DAK health

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DAK health
logo
social insurance statutory health insurance
Cash register type Substitute Fund
legal form Public corporation
founding July 1, 2016
Jurisdiction GermanyGermany Germany
Seat Hamburg
Board Andreas Storm (Chair)
Hajo Hessabi (Deputy)
Thomas Bodmer
Board of Directors Dieter Schröder (Chair)
Horst Zöller (Deputy)
Supervisory authority Federal Social Security Office
Insured approx. 5.7 million (2019)
Budget volume 23.4 billion euros (2020)
Offices around 320 (2019)
Employee approx.12,000 (2019)
Website www.dak.de
Headquarters of DAK-Gesundheit in Hamburg (2018)

The DAK-Health based in Hamburg is a German national institute of health insurance . It is a corporation under public law with self-administration within the statutory health insurance . It is the German health insurance company with the oldest history, which is documented and dates back to 1774. For the first time from 1930 (with an interruption in the time of National Socialism ) until 2011 it was called the German Salaried Health Insurance Fund ( DAK ), and since 2012 it has had its current name.

history

The origins

DAK-Gesundheit is the German health insurance company with the oldest history. The first mention is the establishment of the institute for the best of needy clerks in 1774 in the then Prussian city of Breslau . The 279 founding members wrote Christian charity as well as purposeless humanity towards the needy in their statute. In Breslau there is also the Schuhbrücke (now: Szewska) 50/51 building, the first DAK-Gesundheit office, which acquired "Cassa" in 1836.

The second, formative forerunner of today's DAK-Gesundheit is the Association of Action Commis (VHC) founded in 1858 by 58 handlers in Hamburg, the current headquarters of DAK-Gesundheit. The aim of this alliance was to “help volunteers to get employment in the most cost-free way possible, that is, by eliminating all so-called agency fees or brokerage fees.”

Both the Breslau Institute and the Hamburg Association were a mixture of employment office, vocational school and charitable private insurance, which provided support in the event of illness and unemployment, promoted vocational training, brokered jobs and paid death grants.

Bismarckian Age, Auxiliary Cash Act and Empire

The establishment of the German nation-state in 1871 and the Auxiliary Funds Act of 1876 changed the originally self-organized and locally oriented funds permanently. It was a first step towards government regulation of employee insurance. For the first time there was a law that - at least in principle - was based on the legal equality of all male citizens. It established norms throughout the empire, gave the registered auxiliary funds the status of a legal person and limited their liability to the treasury. In addition, the law established a national coexistence of free and compulsory health insurance funds. At the same time, the entrepreneurial freedom of the funds was curtailed in favor of state regulation.

The beginnings of compulsory insurance

Another milestone was the law on health insurance for workers passed in 1883 . To this day, its basic structures determine the German health insurance system. Although the law did not perceive employees as a large social group - an insurance obligation for employees only followed in 1911 - it brought an enormous increase in members to the VHC health insurance fund, which has been registered as a registered auxiliary fund since 1885 under the name of the Association for Action Commis of 1858 eH . In the year of its description, the fund had more than three times as many members as the other auxiliary funds, and by 1911 the number of members had grown thirty-fold. The success is based in large part on rapid expansion into the rest of the Reich.

Auxiliary funds as a forerunner of the substitute funds

The boom in the establishment of independent relief funds, triggered by the Workers' Insurance Act, produced, among other things, the “Central Health and Funeral Fund for Members of the Association of German Handlers in Leipzig”, another predecessor of the DAK. With daily sickness allowance after three days and dental treatments as well as the establishment of rest homes, their catalog of services became trend-setting. The auxiliary funds are the direct predecessors of the substitute funds, to which the DAK belongs. They primarily insured employees who were not covered by workers' health insurance. The relief funds were self-administered, often offering their members a free choice of doctor and significantly higher benefits.

Inseparable union: trade unions and health insurance companies

In addition to increasing coverage in the event of illness, the new medium-sized businesses organized themselves as trade unions. The unions often set up health insurances in order to be able to offer potential members added value. This also includes the German National Sales Aid Association (DHV), founded in 1893, and its health insurance fund, which by 1914 rose to become the largest commercial aid fund in Germany. In a time of social and economic upheaval, the DHV not only deliberately excluded social democrats and women, but also spread anti-Semitic propaganda that paved the way for later National Socialism. An ideological view that many employees shared.

Weimar Republic: The DAK is born

The time of the Weimar Republic brought structural changes in the area of ​​the trade unions and their health insurance funds, which were resumed after the end of National Socialism and which remained formative for the health insurance system in the Federal Republic until the health reforms of the late 20th century. The division of the salaried employees initiated by the establishment of the DHV was manifested in the 1920s with the establishment of the three large union blocs. In addition to the right-wing DHV, the left-wing liberal trade union federation of German employees (GDA) and the left-wing general free employee federation (AfA) were created. The DAK's predecessors belonged to the GDA. After a series of mergers, including with the Leipziger Kassel and the Breslau Institute, the fund was finally renamed in 1930 to the German Employee Health Insurance Fund (DAK).

Pioneer in child and youth welfare

The DAK offered its members low prices and paid the doctors better so that the insured received individual and careful treatment. She granted health, weekly and family benefits, family insurance and death benefits . The structure was democratically structured and consisted of a general meeting of the members, the supervisory board and the main board, each with elected chairmen.

But as early as the 1920s, the health insurance fund was struggling with increasing financial burdens, which was due, among other things, to the rise in new healing methods and the mentality of the insured to “go to the doctor for every little thing”. At the same time, it took on a pioneering role in health care for children and adolescents, for example by setting up a health resort in Bad Frankenhausen .

The DAK at the time of National Socialism

The DAK survived the synchronization through subordination and complete redesign. It became one of the five occupational health insurance funds under the umbrella of the National Socialist Employees' Union (NSA) and from then on was exclusively responsible for these as the professional health insurance fund for female employees (BdwA). The efforts of the National Socialists to found a standard health insurance fund were not realized. The substitute funds were retained. Due to numerous restructuring, however, they were autonomous for the first time in their history from 1934, that is, without the financial and organizational backing of powerful associations.

The cash register policy of the time of National Socialism was characterized by regulations that originated from the National Socialist population policy, such as the special promotion of married cash register employees or the performance improvements for large families. Which was expanded child care , however, involved in the Nazi "health management" that only served to strengthen the "people" and "race" -. The management level of the cash register, coming from the DHV cash register, also represented fanatical anti-Semitism. The Second World War brought the BdwA into compulsory association with the professional health insurance fund for clerks and female employees (BKW). The gaps in the cashier's staff resulting from compulsory military service were increasingly closed by women who had lost their jobs to unemployed men in 1933. In addition, from 1942 onwards, the health insurance companies were responsible for collecting all social security contributions (health, unemployment and pension insurance). The end of the war on May 8, 1945 came before a new decision to abolish the substitute funds.

New start with old workforce

After the end of the Second World War, associations and health insurance companies quickly tied back to the time before 1933. BKW was denazified under pressure from the Allies and renamed DAK back in 1946. Once again she gave herself the impression of a union-cooperative self-help facility for employees. Most of the employees initially dismissed for political reasons were reinstated by 1952. You didn't want to forego expertise. The DAK employees were not required to seriously examine their past. At the same time, at the beginning of 1948, the DAK gave itself a democratic leadership structure that was linked to the Weimar Republic times and, by 1950, had built up a democratic self-governing structure that reached into the base. The corresponding law followed two years later.

Uniform insurance only for the GDR

The Allies initially pursued the model of a single insurance system for all social security contributions in all occupation zones. It was enforced from 1946 in the Soviet zone of occupation, later GDR , and initially in the French zone. The Basic Law and the Social Insurance Adjustment Act of the Federal Republic of 1949 finally guaranteed the continued existence of the replacement funds in all western zones. The financial crisis years 1948 to 1950, triggered a. a. Due to the currency reform of 1948 and a loss of membership of more than half of those with regular insurance as a result of the division of Germany, an upswing and economic miracle in the Federal Republic finally followed. As early as 1954, the membership of the DAK had grown again to one million, 50 percent of them women. The health insurance fund once again placed an emphasis on child and youth health, because many children and youths were still in poor health in 1953/54. The merger with the Lichterfelder Ersatzkasse (LEK) in 1951 gave the DAK, which until then had been limited to commercial employees, the opportunity to recruit members in all employee categories. In 1958 business operations were resumed in West Berlin, and in 1960 in Saarland. By the end of the 1960s, the number of DAK members had grown to more than 2.5 million. Despite expansion, the DAK remained true to its principle of a decentralized organizational structure.

Social policy reforms in the 1960s and 1970s

The socio-liberal era marked the beginning of a period of socio-political reforms which, for example, strengthened the employee's right of co-determination and made it possible to retire from the age of 63. In 1970 the DAK introduced cancer screening examinations for its members. A year later, the three millionth member was accepted.

Fall of the wall and reunification

As early as 1990 the fund began to set up branches in the future new federal states, to train employees and to recruit new members. On January 1, 1991, more than 872,000 East Germans joined the DAK. By 1997 the total number of insured persons grew to eight million, 65 percent of them women. This was partly due to the influx of new German citizens, but partly also to the free choice of health insurance providers, which has been in effect since 1996, without occupational group restrictions for the insured.

Data protection violations

In 2008 it became known that the former German Salaried Health Insurance Fund (DAK) had passed on data from around 200,000 patients to an external service provider for the care of the now-ended chronicler care program “live better”. Apparently not only identification data of the insured but also performance data have been transmitted to the company. According to information from the Federal Insurance Office (BVA) , the transmission of social data only took place after the insured had submitted a declaration of participation in the program, but without having been advised that their data would be passed on. The then DAK was awarded the Big Brother Award 2008 in the health and social category on October 24, 2008 . The Federal Insurance Office completed its review of the Better Live program in January 2009 and no longer identified any regulatory concerns.

Since 2012: DAK health

On January 1, 2012, DAK-Gesundheit emerged from the merger of the German Salaried Health Insurance Fund (DAK) with BKK Gesundheit and BKK Axel Springer .

Since mid-July 2014, the health insurance company has been offering its policyholders the option of booking doctor's appointments directly online on the DAK-Gesundheit website. The technology for this was developed by the company Arzttermine.de and used on its own website with a different design. The service is free for all users. It is not known whether, when booking via the DAK-Gesundheit internet portal, it is checked that the potential patient is really an insured person with your own health insurance company.

On July 1, 2016, DAK-Gesundheit and BKK Beiersdorf AG merged to form DAK-Gesundheit.

Predecessor health insurers

The previous health insurance funds of DAK-Gesundheit:

  • 1774: Institute for servants in need

In 1930 the name was changed from the occupational health insurance fund of the trade union federation of employees to the German employee health insurance fund (DAK).

In 2012 the name was changed to DAK-Gesundheit .

Organs of the DAK health

A three-person board of directors runs DAK-Gesundheit and is responsible for the operative business. DAK-Gesundheit is a public corporation with self-administration . The body of self-administration is the board of directors, which at DAK-Gesundheit has 28 insured representatives and 2 employer representatives. The insured person's representatives are elected every six years as part of the social election by the members of DAK-Gesundheit.

Finances

In 2015, the health insurance fund spent EUR 3,211.48 on benefits and EUR 165.79 on administration per insured person. At the end of 2015 it had total assets of EUR 433.9 million.

From February 1, 2010 to March 31, 2012, the DAK had to levy an additional fee of EUR 8.00 per month, regardless of income. Since January 1, 2015, it has been charging an additional income-related contribution of 0.9 percent of the contributory income, which rose to an above-average 1.5 percent on January 1, 2016 .

Health campaigns and prevention

Action colorful instead of blue

The poster competition bunt instead of blue - Art Against Binge drinking is organized annually since 2010 campaign against binge drinking by young people. Since then, more than 80,000 girls and boys between the ages of 12 and 17 have taken part - individually or in teams (as of February 2017). A jury will select four national winners from the winners of the individual federal states. All winning pictures will be exhibited throughout Germany as part of a traveling exhibition in schools or town halls. There are cash and material prizes to be won.

The campaign's patron is the drug commissioner of the federal government, Marlene Mortler, as well as the state premier and / or minister of health and social affairs. The campaign is supported and accompanied by the Institute for Therapy and Health Research (IFT-Nord) in Kiel, furthermore by the band Luxuslärm until 2016 , by the singer Grace Capristo in 2017 and by Emree Kavás since 2018.

In the drug and search reports of the federal government, colored instead of blue is regularly presented as a prevention campaign against alcohol abuse . The campaign is one of the ten most successful campaigns for the EU under the European Drugs Action (EEAS). With bsb, DAK-Gesundheit was the only one of 80 German campaigns to make it into the top ten and was nominated for a political award in 2011.

Action crystal clear

The poster competition colored instead of blue is embedded in the clear glass campaign. The information campaign on the subject of alcohol has existed since 2004. Various print media, a quiz with the possibility of winning, teaching units and the website www.dak.de/aktionglasklar provide information and motivate young people to deal with the subject. Other target groups are parents or teachers.

Just be smokefree

The “Just be smokefree” program is aimed at adolescents and young adults who want to quit or smoke less. The program was developed by the Institute for Therapy and Health Research (IFT-Nord). It takes a holistic approach. The basis is the analysis of your own smoking behavior. In addition, topics related to smoking, such as passive smoking, nutrition or the methods of the tobacco industry are taken up. Cash prizes are regularly raffled among the participants.

Online coaching

In addition, DAK-Gesundheit offers various online coaching - these include coaching on stress management, fitness, nutrition, work-life balance, for the back and pregnancy support as well as a general smoking cessation program.

Reporting

In various reports, DAK-Gesundheit analyzes developments in the health system and advocates the improvement of care for the insured.

Health report

The annual health report analyzes the data on the inability to work of all nationwide insured persons with DAK-Gesundheit and also examines gender, age, industry and region-specific characteristics. The reports appearing in the series of publications, Articles on Health Economics and Health Services Research, published by the chairman of the board of the health insurance fund, each deal with a key topic.

Supply report

The care report describes complex care tasks - such as stroke care - and analyzes them on the basis of internationally available scientific knowledge in order to achieve concrete improvements in care.

AMNOG report

Since 2015, DAK-Gesundheit has published an annual AMNOG report , which is published by Medhochzwei Verlag . Named after the Medicines Market Reform Act (AMNOG), it offers a systematic inventory of the AMNOG decisions and their consequences for the pharmaceutical market and patients and presents the results of the early benefit assessment and the scientific specialist conferences.

Previous monographs of the AMNOG series, the publisher of which is the chairman of the board of DAK-Gesundheit (only main authors named here):

  • Wolfgang Greiner , Julian Witte: AMNOG Report 2015. Benefit assessment of drugs in Germany (= contributions to health economics and health services research. Volume 8). Edited by Herbert Rebscher . Medhochzwei, Bielefeld / Hamburg 2015, ISBN 978-3-86216-219-2 .
  • Wolfgang Greiner, Julian Witte: AMNOG report 2016. Benefit assessment of drugs in Germany. Focus: Arbitration (= contributions to health economics and health services research. Volume 12). Edited by Herbert Rebscher. Medhochzwei, Bielefeld / Hamburg 2016, ISBN 978-3-86216-286-4 .
  • Wolfgang Greiner, Julian Witte: AMNOG Report 2017. Benefit assessment of drugs in Germany. Focus: mixed prices (= contributions to health economics and health services research. Volume 17). Edited by Andreas Storm . Medhochzwei, Bielefeld / Hamburg 2017, ISBN 978-3-86216-346-5 .
  • Wolfgang Greiner, Julian Witte: AMNOG-Report 2018. Benefit assessment of drugs in Germany. Focus: Doctor information system - how do the results come into practice? (= Contributions to health economics and health services research. Volume 22). Edited by Andreas Storm. Medhochzwei, Bielefeld / Hamburg 2018, ISBN 978-3-86216-478-3 .
  • Wolfgang Greiner, Julian Witte, Dennis Gensorowsky: AMNOG-Report 2019. Benefit assessment of drugs in Germany. Focus: Top prices for a better quality of life? (= Contributions to health economics and health services research. Volume 29). Edited by Andreas Storm. Medhochzwei, Bielefeld / Hamburg 2019, ISBN 978-3-86216-567-4 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Articles of Association of July 1, 2016 in the version of the 22nd amendment of DAK-Gesundheit, as of January 8, 2020, accessed on May 22, 2020 (PDF; 246 kB). Section 1, Paragraph 1: “The fund created on July 1, 2016 is called DAK-Gesundheit. It emerges from the voluntary association of DAK-Gesundheit and BKK Beiersdorf AG. "
  2. ↑ Board of Directors. DAK-Gesundheit website, accessed on May 22, 2020.
  3. ^ DAK health: members of the administrative board. DAK-Gesundheit website, accessed on May 22, 2020.
  4. ↑ a b DAK-Gesundheit keeps contribution rate stable for 2020. Board of Directors approves budget of 23 billion. DAK-Gesundheit, press release, December 12, 2019, accessed on May 22, 2020 (PDF).
  5. ↑ a b Markus Schmid, Julia Lamml: DAK-Gesundheit optimizes customer marketing . In: CIO , December 20, 2019, accessed May 22, 2020.
  6. ↑ Salespeople are employed salespeople both in the store and when traveling.
  7. ↑ compare Böge, Volker, Stein, Hartwig: 225 years of the DAK. Health and social responsibility. Edited by German employees health insurance, Dölling and Galitz, 1999, p. 22, in the following: Böge, Stein: 225 years of DAK.
  8. ^ Böge, Stein: 225 years of the DAK. P. 28.
  9. ^ Böge, Stein: 225 years of the DAK. P. 37.
  10. ↑ 13. Quotation from Stiller, Walther, Der VHC from 1858. Kaufmännischer Verein zu Hamburg, Jena 1910, p. 6.
  11. ^ Böge, Stein: 225 years of the DAK. P. 14 f. To push back the free auxiliary funds, cf. Collection of sources on the history of German social policy from 1867 to 1914 , III. Department: Expansion and differentiation of social policy since the beginning of the New Course (1890–1904) , Volume 5, The statutory health insurance , edited by Wolfgang Ayaß , Florian Tennstedt and Heidi Winter, Darmstadt 2012.
  12. ↑ On the origin cf. Collection of sources on the history of German social policy from 1867 to 1914 , Section II: From the Imperial Social Message to the February Decrees of Wilhelm II (1881–1890) , Volume 5: The statutory health insurance and the registered auxiliary funds , edited by Andreas Hänlein, Florian Tennstedt and Heidi Winter, Darmstadt 2009.
  13. ^ Böge, Stein: 225 years of the DAK. P. 10 f.
  14. ^ Böge, Stein: 225 years of the DAK. P. 47 ff.
  15. ^ Böge, Stein: 225 years of the DAK. P. 66 ff.
  16. ^ Böge, Stein: 225 years of the DAK. P. 60 f.
  17. ^ Böge, Stein: 225 years of the DAK. P. 93.
  18. ^ Böge, Stein: 225 years of the DAK. P. 79 ff.
  19. ↑ See certificate from the Reich Supervisory Office dated December 31, 1929, in: ZA-DAK C 0102-18.
  20. ^ According to Hans Kottler: The economic advantages of the GDA health insurance . In: GDA. Journal of the Confederation of Employees . No. 3, 1922.
  21. ↑ see annual report of the health insurance funds of the union federation of employees (substitute funds) for 1923 and 1924, in: ZA-DAK C 0104-1.
  22. ^ Böge, Stein, pp. 209, 213.
  23. ^ Böge, Stein: 225 years of the DAK. P. 230.
  24. ^ Böge, Stein: 225 years of the DAK. P. 223 ff.
  25. ↑ see record of the meeting of the provisional advisory committee of the management of the DAK on May 14, 1950 in the Employees' House in Hamburg, Holstenwall 3–5, in: ZA-DAK, advisory committee meetings folder
  26. ^ Böge, Stein: 225 years of the DAK. P. 249
  27. ^ Böge, Stein: 225 years of the DAK. P. 254 f.
  28. ^ Böge, Stein: 225 years of the DAK. P. 257
  29. ^ Böge, Stein: 225 years of the DAK. P. 279 f.
  30. ^ Böge, Stein: 225 years of the DAK . P. 315.
  31. ↑ Bundestag.de: Transfer of patient data by a health insurance company to a private company (PDF; 101 kB), printed matter 16/10314
  32. ↑ Compliancemagazin.de: Data protection: DAK and Healthways , November 3, 2008
  33. ^ Werner Hülsmann: Health and Social Services . BigBrotherAwards. October 24, 2008. Retrieved April 13, 2009.
  34. ^ Final letter from the BVA dated January 20, 2009 with reference number II2-5184.1-709 / 2008
  35. ↑ Jürgen Stüber: Health insurance and start-ups mediate doctors via the Internet . In: Die Welt , July 21, 2014. Retrieved September 18, 2017.
  36. ^ Family tree of DAK health . dak.de, as of July 1, 2016, accessed on September 18, 2017 (PDF).
  37. ↑ Company news from January 5, 2010: Merger of DAK and HMK successfully completed ( Memento of the original from November 12, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.presse.dak.de
  38. ↑ Since January 1, 2009 approved mergers of health insurance companies. ( Memento of the original from November 9, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bundesversicherungsamt.de
  39. ↑ As a result of the merger with the BKK-Kassen, there is a change in the composition of the administrative board ( memento of the original dated February 12, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.dak.de
  40. ↑ Annual reports website of DAK-Gesundheit. Retrieved August 11, 2016
  41. ↑ DAK-Gesundheit sets the course for 2016. In: dak.de , December 18, 2015.
  42. ↑ Prevention campaign “colorful instead of blue”. DAK-Gesundheit website. Retrieved July 18, 2014.
  43. ↑ a b DAK health: Grace Capristo supports the DAK campaign “colorful instead of blue” against binge drinking . presseportal.de, February 16, 2017, accessed June 14, 2017.
  44. ↑ drogenbeauftragte.de ( Memento of the original from July 12, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / drogenbeauftragte.de
  45. ↑ colorful instead of blue - backgrounds. Accessed July 18, 2014.
  46. ^ Aktion Glasklar website of DAK-Gesundheit. Retrieved July 18, 2014.
  47. ↑ just be smokefree - smoking cessation program.Retrieved July 18, 2014.
  48. ↑ Online coaching website of DAK-Gesundheit. Retrieved June 15, 2016.
  49. ↑ Tips for quitting the DAK-Gesundheit website. Retrieved June 15, 2016.
  50. ↑ Reports and research, current developments and trends from science and medicine Website of the DAK-Gesundheit. Retrieved August 8, 2016.
  51. ↑ Interview with Prof. Herbert Rebscher , online library Verlag medhochzwei. Retrieved August 8, 2016.
  52. ↑ Health report . DAK-Gesundheit website, accessed on June 14, 2017.
  53. ↑ Care report website of DAK-Gesundheit. Retrieved August 8, 2016.

Coordinates: 53 ° 32 '54.5 "  N , 10 ° 1' 8.7"  E