 he won the Grand Prix de Rome in Architecture, which enabled him to spend three years at the Académie de France in Rome. He shared the scholarship with his friend Pierre-Louis Moreau-Desproux . Both took part in the excavations of Diocletian's baths . In Rome he made friends with the sculptor Augustin Pajou , who created busts of him and his wife.

His first major commission was to build the Montmusard Castle near Dijon in 1764 . Under Jacques-Ange Gabriel , he worked on the interior design of the Royal Opera of Versailles in 1767 . In the same year, the royal building director Abel-François Poisson de Vandières , brother of Madame de Pompadour , commissioned him with the first drafts for a theater of the Comédie-Française and work on his castle in Menars .

Together with Marie-Joseph Peyre , he was appointed architect of the Château de Fontainebleau in 1772 . A long stay in Genoa followed in 1773 to renovate the palace of the Spinola family . He traveled to Italy several times on the matter and took the opportunity to acquire antique marble sculptures in order to then sell them profitably to wealthy customers in Paris.

In 1779, royal approval was granted to build the Comédie-Française Theater, now the Théâtre National de l'Odéon . Execution and interior decoration were carried out together with Marie-Joseph Peyre and lasted three years.

Landgrave Friedrich II of Hessen-Kassel visited Paris in 1781 and commissioned de Wailly to plan the renovation of the Landgrave's Palace in Kassel and its integration into the urban development. De Wailly came to Kassel in 1782 and presented his plans there. This was followed in 1785 by three projects to rebuild Weissenstein Castle , later called Wilhelmshöhe, which, however, were not carried out due to the death of Friedrich on October 31, 1785.

During the same period, designs for theater and palace buildings were made for the governor of the Austrian Netherlands Albert Kasimir von Sachsen-Teschen in Brussels .

After the French Revolution in 1795 he was elected to the newly founded Institut national des sciences et des arts , department of architecture. He was also appointed curator for paintings and sent to the annexed countries of Belgium and Holland to select works of art for Paris. After his death in 1799, Jean-François Chalgrin took over his seat in the academy.

family

De Wailly was married to Adelaide Flora Belleville. His brother Noël-François De Wailly (1724-1801) was a well-known linguist.

Works

France

Belgium

Germany

Italy

Russia

Awards

literature

in alphabetical order by authors / editors

  • Allan Braham: Charles de Wailly and Early Neo-Classicism. In: The Burlington Magazine . Vol. 114, No. 835, October 1972, pp. 670-685, JSTOR 877093 .
  • Allan Braham: The Architecture of the French Enlightenment. University of California Press, Berkeley CA et al. 1980, ISBN 0-520-04117-8 .
  • Richard Cleary: Wailly, Charles de. In: Jane Turner (Ed.): The Dictionary of Art . Volume 32: Varnish to Wavere. Reprinted with minor corrections. Grove et al., New York NY et al. 1998, ISBN 1-884446-00-0 , pp. 766-769.
  • Hans-Christoph Dittscheid: Charles de Wailly in the service of Landgrave Friedrich II of Hessen-Kassel. In: Art in Hesse and the Middle Rhine. Vol. 20, 1981, ISSN  0452-8514 , pp. 21-77.
  • Hans-Christoph Dittscheid: Kassel-Wilhelmshöhe and the crisis in palace construction at the end of the Ancien Régime. Charles De Wailly, Simon Louis Du Ry and Heinrich Christoph Jussow as architects of the palace and Löwenburg in Wilhelmshöhe (1785–1800). Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft, Worms 1987, ISBN 3-88462-029-0 .
  • Stephen Duffy: The Wallace Collection. Scala, London 2005, ISBN 1-85759-412-6 .
  • Svend Eriksen: Early Neo-Classicism in France. The Creation of the Louis Seize Style in Architectural Decoration, Furniture and Ormolu, Gold and Silver, and Sèvres Porcelain in the mid-18th Century. Faber & Faber, London, 1974, ISBN 0-571-08717-5 .
  • Monique Mosser, Daniel Rabreau: Charles De Wailly. Peintre architecte dans l'Europe des Lumières. Caisse nationale des monuments historiques et des sites, Paris 1979.
  • Louis Réau : Histoire de l'expansion de l'art français modern. Le monde slave et l'orient. Laurens, Paris 1924.

Web links

Commons : Charles De Wailly  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ This article is based on the article Charles de Wailly of the French wikipedia and the article by Hans Christoph Dittscheid from 1981 listed in the bibliography
personal data
SURNAME Wailly, Charles de
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French architect and urban planner
DATE OF BIRTH November 9, 1730
PLACE OF BIRTH Paris , France
DATE OF DEATH November 2, 1798
Place of death Paris , France