Académie de France à Rome

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Académie de France à Rome is a study center founded in 1666 to offer talented students from the Paris Academy of Arts ( Académie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture , then Académie des Beaux-Arts ) the opportunity to study the art treasures of Italy. Up until 1968, the scholarship recipients were determined in an annual competition called the coveted Prix ​​de Rome scholarship .

First phase: from the Ancien Régime to the French Revolution

Palazzo Caffarelli , seat of the Académie de France from 1673–1685. Etching by Giovanni Battista Piranesi , 18th century
Palazzo Mancini , 1725–1793 and 1801–1803 seat of the Académie de France. Etching by Giovanni Battista Piranesi , 1752

The plan for the establishment of a study center in Rome arose in 1664 at the instigation of the new superintendent of the buildings, Jean-Baptiste Colbert . The aim was to control what the king expected of his fellows: "that the painters make copies of all beautiful paintings, the sculptors make statues after antiquity and the architects make floor plans and elevations of all beautiful palaces both in Rome and the surrounding area". (Statutes of 1666, Art. XI) The house of Abbot Saraca near Sant 'Onofrio on the Ianiculus was rented . At Easter 1667, the first director Charles Errard resided there with eleven art students - including the first prize winners from 1664: Pierre Monier (1641–1703), Jean-Baptiste Corneille and Léonard Roger .

When Colbert took over the protectorate of the mother academy (as the successor to Chancellor Pierre Séguier, who died in 1672 ), the competition also became a systematic process. From 1673, two Prix ​​de peinture and two Prix ​​de sculpture , and from 1720 also the Prix ​​d'architecture, were awarded. The winners of the first prizes were awarded medals and the right to stay in Rome, usually three years. The accommodation was also new in 1673: Palazzo Caffarelli near Sant 'Andrea della Valle on the Corso. Further changes of residence took place in 1685 in the Palazzo Capranica on the opposite side of the Corso and in 1725 in the Palazzo Mancini (acquired in 1737 on behalf of the King of France) in Via del Corso.

During the unrest in the wake of the French Revolution , the Roman branch of the king's academy of art and architecture was not spared. The destruction and looting of the Palazzo Mancini in February 1793, the flight of several scholarship holders to Naples or Florence, was followed by the closure a few months later.

Award winners (selection)

In 1680 the secretary of the academy was commissioned to compile a register with the winners of the Grands Prix. The directory was continued until the Paris Academy was dissolved. Some painters and sculptors with Rome scholarships are named here. Valerius offers a complete list.

painter

sculptor

First phase directors

Twelve directors shaped the Académie de France à Rome during the first 127 years of its existence:

Second phase: from the board of directors to today

Important information is missing from this article or section. Help Wikipedia by researching and pasting it .

Villa Medici , seat of the Académie de France since 1803

In October 1795, the National Convention prepared the re-establishment of the Académie de France . Although nominated in November 1792, the new director Joseph-Benoît Suvée was only able to take up his post in November 1801. In May 1803 the decision was made to move to the Villa Medici on the Pincio . The Académie de France was affiliated to the (new) Institut de France , the Prix ​​de Rome was organized by the Académie des Beaux-Arts .

Directors of the second phase

literature

  • Jean-Paul Alaux: Académie de France à Rome. Ses directeurs, ses pensionnaires. 2 volumes. Duchartre, Paris 1933.
  • Jules Guiffrey : List of the Pensionnaires de l'Académie de France à Rome donnant les noms de tous les artistes récompensés dans les concours du Prix de Rome 1663 à 1907. Firmin-Didot, Paris 1908.
  • Henry Lapauze: Histoire de l'Académie de France à Rome. 2 volumes. Plon-Nourrit et al., Paris 1924;
    • Volume 1: 1666-1801.
    • Volume 2: 1802-1910.
  • Gudrun Valerius: Académie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture 1648–1793. History, organization, members . BoD, Norderstedt 2010, ISBN 978-3-8423-2717-7 , pages 95-102 (Académie de France à Rome) and pages 181-201 (award ceremony)

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Histoire de l'Académie, villamedici.it. Retrieved May 30, 2020 .
  2. ^ Gudrun Valerius: Académie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture 1648–1793. History, organization, members. Norderstedt 2010, pp. 187-194
  3. ^ Sam Stourdzé nommé directeur de la Villa Médicis à Rome. lemonde.fr, March 6, 2020. Accessed May 30, 2020 .