Cruceni (Arad)
|
Cruceni Kreuzstätten Keresztes, Temeskeresztes |
|||||
|
|||||
| Basic data | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State : |
 Romania
|
||||
| Historical region : | Banat | ||||
| Circle : | Arad | ||||
| Municipality : | Șagu | ||||
| Coordinates : | 46 ° 4 ' N , 21 ° 20' E | ||||
| Time zone : | EET ( UTC +2) | ||||
| Residents : | 621 (2002) | ||||
| Postal code : | 317311 | ||||
| Telephone code : | (+40) 02 57 | ||||
| License plate : | AR | ||||
| Structure and administration | |||||
| Community type : | Village | ||||
Cruceni (German: Kreuzstätten , Hungarian: Keresztes , Temeskeresztes ) is a village in Arad County , Banat , Romania . Cruceni belongs to the Șagu municipality .
location
Cruceni is located south of Arad on the left bank of the Marosch and is therefore part of the historical Banat region.
Neighboring places
| Zădăreni | Sânnicolau Mic | Fântânele |
| Șagu |
.svg)
|
Tisa Noua |
| Vinga | Hunedoara Timișana | Firiteaz |
etymology
There are different variants of the origin of the name. According to a legend, Kreuzstätten got its name as a result of the layout of the village in the form of a double cross with the church as the center.
Another variant of the origin of the name says that the first settlers found a wooden cross in the ground when they arrived. A third legend tells again that a golden cross was brought to the light of day when digging foundations.
The fact is that a large church was built here for three villages: Kreuzstätten, Wiesenhaid and Segenthau .
Residents
The village had the largest population in the period 1890-1940. In 1940, 1175 people were registered. On January 1, 1974, 817 inhabitants were counted in Kreuzstätten. Most of the deaths in the village were recorded between 1870 and 1895, when cholera , scarlet fever , diphtheria and other epidemics raged.
Demographics
| count | nationality | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| year | population | Romanians | Hungary | German | other | |||
| 1880 | 946 | 16 | - | 882 | 48 | |||
| 1910 | 1106 | 29 | 91 | 986 | - | |||
| 1966 | 755 | 327 | 16 | 412 | - | |||
| 1977 | 813 | 465 | 19th | 283 | 46 | |||
| 1992 | 613 | 565 | 15th | 10 | 23 | |||
| 2002 | 621 | 597 | 9 | 4th | 11 | |||
history
The place was founded in 1771 for 63 families by the impopulation director Carl Samuel Neumann Edler von Buchholt and arose on the overland of the Romanian town of Fiscut. In 1771, 62 German families (280 people) from Würzburg , Strasbourg , Bamberg , Alsace , Lorraine , Bohemia and Switzerland settled four kilometers east of Segenthau. In 1782 the place was expanded by Ludwig von Alberti and new streets were created. The place was shaped like a double cross with the church in the middle. The streets had names like Großgasse, Herrengasse, Pfarrgasse, Brunnengasse, Friedhofgasse, Heckengasse, Kleinhäuslergasse, Rossengasse, Stroßegasse and Haltergasse.
church
All of the settlers from Kreuzstätten were of the Roman Catholic faith. Only later did Greek Catholic and Orthodox believers join them. From the beginning the pastoral care was taken care of by the Fathers of the Franciscan and Minorite Order from Arad. Construction of the church began in 1780 and on September 14, 1783 it was consecrated by Bishop Emmerich Christovich . The church was a patronage building and was built in the baroque style. The greatest decoration is, besides the organ, the high altar and the altarpiece "Christ on the Cross". The annual parish festival is also celebrated on the feast of the Exaltation of the Cross .
school
In 1784 the first school building was built. It had a spacious classroom and the teacher's apartment. The large landowner Fruhmer held the school patronage. In 1902 the school was expanded. In 1908 the construction of the state school began, which still exists today. It includes two classrooms, an office and a teacher's apartment. As a result of the Treaty of Trianon , Kreuzstätten fell to Romania. In 1926 the village was declared a large community and had its own notary.
Sons and daughters of the place
- Paul Wittmann (1900–1985), Romanian-German church musician and composer
See also
literature
- Elke Hoffmann, Peter-Dietmar Leber , Walter Wolf : The Banat and the Banat Swabians , Volume 5: Cities and Villages, Munich 2011.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Varga E. Census data for Arad county 1880 - 1992 (PDF; 784 kB)
- ↑ uni-heidelberg.de , Swantje Volkmann : The architecture of the 18th century in the Temescher Banat , Heidelberg 2001