Village church Bössow

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Church in Bössow, 2008

The village church Bössow is a medieval brick church in the Mecklenburg town of Bössow, a district of Warnow in the district of Northwest Mecklenburg in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania .

history

Bössow was first mentioned in 1230, when Gottschalk Bishop of Ratzeburg Bvrissowe (Bössow), among many other places around the Zehntregister aufführte the diocese Ratzeburg.

The name Bvrissowe, Borsowe, Bossaw comes from the old Slavic borǔ (fight), but can also be interpreted as the place of Boris .

The village belonged to the parish Damshagen until the beginning of the 13th century and was located in the area of ​​the old Klützer forest . Between 1309 and 1311 Bössow was raised to an independent church village by the knight Johann Storm. With the approval of the Ratzeburg bishop Marquard von Jossow, he had the brick building, which is still preserved today, built as a small church. In 1311 Prince Heinrich zu Mecklenburg granted the newly founded parish in Bössow a Hufe farmland and an annual raise of money, which was granted by the knight Johann Storm the Elder. Until the beginning of the 15th century, Bössow remained with the Storms with the smallest manor in Mecklenburg.

Thereafter, over the centuries, the church patronage changed with the owners of the village . In 1541 the von Bassewitz family were still the owners. In addition, the von Ahlefeld , von Plessen , von Stralendorff and von Sperling families as well as the parish of Grevesmühlen had ownership rights there, as noted in the church visitation protocol from 1568. In 1627, Duke Adolf Friedrich I of Mecklenburg-Schwerin acquired part of the village, but refused to accept the church patronage. It was not until 1823 that Grand Duke Friedrich Franz II of Mecklenburg declared himself ready as sovereign to take over the sole church patronage.

Little is known of the repairs carried out on the village church from these times. Even before the church tower was built, repairs are said to have been made in the church in 1770, as can be learned from the repayments of church debts in 1781. The bronze bell was not placed in the belfry of the church tower until 1840. In 1847 all parish buildings were cremated by lightning .

The stone wall around the churchyard was demolished in 1957 and used as paving for the poorly maintained streets.

Building history

Exterior

The village church is a relatively small, simple brick building supported by buttresses with a three-sided east end from the first half of the 14th century and stands on a field stone foundation.

Window in the tower, 2012

The retracted square west tower about 30 meters high was only built in 1781 and has a steep hipped roof and beaver tail tiles. The western tower entrance is emphasized by a pointed arched return portal as a girder. On all three sides of the tower, three rows of individual field stones were inserted into the brick masonry as decorative decorative elements in the ground floor zone . The three two-part open windows on the bell storey are provided with pointed arches on the inside and round arches on the outside. On the south side there is still a bricked-up pointed arch window.

The nave has a hipped roof and modern nun tiles. A cornice is missing. The two beveled wall ends of the west wall are bricked in the upper area as a toothing in the inclined bond. The four double-row ogival arched windows in the choir area , walled with round bars , are finished off with an ogival opening and are provided with leaded diamond glass . The two double-row windows on the north and south facades have been designed with a round arch and later plastered reveals.

The work on the leaky church roof, planned in 1979 and approved by the district building authority, failed due to the lack of construction capacities . In 1991 the church tower roof and in 2003 the roof of the nave were given a new roof covering. The field stone foundations were secured and drained during further renovation measures from 1999. The interior renovation was also carried out in 1999.

Interior

The two-bay, three-sided closed and not vaulted church space is closed off by a flat beamed ceiling.

During the renovation work from 1962 to 1980, old wall paintings were not exposed in the church , but fittings on the pulpit and the altar were removed. The medieval stained glass, which was removed for security reasons, was restored in 1980 after 14 years.

altar

According to the inventory list from 1811, Ulrich Karl von Bassewitz and Margaretha von Bülow had the original altar from 1670 renovated. On the border of the altar were the names Küne von Ples and Lucretia von Bülow with the year 1597. In the 19th century this altar was replaced by a neo-Gothic one. During the renovation in 1962, the neo-Gothic altar was also removed and replaced by a brick altar table.

To the left of the altar is a cast-iron baptismal font decorated with figures of angels. The brass baptismal bowl made by the Schwerin court engraver Wilhelm Lenthe is in the St. Thomas Church in Damshagen.

Two framed plaster reliefs from the late 19th century hang on the north wall of the choir . According to Nazarene art , the left picture shows a mother with child and the right picture shows Christ with the children.

pulpit

Pulpit, 2012

The simple pulpit dates from the 17th century and was designed by Henneke von Plessen and his wife Sophia, b. Donated by Stralendorff adH Trams . The simple pulpit used to stand on a wooden base. The base and the pulpit hood were removed during the renovation in 1962. On the front of the pulpit are the Old Testament figures, the prophets Jeremiah and Daniel as well as Solomon and David , the kings of the people of Israel.

organ

The organ (three stops on one manual) was built by Friedrich Noebe before 1824 and bought in 1893 from the farm workers' house in Güstrow. The installation was carried out by his brother Edmund in 1894 on the west gallery. In 1970 it was overhauled by the master organ builder Wolfgang Nussbücker from Plau and given further modifications. After changes, including the upper part of the front of the prospectus , there was an expansion to three registers in 1998.

Stained glass

Medieval stained glass window after restoration, 2012
Grave slab of the knight Storm, 2012

In the altar window of the choir there are medieval glass windows , which were probably made at the end of the 14th century. There are four figurative discs with original lead and two pointed arch fields with the coat of arms of the Storm founders. The historically valuable stained glass shows Mary sitting with the baby Jesus on the lower left pane and the Adoration of the Magi on the lower right pane . The two apostles Peter and Paul , after whom the village church was named, can be seen on the upper left pane . St. George and St. Christopher were depicted on the upper right pane . The arrangement of the glass windows was changed in the course of the reinstallation after restoration.

The small colored panes in the right east window of the choir with the four noble coats of arms - von Plessen, von Bülow, von Ahlenfeldt and von Bassewitz - have been stored by a glazier in Wismar since 1993. The latter two have the signature: Jvrgen v. Alefelt patron of this church motvvs a 1589 and Dorotheia v. Basseviten motva a 1610.

The four medieval glass panes were removed in June 1966 by the Rostock church building commissioner Gisbert Wolf for safety reasons, stored in Rostock and handed over to the Erfurt glass restorer Heinz Hajna on June 4, 1970 . During the consultation in November 1971 in the Erfurt workshop there was a. a. notes: ... panes in bad condition and so encrusted that the representations are no longer recognizable ... an outline drawing from 1898 is not precise enough for the work ahead ... but Schlie is better than Crull ...

After the head office of the Institute for Monument Preservation in Berlin provided the lack of workshop resources , the panes were cleaned in 1979, the broken parts strengthened and the broken parts replaced while retaining the original lead. On July 18, 1980, the six restored glass panes with the medieval paintings were reinstated in the Bössow church by the Erfurt glass painting restorer Heinz Hajna.

A further cleaning of the glass panes with the attachment of an outer protective glazing was carried out in coordination with the Potsdam Institute for Glass Painting Research by the Luise Brügemann glassworks from Schönfeld-Mühle in the summer of 2003.

Grave slabs

Of the three historically interesting grave slabs that were located directly in front of the altar until the 19th century , two are on the southern wall of the choir. The one with the four evangelist symbols on the corners and the inscription: Anno domini MCCCLXX in the Phylippi et Jacobi (May 1) obiit Johannes Kerchaf. Anno domini MCCCLXX .... obiit Walburgis vxor eius. belongs to Johannes Kerkhof (Kirchhof) from Wismar, who died in 1371 and who signed the Gottschalk Storm bonds.

On the north wall in the nave is the grave slab of Johannes Storm, who died in 1396 and should not be confused with the knight Johannes Storm as the founder of the church. The corners are decorated with the four evangelist symbols and in the middle is Storm's coat of arms. The inscription reads: Anno domini M ° CCCXCVI in the beati Dyonisii episcopi (October 9) obiit dominus Johannes Storm, miles, ... Deedleuus, Johannes, filii eius. Orate deum pro ipsorum animabus.

Bell jar

Bell from 1840

The bronze bell in the bell cage was cast in 1840 by the Wismar bell caster Peter Martin Hausbrandt for the medieval bell that no longer exists . The inscription reads: Glory to God in the highest and peace on earth. The inscription can be read under the coat of arms of Mecklenburg-Schwerin: Paul Friedrich , Grand Duke of Mecklenburg. Among them are four names, probably those of the donors.

Pastors

Names and years indicate the verifiable mention as pastor.

  • 1535 0000Pastor Curd, a coarse, incomprehensible man who is not yet able to speak faith properly.
  • 1540–1541 Nicolaus Schutte (Scutte)
  • 1541 0000Anton Ebbert (Elbert), a pious, God-fearing man.
  • 0000 0000 Martinus Krakow
  • 1568 0000Martin Grummer
  • 1575 0000Joachim Brun
  • 1625 0000Adam Braunschweig
  • 1642–1650 Johann Höfer
  • 1658–1666 Johann Krüger
  • 1666–1714 Jakob Polchow, had always preached in Low German
  • 1715–1747 Georg Friedrich Susemihl
  • 1747–1766 Johann Bernhard Susemihl, he was prevented from his introduction by Major von Schwarz auf Mühlen Eichsen and General von Löwendahl to Großenhof by occupying the church ...
  • 1769–1782 Jacob Boysen (from Flensburg) took office after four collections and a new rectory was built ...
  • 1782–1787 Johannes Nathanael Mussäus
  • 1787–1810 Friedrich Gabriel Strempel
  • 1810–1825 Georg Wilhelm Samuel Friedrich Mantzel, as district captain of the Landsturm and battalion chief, commanded the third battalion of the Wismar Landsturm Brigade against Napoleon's soldiers.
  • 1826–1829: Johann Christoph August Gottfried Erdmann
  • 1829–1853 Dr. Johann Joachim Friedrich Stedingk, resigned because of a broken economic situation ...
  • 1853–1868 Carl Julius Piper
  • 1868–1890 Wilhelm Ludwig Franz Neumann
  • 1891–1930 Heinrich Rudolf Julius Schulz
  • 1934–1936 Johannes Schulz from Grevesmühlen
  • 1939–1952 Hermann Koch
  • 1945–1945 Helmut Kuessner as representative

Parish

The villages of Bössow with the church, Gautenbeck, Großenhof and Thorstorf belong to the Evangelical Lutheran parish of Bössow. The parish of Bössower Church is connected to the parish of Klütz with the parish seat and the parish of Boltenhagen. They form a parish with the parish of Kalkhorst and Elmenhorst. The pastorate is in Klütz. Together they belong to the church region (until now provost) Grevesmühlen. This belongs to the Propstei Wismar in the parish of Mecklenburg in the north church . Church services take place monthly in Bössow.

literature

  • Friedrich Crull : The church to Bössow in: Association for Mecklenburg history and antiquity: Yearbooks of the association for Mecklenburg history and antiquity. - Vol. 38 (1873), pp. 185-189.
  • Georg Dehio : Handbook of the German art monuments. Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Munich, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-422-03081-6 , p. 74.
  • ZEBI eV, START eV: Village and town churches in the Wismar-Schwerin parish. Bremen. Rostock 2001, ISBN 3-86108-753-7 , p. 212.
  • Horst Ende , Christian Molzen, Horst Stutz: Insights 11, Churches in Northwest Mecklenburg. Grevesmühlen 2005. p. 16.
  • Friedrich Schlie : The art and history monuments of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Volume II: The district court districts of Wismar, Grevesmühlen, Rehna, Gadebusch and Schwerin. Schwerin 1898, (reprint 1992), pp. 351-355. ISBN 3-910179-06-1

See also

Web links

Commons : Dorfkirche Bössow  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

swell

Unprinted sources

  • State Main Archive Schwerin (LHAS)
    • LHAS 5.12-3 / 1 Mecklenburg-Schwerin Ministry of the Interior
    • LHAS 5.12-4 / 3 Ministry of Agriculture, Domains and Forests, Dept. Settlement Office
    • LHAS 5.12-7 / 1 Mecklenburgisch-Schwerin Ministry for Education, Art, Spiritual and Medical Matters , February 4, 13 Bössow parish buildings.
  • State Office for Culture and Monument Preservation Schwerin (LAKD)
    • Existing archeology and monument preservation.
  • State Church Archives Schwerin (LKAS)
    • LKAS, OKR Schwerin, Specialia Dept. 1. Bössow
      • 002 Church and school routes 1795, 1860.
      • 006 Church jurates 1856 - 1897.
      • 008 Preacher position and patronage over the church and parish in Bössow 1786 - 1923.
      • 023 Church and parish land, hunting 1922-1998.
      • 034 Repair of the Bössow church and parish building 1770 - 1810.
      • 041 organ 1918-1970.
      • 042 church chair 1824.
      • 046 Kirchhof 1820-1993.
      • 072 Church book Bössow 1740 - 1933.

Printed sources

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Paul Kühnel: The Slavic place names in Meklenburg In: Association for Mecklenburg history and antiquity: Yearbooks of the association for Mecklenburg history and antiquity. - Vol. 46 (1881), page 28 digitized
  2. ↑ MUB I. (1863) No. 375.
  3. ↑ MUB V. (1869) No. 3491.
  4. ↑ Landeskirchliches Archiv, Specialia 027 Bössow.
  5. ↑ Mecklenburgische Kirchenzeitung No. 52, from December 29, 1991; Ostsee-Zeitung from 22nd and 29th August 2003.
  6. ↑ see Crull: Die Kirche zu Bössow, p. 189
  7. ↑ Friedrich Schlie, Lit., p. 353; Sophie von Plessen, b. von Stralendorff, survived her husband and died at Großenhof on November 14, 1653. She was buried in the church of Klütz. The founder legend is therefore not entirely conclusive.
  8. ↑ M. Naumann: The Plessen - family line from XIII. to XX. Century . Edited by Dr. Helmold von Plessen on behalf of the family association. 2nd revised and expanded edition. CA Starke Verlag, Limburg an der Lahn, 1971, p. 86
  9. ↑ Original arrangement in Schlie (Lit.)
  10. ^ Institute for the Preservation of Monuments in Schwerin, Bössow Church Building File.
  11. ^ Institute for the Preservation of Monuments in Schwerin, Bössow Church Building File
  12. ^ Institute for the Preservation of Monuments in Schwerin, Bössow Church Building File
  13. ↑ MUB XVIII. (1897) No. 10194.
  14. ↑ Claus Peter: The bells of the Wismar churches and their history. 2016, p. 220.
  15. ^ Friedrich Schlie: Das Kirchdorf Bössow. 1898, pp. 352-353.
  16. ^ Gustav Willgeroth : The Mecklenburg-Schwerin Parishes since the Thirty Years' War. Wismar 1925.
  17. ↑ Friedrich Lisch : About the Protestant Church Visitation from 1535. MJB 8 (1843) p. 50.
  18. ^ Friedrich Lisch: Directory of the first Protestant preachers in the Grevesmühlen district. MJB 12 (1847) p. 171.

Coordinates: 53 ° 55 ′ 6.5 ″  N , 11 ° 13 ′ 1.6 ″  E