Constanze Mozart
Maria Constanze Caecilia Josepha Johanna Aloisia Mozart née Constanze Weber; (* 5. January 1762 in Zell im Wiesental , † 6. March 1842 in Salzburg ) was an Austrian soprano and executor of the works of her husband Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart . She was the cousin of Carl Maria von Weber .
Life
Constanze Mozart was the third of four daughters of Franz Fridolin Weber and Maria Cäcilia Cordula Stamm. The family had lived in Mannheim since July 1764 , where the father was the bassist and copyist at the theater and the second oldest sister Aloisia was a coloratura soprano . It was there that Mozart and Constanze Weber met in 1777. However, Mozart initially fell in love with her sister Aloisia. In 1781 Mozart met the Weber family, who had meanwhile moved to Vienna . Aloisia had meanwhile married Joseph Lange . In Vienna Mozart lived with the Webers for a while, but had to change his apartment “because of the talk of the people”.
On 4 August 1782, the two were married with dispensation from the three-time squad . Judging from Mozart's letters, it was a happy marriage. She gave him the inspiration he needed for his compositions. Several works have been written for her, including the soprano part of the Great C minor Mass , which she was supposed to sing at the premiere in the St. Petersburg Church in Salzburg . She also accompanied him on most of his travels.
During her marriage to Mozart, Constanze was pregnant six times in eight years, which drained her strength to such an extent that she was repeatedly confined to bed. Four of the children Raimund Leopold (1783), Carl Thomas (1784–1858), Johann Leopold (1786), Theresia (1787), Anna (1789) and Franz Xaver Wolfgang (1791–1844) died as infants. She was also burdened by frequent moves and the lack of money in recent years.
After Mozart's death in 1791, Constanze was left alone with her two children and her husband's debts. In order to support herself and the children, she and her sister Aloisia organized several benefit concerts and in 1795/96 a concert tour with Mozart's works. She brought the children to the Vila Bertramka estate belonging to the befriended couple Josepha and Franz Xaver showerk near Prague . She did not sell the remaining autographs by Mozart immediately, but only at the turn of the year 1799/1800 to the Offenbach music publisher Johann Anton André . Ten years later, in 1809, married Constanze in Bratislava Georg Nikolaus Nissen , a Danish legation secretary and diplomat, with whom she in 1810 after Copenhagen moved. The couple traveled to Germany between 1820 and 1824 before moving to Salzburg in August 1824. Here at the latest, she and her husband began working on one of the first biographies about W. A. Mozart. Nissen died in 1826. Constanze published the biography in 1828.
In 1826 her widowed sister Sophie moved in with her and looked after her until her death. The remains of Constanze are buried in the grave of the Nissen / Mozart family in the Sankt Sebastian cemetery in Salzburg. Her father-in-law Leopold Mozart is not buried in this grave, but his bones lie in the communal crypt of Sankt Sebastian.
In 2005 a copy of a daguerreotype allegedly from 1840 was found in Altötting , on which the 78-year-old Constanze is supposed to be shown together with the family of the composer Max Keller . The authenticity was questioned because the daguerreotype had only been invented a year earlier and no other open-air group pictures from this time have survived ( Carl Ferdinand Stelzner's recording of the Hamburg Artists' Association dates from 1843). An investigation by the Bavarian State Criminal Police Office came to the conclusion that several features on the old lady's face can also be found in earlier portraits of Constanze. The photo was probably taken by the Burghausen artist Karl Klemens della Croce , a grandson of Johann Nepomuk della Croce .
reception
2006 was the "musical comedy" The Weberischen of Felix Mitterer , which tells the story of Constanze Mozart and her family, premiered by the United Stages of Vienna.
In 2006, Heidi Knoblich published the biographical novel Constanze Mozart nee Weber . On her initiative, a new floribunda rose from the breeding company W. Kordes' sons Constanze Mozart was named and christened by Countess Bettina Bernadotte on July 13, 2012 . On July 29th, a flower bed planted with Constanze Mozart was ceremoniously unveiled in the city park of Constanze's birthplace, Zell.
literature
- Constantin von Wurzbach : Mozart, Constanze . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 19th part. Kaiserlich-Königliche Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Vienna 1868, pp. 295–297 ( digitized version ).
- Erich Valentin : The will of Constanze Mozart-Nissen. With biographical notes about Constanze and Georg Nikolaus Nissen. In: New Mozart Yearbook. 2, 1942, ZDB -ID 206550-2 , pp. 128-175.
- Klemens Diez: Constanze ... Mozart's widow. Your unwritten memories. Based on mostly authentic documents. Österreichischer Verlags-Anstalt et al., Vienna et al. 1982. ISBN 3-85202-080-8
- Hans Fräulin: The Weber family, ancestors Carl Maria v. Webers and Constanze Mozarts, in the history of the city of Zell iW In: Das Markgräflerland, issue 2/1987, pp. 140–149. Digitized version of the Freiburg University Library
- Heinz E. Walter: Mozart's Baden relatives. In: Das Markgräflerland, issue 1/1992, pp. 69–77. Digitized version of the Freiburg University Library
- Constanze Nissen-Mozart: Diary of my correspondence regarding Mozart's biography (1828–1837) . Retransmission and commentary by Rudolph Angermüller . Bock, Bad Honnef 1999. ISBN 3-87066-493-2
- Werner Ogris : Mozart in family and inheritance law of his time. Engagement - marriage - inheritance. Böhlau, Cologne et al. 1999. ISBN 3-205-99161-3
- Karsten Nottelmann: Messages about "the god-blessed clover" . In: Mozart Yearbook 2003/04. ISSN 1861-9053 , pp. 199-225.
- Renate Welsh : Constanze Mozart. An insignificant woman. Newly revised edition. Deutscher Taschenbuchverlag, Munich 2004. ISBN 3-423-25221-9
- Heidi Knoblich : Constanze Mozart née Weber. A biographical novel , Silberburg-Verlag, Tübingen 2006. ISBN 978-3-87407-905-1
- Volkmar Schappacher: Problems of family research in the ancestors of Konstanze Mozart née Weber and the composer Carl Maria von Weber. In: Das Markgräflerland, Volume 2/2006, pp. 125-138. Digitized version of the Freiburg University Library
- Lea Singer : The bare life. Novel. Deutscher Taschenbuchverlag, Munich 2007.
- Volker Keller: The photo of Constanze Mozart from Mannheim. In: Badische Heimat , issue 1/2007, pp. 155–156 pdf
- Gesa Finke: The composer's widow Constanze Mozart. Preserving music and creating memories . Böhlau, Cologne et al. 2013. ISBN 978-3-412-21082-3 ( Michael Lorenz : Review in Die Tonkunst , April 2015 ).
- Gesa Finke: Constanze Mozart's activities as an estate administrator in the context of knowledge cultures around 1800 . In: Reports on the History of Science 37 (2014), pp. 201–215.
- Ulrich Konrad : composer's widows. In general, and in particular: Constanze Mozart . In: Die Tonkunst 8 (2014), Heft 4, pp. 474–486.
- Heidi Knoblich : The highly musical bailiff family Weber in Zell. Constanze Mozart and Carl Maria von Weber's father were born in the former administrative building in Zell. In: Das Markgräflerland, Volume 1/2015, pp. 94-109.
- Viveca Servatius: Constanze Mozart: a biography . Böhlau, Cologne et al. 2018. ISBN 978-3-205-20596-8
- Michael Lorenz : Short review of Servatius' biography by Constanze Mozart , Amazon, September 28, 2019.
Web links
- Literature by and about Constanze Mozart in the catalog of the German National Library
- Monika Kammerlander: Article “Constanze Mozart” . In: MUGI. Music education and gender research: Lexicon and multimedia presentations , ed. by Beatrix Borchard and Nina Noeske, University of Music and Theater Hamburg, 2003ff. As of May 29, 2018
- Constanze Mozart. In: FemBio. Women's biography research (with references and citations).
- Constanze Mozart in the Bavarian Musicians' Lexicon Online (BMLO)
- Website about Constanze Mozart and her family by Siegfried Kiefer
- "Yes! Eine Weberische! ” , Article by Heidi Knoblich in the Badische Zeitung , January 7, 2012
Individual evidence
- ↑ Wedding book - 02-074 | 01., Vienna - St. Stephan | Vienna, rk. Archdiocese (eastern Lower Austria and Vienna) | Austria | Matricula Online. Retrieved October 25, 2017 .
- ↑ Georg Nikolaus von Nissen : WA Mozart’s biography . Ed .: Constanze, widow von Nissen, formerly widow Mozart. Breitkopf and Härtel, Leipzig 1828, urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb10600192-7 .
- ^ Haibel (Haibl), Sophie. In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 2, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1959, p. 148.
- ↑ Photo discovery: Mozart's widow Constanze is in the picture . In: Spiegel Online . July 6, 2006
- ↑ Constanze Mozart poses for a photo . In: Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger . July 19, 2006
- ↑ The riddle about the Constanze photo . In: Badische Zeitung . March 1, 2012
- ^ Alfred Zeller: Early photography in Altötting: 1840 to 1934 . Sutton Verlag GmbH, 2013, ISBN 978-3-95400-298-6 ( google.de [accessed January 1, 2020]).
- ↑ Rose "Constanze Mozart". In: Tourismus-BW. Retrieved October 12, 2019 .
- ↑ Roswitha Frey: "Constanze Mozart" blossoms in Zell. In: Badische Zeitung . July 31, 2012, accessed October 12, 2019 .
personal data | |
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SURNAME | Mozart, Constanze |
ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Mozart, Maria Constanze Caecilia Josepha Johanna Aloisia (full name); Weber, Constanze (maiden name) |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Soprano and administrator of the works of her husband Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart |
BIRTH DATE | January 5, 1762 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Zell im Wiesental , Upper Austria , Habsburg Monarchy , Holy Roman Empire (today: Baden-Württemberg , Germany ) |
DATE OF DEATH | March 6, 1842 |
PLACE OF DEATH | Salzburg , Austrian Empire |