Strängnäs Cathedral
The strängnäs cathedral is the Cathedral of Strängnäs in the Swedish province County Södermanland . It is dedicated to the apostles Peter and Paul . The cathedral is a three-aisled Gothic brick church . Construction began in 1250, and the characteristic, 96-meter-high church tower was erected in the 1740s. The building is in Swedish imperial interest .
description
The cathedral church dates from the Middle Ages . It was made of brick and consists of a nave with a säteritak , a hipped roof with a vertical part with windows in between, a polygonal choir in the east and a mighty tower in the west.
The tower has an entrance portal on the ground floor. There are remains of the original church portal between the tower and the nave. The nave has three aisles with a simple cross vault , while the high choir has a star vault . The ambulatory runs around the choir, along the walls there are a number of side chapels and a sacristy in the north .
history
Already in the early 12th century was on the court, is at today, the cathedral, stave of wood built, probably with the Viking Age typical leaf ornamentation. In the 1250s, Dominicans came to Strängnäs and began building a convent on the northern city hill, where Saint Eskil was stoned. The Dominican church and the core part of the cathedral church were twin churches. The mendicant monks had learned how to build stones and when construction began in the 1250s they only used brick to build a new, larger church . The new church was built around the existing wooden church so that they could continue to hold services during the construction period. The church was possibly consecrated by Bishop Anund Jonsson in the summer of 1291 and burned the same day. Until the 1330s there was no reliable information about the church. A document shows that Bishop Styrbjörn made an inauguration in 1334.
This first part, built in the shape of a rectangular hall church , is now called the “core of the church”. The first expansion came as early as 1342: a holy choir with lime painting. Then the chapels were built on the south side: the ibex choir in the east around 1340-1345 , then the grave choir of Carl Carlsson Gyllenhielm and the djäknekoret . At the western end of the south side of the nave, a Virgin Mary was built in 1404 and paintings and three hagioscopes in the 1430s, and the von Hessenstein choir around 1425.
In the 14th century, vault paintings were created in the nave. The west tower was built between 1424 and 1444. Between 1448 and 1462 the Gothic, polygonal high choir with ambulatory was built in the east and a sacristy in the north. After the high choir had been decorated with chalk wall paintings by a master whose name was not known , it was inaugurated on Midsummer Eve 1462.
In 1479 Kort Rogge († 1501) came as bishop. He was a politically active church man who was also involved in building cathedral churches. After a fire in 1473, the damaged parts were repaired, but the bishop also had the steeple raised and covered the whole church with a common roof. A side chapel and another sacristy were added to the north by around 1500. He also donated altar cloths, the larger of which were made for the high altar in Flanders and Brussels in 1490.
In 1648 the large western portal with columns was completed; From 1740 to 1742 the tower was given its current dome, probably by Carl Hårleman (1700–1753).
From 1907 to 1910 a comprehensive restoration took place under the direction of Fredrik Lilljekvist (1863-1932) with Sigurd Curman (1879-1966) as controller. Benches, the candlesticks on the pillars, the choir fittings with organ façade pillars, everything in Art Nouveau style , have been returned to their original state; the cathedral in Strängnäs is thus the cathedral in Sweden with the best preserved medieval character.
On December 26th ( St. Stephen's Day ) 1999 the Martyrs Chapel was consecrated. Among other things, there is a sculpture from the late 15th century that was made by Bernt Notke from Lübeck and depicts Erik the saint .
Furnishing
The winged altar (1480–1490) with depictions of the Christmas Gospel and the Passion of Christ was made in Flanders and completed in 1490 in Brussels . Sweden's oldest winged altar is a gift from Bishop Kort Rogge. The Marienaltar (1507–1508) is attributed to Jan Borman's workshop.
The font dates from the 12th century and has a silver bowl from 1992, made by Anna-Stina Åberg. The bronze baptismal font was cast around 1400. The Gustavian style pulpit was built in 1789 by the court sculptor Pehr Ljung . A limestone monument shows Olaus Petri and Laurentius Andreae , it was made by Erik Strand in 1952 to mark the 400th anniversary of the Reformation in Sweden .
A manorial bench may have served the bishop. A tombstone commemorates Bishop Thomas († 1443). The cathedral holds the rune stones or -inschriften Runsten sö 277, 279 and Soe Soe 281 (the Ingvar Runestones ) on the southern wall.
Burial place
The church houses u. a. the tomb of Princess Isabella Johansdotter, who died in infancy, a daughter of Johann III. and Katharina Jagiellonica . In addition, Johann Casimir von Pfalz-Zweibrücken and Katharina Wasa († 1638) as well as Karl IX are located here . († 1611) and Christine von Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf are buried. The grave crown and the imperial orb of Charles IX. and the grave crown of his wife Queen Christine were stolen in a robbery in 2018 and found in a garbage can in Stockholm in February 2019. The stolen grave shelves have an estimated value of more than six million euros.
Cathedral library
Strängnäs domkyrkobibliotek ( Strängnäs domkyrkobibliotek ) library is one of Sweden's oldest surviving libraries. Its origins go back to 1316, when the Strängnäs Dominican monastery received a book donation in a will. It was expanded by the bishops Kort Rogge and Johannes Matthiæ. Queen Christina of Sweden added war booty to the stock of books, especially from the cities of Prague , Olomouc and Nikolsburg . Donations and bequests from diocesan priests increased the stock also in the following centuries. Henrik Aminson (1814–1885) published the 600-page printed directory Bibliotheca Templi Cathedralis Stregnensis in 1863, quae maximam partem ex Germania Capta est circa finem belli triginta annorum, descripta. Cathedral librarian Ragnhild Lundgren has published a modern IT catalog in the LIBRIS database of the Royal Library in Stockholm ( Kungliga biblioteket , Sweden's National Library), which was printed in 2017 in two volumes with almost 1200 pages together with an academic introduction: Strängnäs domkyrkobibliotek. Systematisk katalog över tryckta böcker (Strängnäs Cathedral Library . Systematic catalog of printed books).
Until the 19th century the library was located in the (former) school building. Today it is housed in the library choir in the northwest corner of the cathedral.
organ
On June 12, 1473, the organ was damaged in a fire in the city that also caused severe damage to the cathedral . An organist is recorded in 1575 . In 1578 the organ builder Henrik completed his work. The organ was repaired in the 1580s. On June 28, 1631 it burned again. In 1636 Philip Eisenmenger († 1655) built an organ and the carpenter Michael Calculator built the organ case. In 1638 a Rückpositiv with eight voices was finished, in 1648 the entire organ.
In 1703 Johann Niclas Cahman (1679–1737) renovated the instrument. 1715 / 1717–1720 another extensive renovation was undertaken by Johann Niclas Cahman. He installed a new pedal and a new bellows . In 1723 it burned again. In 1734 the organ builder Olof Hedlund († 1749) made the organ playable again. In 1745 Daniel Strähle (1700–1746) renewed the organ. Various deficiencies were found in 1754, which were corrected in 1758. In 1773 Abraham Abrahamsson Hülphers described the instrument in the "Historisk Afhandling om Musik och Instrumenter särdeles om Orgelwerks Inrättningen i Allmänhet jemte Kort deskrifning öfwer Orgwerken i Swerige".
In 1776 the need for repairs was determined and approved by Governor Carl Lagerbring. In 1778 Olof Schwan (1744–1812) was commissioned with the repair. In 1799 the instrument fell into disrepair. Johan Ewerhardt (1760–1847) was hired to build a new organ. In 1804 Johan Ewerhardt's new 40-part instrument was accepted by Olof Schwan. In 1849, Professor Carl Georg Brunius reported on the new organ and its location.
During the 1840s, discussions begin about a new organ. In 1850, the organ builders Johan Blomqvist (1775–1851) and William Anders Lindgren (1807–1860) made a proposal that expired due to Blomqvist's death in 1851. From 1859 to 1860 Erik Adolph Setterquist and Per Larsson Akerman built a new organ in the West with 37 voices on two manuals and pedal. This organ was given a cone chests and a mechanical action with pneumatics. The gaming table is free. After the inspection by Professors Gustaf Adolf Mankell and Palmstedt and Mmekanikus Moberg, they stated that they had “never experienced anything like this in Sweden so perfectly”. Bishop Thure Annerstedt consecrated the organ on November 4, 1860. The old 12-part organ was given to the Dunkers Church.
From 1907 to 1910 the organ was moved from the western gallery to a new gallery in the northern ambulatory and was given a new front. In 1944, Nils Hammarberg rebuilt the instrument in line with the organ movement . 1971 Troels and Finn Krohn (Denmark) built a new four-manual organ while maintaining the pipe by 1860. The new instrument has a mechanical action, electric key action and electrical coupling. In 1986 the electrical system was rebuilt and in 1994 expanded with a computer.
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- Pair : I / P, II / P, III / P, IV / P, I / II, III / II, IV / II.
- annotation
- (H) = pipes from Setterquist / Akerman (1860).
Rune stones
The three Ingvar stones in Strängnäs domkyrka are or were fragments built into the walls of the cathedral. There are four other rune stones in the church. Among them is possibly another Ingvarstein with Sö 278.
literature
- Våra kyrkor , sid. 223 av 734 sidor, Klarkullens förlag, Västervik, 1990, ISBN 91-971561-0-8
- Nationalcyklopedin , multimedia 2000 plus
- Mats Selén (red.): Strängnäs stift genom sekler - en stifthistorisk översikt, Strängnäs stiftshistoriska sällskap, ISBN 91-631-0768-6
- Dag Edholm (red.): Inventarium över svenska orglar 1989: III, Strängnäs stift , Förlag Svenska orglar, Tostared 1990, ISSN 1100-2700
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Strängnäs kommun - Riksintressen: Strängnäs domkyrka
- ↑ Kungliga kronor stals från Strängnäs domkyrka SVT, July 31, 2018, accessed on August 1, 2018.
- ^ After robbery in Sweden: Crown jewels discovered in the garbage , tagesschau.de, February 11, 2019
- ^ Bernhard Fabian: Handbook of German historical book stocks. Volume 7.1. Denmark and Sweden. 1998, pp. 115, 222-226.
Coordinates: 59 ° 22 ′ 32.2 " N , 17 ° 2 ′ 3.3" E