Diffa (region)

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Diffa
Agadez Diffa Zinder Maradi Tahoua Dosso Niamey Tillabéri Burkina Faso Benin Nigeria Kamerun Tschad Algerien Libyen Malilocation
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Basic data
Country Niger
Capital Diffa
surface 156,906 km²
Residents 593,821 (2012)
density 3.8 inhabitants per km²
ISO 3166-2 NE-2
politics
governor Issa Lemine

Coordinates: 13 ° 18 '  N , 12 ° 36'  E

The Diffa region is one of the seven regions of Niger and is located in the southeast of the country. Their capital is Diffa . The region has 593,821 inhabitants (2012).

geography

A military exercise in the landscape of the Diffa region (2017)

Diffa originally bordered Lake Chad in the southeast . In terms of its geological structure, the region is largely attributable to the Quaternary geological age . In the north, smaller sections belong to the Precambrian geological age . In the Holocene , larger parts of the region formed the lake bed of the Mega Lake Chad , the shore regions of which can still be seen at the exit of the Dilia-de-Lagané valley. The extensive Manga landscape forms the south of the region .

The Diffa region is divided into the six departments of Bosso , Diffa , Goudoumaria , Maïné-Soroa , N'Gourti and N'Guigmi .

Diffa borders in the north on the Nigerian region of Agadez , in the east on the Chadian regions Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti and Kanem , in the south on the Nigerian states of Borno and Yobe and in the west on the Nigerian region Zinder . The border with Nigeria is partly formed by the Komadougou Yobé River.

history

The Diffa region dates back to the French colonial era. In July 1922, Niger has been in nine circles (cercles) divided consisting of divisions (subdivisions) passed. In the area of the later region of Diffa a circle n'guigmi and one belonging to the county Gouré subdivision was (subdivision) with Mainé-Soroa as the capital. N'Guigmi County was under military administration until 1946. After Niger gained independence in 1960, the district was replaced on January 1, 1961 by 31 districts (circonscriptions) .

The immediate predecessor of the Diffa region was the Diffa department, which was created by an administrative reform that came into force on October 1, 1965, dividing Niger into seven departments (départements) . The former departments were finally converted into regions (régions) on September 14, 1998 , which in turn are subdivided into departments.

The region was affected by the hunger crisis in Niger in 2004-2006. From 2015 to 2018, General Abdou Kaza was governor of the Diffa region.

politics

Seat of the Diffa Regional Council (2013)

The region is headed by a governor appointed by the Nigerian Council of Ministers . He represents the entire state.

The regional council (conseil régional) of Diffa is an organ of deliberation . It is composed of elected members and members by law . The latter, who are not allowed to occupy more than a fifth of the seats awarded by election, are representatives of the chefferie traditionnelle , the traditional rulers. Diffa's regional council has 28 elected members.

The President of the Regional Council (président du conseil) and his one or two deputies are an executive body in the region.

population

The Diffa region had around 123,000 inhabitants in 1960, the year Niger became independent. The 1977 census showed 167,389 inhabitants, the 1988 census 186,792 inhabitants and the 2001 census 346,595 inhabitants. The 2012 census showed 593,821 inhabitants.

Diffa is the only region in Niger where the Kanuri make up the majority of the population. 60% of the total population belong to this ethnic group. The second largest group are the Fulbe with 25%. Other ethnic groups in the region are Tubu with 6%, Hausa with 4%, Arabs with 2% and Zarma - Songhai and Tuareg with 1% each. Compared to the other regions of Niger, Diffa has the most Tubu in terms of numbers and proportions and the fewest Hausa.

Economy and Infrastructure

Camels and mule carts in the Diffa region (2006)

The desertification is a problem for agriculture, from the life most residents. By the decline of Lake Chad farmers affected by drought and fishermen losing their livelihood. There is rural exodus .

There are 549 primary schools in the Diffa region, three of which are private schools . The gross enrollment rate in the school year 2009/2010 was 53.5% (nationwide 72.9%), for girls 52.2% (nationwide 63.9%). There was an average of 23 pupils for every primary school teacher (39 nationwide). The primary school graduation rate was 30.9% (nationwide 49.3%), among girls 28.7% (nationwide 41.5%).

literature

  • Signe Marie Cold-Ravnkilde: Struggling for water and pastures in Niger: Natural resource conflict and cooperation in the pastoral areas of the Diffa region . VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, Saarbrücken 2009, ISBN 978-3-639-04058-6 .
  • Brigitte Thébaud: Gestion de l'espace et crise pastorale au Sahel: étude comparative du Niger oriental et du Yagha burkinabé . Dissertation, École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales 1999.

Web links

Commons : Diffa (Region)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Communiqué du Conseil des ministres du vendredi June 26, 2019. In: Niger Diaspora. July 27, 2019, accessed on September 22, 2019 (French).
  2. ↑ Thomas Krings : Sahel countries . WBG, Darmstadt 2006, ISBN 3-534-11860-X , p. 16.
  3. ↑ Abdourahmane Idrissa, Samuel Decalo: Historical Dictionary of Niger . 4th edition. Scarecrow, Plymouth 2012, ISBN 0-7864-0495-7 , pp. 30-31 .
  4. ↑ Plusieurs textes de ratification de prêts adoptés par le Conseil des Ministres. Agence Nigérienne de Presse, September 27, 2015, accessed June 8, 2018 (French).
  5. ↑ Communiqué du conseil des ministres du vendredi 20 avril 2018. In: Niger Diaspora. April 21, 2018, accessed June 8, 2018 (French).
  6. ↑ Loi N ° 2008-42 du 31 July 2008 relative à l'organization et l'administration du territoire de la République du Niger . In: Code général des collectivités territoriales. Recueil des textes sur la decentralization. Edition 2011 . Direction Générale de la Décentralisation et de la Déconcentration, Ministère de l'Intérieur, de la Sécurité, de la Décentralisation et des Affaires Religieuses, République du Niger, Niamey 2010, p. 13 ( decentralization-niger.org [PDF; accessed on September 22, 2019]).
  7. ^ A b Ordonnance N ° 2010-54 on September 17th, 2010 portant Code Général des Collectivités Territoriales de la République du Niger . In: Code général des collectivités territoriales. Recueil des textes sur la decentralization. Edition 2011 . Direction Générale de la Décentralisation et de la Déconcentration, Ministère de l'Intérieur, de la Sécurité, de la Décentralisation et des Affaires Religieuses, République du Niger, Niamey 2010, p. 53 ( decentralization-niger.org [PDF; accessed on September 22, 2019]).
  8. ↑ Décret N ° 2010-678 / PCSRD / MISD / AR of 07 octobre 2010 fixant le nombre de sièges par Conseil Régional . In: Code général des collectivités territoriales. Recueil des textes sur la decentralization. Edition 2011 . Direction Générale de la Décentralisation et de la Déconcentration, Ministère de l'Intérieur, de la Sécurité, de la Décentralisation et des Affaires Religieuses, République du Niger, Niamey 2010, p. 182 ( decentralization-niger.org [PDF; accessed September 22, 2019]).
  9. ^ Institut Nationale de la Statistique du Niger (ed.): Annuaire statistique des cinquante ans d'indépendance du Niger . Niamey 2010, p. 49 ( online version ; PDF; 3.1 MB).
  10. ↑ Presentation of the results globaux définitifs du Quatrième (4ème) Recensement Général de la Population et de l'Habitat (RGP / H) de 2012. (PDF file) Institut National de la Statistique, 2014, accessed on April 18, 2014 (French ).
  11. ^ Website of the Institut National de la Statistique du Niger ( Memento of February 1, 2012 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on December 27, 2009.
  12. ↑ FAO: La region de Diffa
  13. ↑ Statistiques de l'éducation de base. Annuaire 2009–2010 (PDF; 19.1 MB). Nigerien Ministry of Education website, published September 2010, accessed February 14, 2012.