Donoperteich
| Donoperteich | ||
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| View from the west bank, 2005 | ||
| Geographical location | SW of Detmold | |
| Tributaries | Hasselbach | |
| Drain | Hasselbach | |
| Places on the shore | Hiddesen (1 km away) | |
| Location close to the shore | Detmold | |
| Data | ||
| Coordinates | 51 ° 55 ′ 38 " N , 8 ° 48 ′ 20" E | |
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| Altitude above sea level | 162 m | |
| length | 150 m | |
| width | 50 m | |
The Donoperteich (also Donoper pond ) is located in a much-visited nature reserve on the border of the Detmold districts of Hiddesen and Pivitsheide V. H. in the Teutoburg Forest . The pond and the surrounding area was on April 4, 1950, together with the Hiddeser Bent placed under protection and is considered by its scenic beauty and variety of the most popular destinations in lip . It was dammed for fish farming around 1625 at the behest of Simon VII and named after the Chamberlain von Donop .
Location, size and geology
The Donoperteich and Hiddeser Bent nature reserve, located in the Teutoburg Forest southwest of the city of Detmold, with a size of around 119 hectares consists of two sub-areas: In the western part are the Donoperteich and the Krebsteich, the Hasselbachtal , the Kahle Ehberg and the Weginghauser Bruch. In the eastern part is the only remaining raised bog in Lippe, the Hiddeser Bent. The approximately 50 m wide and 150 m long Donoperteich is 162 m above sea level and the subsoil consists of a water-impermeable Cenoman marl layer of the Upper Cretaceous , which is also responsible for the meandering, deeply incised bed of the Hasselbach and the large number of springs in the area is. The Hasselbach rises at the foot of the 340 m high Kahler Ehberg, initially forms the Krebsteich and after about 500 m the Donoperteich. In the further course of the Hasselbach is dammed a third time to the Hasselbachteich. The water is relatively rich in lime and the partially enclosed springs, including the Kummerbach spring south of the pond, are used to supply Detmold with drinking water.
history
The oldest traces of human presence in the area of today's Donoperteich are some 0.5 to 1.7 meter high barrows , which are assigned to the transition from the Late Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age (approx. 600 to 800 BC). The graves made of sand and sandstone with a diameter of nine to 23 meters are located on the western bank of the water and today only give a small impression of the size of the former burial mound fields. The archaeological finds are kept in the Lippisches Landesmuseum in Detmold.
From a tax list from 1390 it can be seen that the Wedinchusen (Weginghausen) settlement was located at the pond at that time. The residents were relocated to Hiddesen around 1540 because they were "disadvantageous to Detmold Hude and the lordly lumbering". At the end of the 16th century, the horse herdsman Johann Dreimann von Lopshorn , who was in the service of the sovereign, took up residence at the Hasselbach. He was supposed to look after the wild dairymen's horses from there. In 1595 his house in Lopshorn was dismantled and rebuilt in the area of today's Donoperteich. In 1619 Count Simon VII bought the indebted property from Johann's son Deppe Dreimann for 400 thalers. In 1618, the Detmold Hude was expanded by Simon VII and at the same time the damming of the Hasselbach began and the ponds at "Pferdehirts Hoff" and "Pferdehirtten Deich" were used as fish ponds. In the registers of the stately fish ponds, the first is called “Donops Deich” from 1625 and is stocked with 300 young trout. Trout were evidently very popular at that time and were mainly consumed in Detmold Castle , but were also delivered to Detmold game dealers and to Bad Pyrmont .
Up until the second half of the 19th century, the area around the Donoperteich served as a hut for Detmold and Hiddesen, as pasture for the free-living dairymen's horses, as well as for fattening pigs, and the pond was used as a watering place and bath for the herd cattle. But the forest suffered greatly from the strain from the Hude. The extent to which the forest was damaged is shown by a forest description from 1756, which says that at this time “the Weginghauser Bruch was an almost completely empty area covered with heather and with a few oaks and beeches”.
In Lewgensgrund near the Donoperteich, an office building was built for the district forester in 1861 and a restaurant opened in it from 1895. With the inauguration of the Hermann monument in 1875 and the discovery of the Donoperteich as an excursion destination, tourism had developed. From 1902 to 1912 there was a boat operation on the pond, which resulted in three accidental deaths in the first year. In 1931 the restaurant was moved from the forester's house to the newly built “Forstfrieden” inn, located west of the pond on the country road to Pivitsheide. After it closed in 2012, it has been rebuilt and renovated. Since the end of August 2015 it has been completely renovated and reopened. On April 4, 1950, the Donoperteich and the Hiddeser Bent were designated as a nature reserve.
Wildlife
The nature reserve on the Donoperteich is characterized by its variety of habitats and, despite the large number of visitors and day trippers, is home to numerous animals and plants, but especially many species of birds. The breeding birds living here belong to the culture followers who have got used to the proximity to humans. The clear mixed forest is home to most breeding birds, so here every six occurring in our woodpecker species were spotted: black , green , gray , non-ferrous , medium and small woodpecker . However, the number of nesting woodpeckers has declined sharply in recent years. The abandoned great spotted woodpecker caves refer to the nuthatch , starling , redstart , pied flycatcher and several species of titmouse. Treecreeper and treecreeper build their nests behind the cracked bark of old trees and scurry up the tree in spirals in search of food. Tawny owls breed in larger cavities in the trees , and the long-eared owls that live here prefer the existing nests of carrion crows as a breeding place.
Blackbirds , mistletoe and song thrushes can often be observed, while small groups of red thrushes arrive from Eastern Europe in October and overwinter in Central and Western Europe. These thrushes are easy to confuse with the song thrushes, the red thrush is best recognized by a light stripe over the eyes and rust-red flanks. In small stands of spruce live the winter and summer golden chickens , which are among the smallest birds in Europe and weigh only 5–6 grams. There are three species of wild pigeon in the nature reserve: the stock pigeon , similar to a carrier pigeon , the small turtledove and the much larger, numerous wood pigeon . Large flocks of mountain finches leave their breeding grounds in Scandinavia in autumn and some overwinter on the Donoper pond. They are close relatives of our local chaffinches . Another winter guest is the Siberian jay , who in some years come to Central Europe in large numbers, triggered by a lack of food in their Siberian homeland. However, it differs significantly from our domestic jay by its longer beak and its chocolate-brown color, which is interrupted by white spots. Occasionally the crossbill and even the pine crossbill from Scandinavia can be seen. Long- tailed tits breed in dense, young conifers and hedges , the tail of which in the adult bird is considerably longer than the body. All the other six domestic tit species can also be found at the Donoperteich, such as the cabbage , blue , fir , crested , swamp and willow tit . In the vicinity of the old forester's house in old hedges, golden hamsters can be seen, but they breed on the ground. In their neighborhood in the trees on the edge of the fields of the Schlepperhof, girlitzes , greenlings and linnets live and at the former shooting range black warblers , garden warblers and rattle warblers sing .
The gray wagtail and the dipper can be found at the pond and at the Hasselbach. She is the only songbird that can swim and dive. Sometimes a kingfisher visits the Hasselbach, although it does not breed here because it does not love fast-flowing waters. Mallards live on the Donoperteich itself all year round, but cirrus, teal, golden-bellied and goosander have also been observed.
A common buzzard has its eyrie in the crown of an old oak tree and on sunny days of early spring the courtship game of these large birds of prey can be observed. A winter guest from Northern Scandinavia is the rough-footed buzzard, while a honey buzzard from Africa was spotted at the Donoperteich in the warm season.
Flora
In the lime and nutrient-rich water of the Donoper pond and the crayfish pond, the floating pondweed , the small pondweed and the buttercup thrive . The crayfish pond is much more silted up than the Dono pond, which was last desludged in 1977, which is why stocks of the pond horsetail , the beaked sedge , the iris , the narrow-leaved cattail and the loosestrife can be found here. The reed zone is followed inland by a bush consisting of the ear willow , the gray willow and the buckthorn . The bittersweet nightshade climbs up on this. Black alder grow at the confluence of the Hasselbach brook into the Donoperteich, and the slough , long-legged sedge and marsh sedge thrive on the flat bog peat of the ground .
At the springs and streams that flow into the Hasselbach, the watercress and the narrow-leaved Merk find excellent living conditions, as well as the wrinkled swaths , the Bach exercise honorary award , the swamp forget-me-not , the pink willowherb and the aromatic scented water mint . In some places the rare spring grass can be found, which in Lippe only grows in the Hardisser Moor .
For centuries, the deciduous forest on the Donoperteich served the river economy and leaf hay extraction. Many mast oaks and mast beeches in Weginghauser Bruch and on Lopshorner Allee bear witness to this, as they show typical bark growths on the trunks due to browsing. The so-called multi - brother trees , multi-stemmed beeches that were created by several saplings ( heister ) in a planting hole, are striking. Through a joint enclosure, they could now be better protected from browsing and are typical of a hudeland . Numerous fungi, mosses and lichens colonize the old oaks and beeches, and even the potted fern grows in the branches of some oaks due to the high humidity.
literature
- Herbert Stöwer: The natural and cultural landscape at the Donoper pond. In: Heimatland Lippe. January 1999. Publisher: Lippischer Heimatbund e. V.
- Hermann Schierholz: From the bird world of the Donoper Teich and Hiddeser Bent nature reserve. In: Heimatland Lippe. February 1985. Publisher: Lippischer Heimatbund e. V.
- Helmut Brinkmann: The flora of the Donoper Teich and Hiddeser Bent nature reserve / Part 1. In: Heimatland Lippe. April 1984. Publisher: Lippischer Heimatbund e. V.
- Helmut Brinkmann: The flora of the Donoper Teich and Hiddeser Bent nature reserve / Part 2. In: Heimatland Lippe. May 1984. Publisher: Lippischer Heimatbund e. V.
- Kurt Rohlfs: History of the Donoper Teich nature reserve - Hiddeser Bent. In: Heimatland Lippe. October 1984. Publisher: Lippischer Heimatbund e. V.
Web links
- Donoper pond (with map)
- Donoper pond and other sights in the Teutoburg Forest
- Donoper pond and other excursion destinations in the Lippe district
- Donoper pond (website of the city of Detmold)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Information board of the Lippisches Landesmuseum , Detmold
- ^ Herbert Stöwer: The natural and cultural landscape on the Donoper pond . In: Lippischer Heimatbund e. V. (Ed.): Heimatland Lippe , January 1999.
- ↑ a b c Hermann Schierholz: From the bird world of the Donoper Teich and Hiddeser Bent nature reserve . In: Lippischer Heimatbund e. V. (Ed.): Heimatland Lippe , February 1985.
- ↑ a b Helmut Brinkmann: The flora of the Donoper Teich and Hiddeser Bent nature reserve / Part 1 . In: Lippischer Heimatbund e. V. (Ed.): Heimatland Lippe , April 1984.