Benthen village church
The Evangelical Lutheran village church in Benthen is a listed church building in Benthen, a district of Werder , in the Ludwigslust-Parchim district ( Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania ). The community belongs to the Parchim provost in the Mecklenburg parish of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Northern Germany ( Northern Church ).
history
Only one document has come down to us about Benthen and his church from the Middle Ages. On July 5, 1267, Bishop Hermann von Schwerin consecrated the church in Benthen in particular in honor of the Apostle Matthias and the Saints Florentius and Cassius . This is a copy of a document by Pastor Thomas Tideus from 1573, who found the note walled in in the altar at Benthen. At that time he was fighting with Hinrich Jaspar von Weltzien about the patronage of the church.
At the beginning of the 16th century and later, there were frequent conflicts between those of Passow and von Weltzien, who sat on their parish-parish properties in Passow and Weisin and had rights to individual farms in Benthen. Gradually, however, those of Weltzien gained the upper hand in Benthen. Weisin, Grambow and Benthen were firmly in their hands until 1700.
Thereafter ownership changed constantly until 1945. In 1701, Captain Adam Henning von Bülow bought the Benthen estate from Major Elar von Weltzien. He started the Tannenhof , which bears the name Eulenkrug , as a Benthen dairy . After his death in 1738, Benthen returned to the von Weltzien family.
The churches in Passow and Weisin were first attested to as branches of Benthen in 1557 in the visitation protocol . Later each of the owners of the three estates Benthen, Passow and Weisin also exercised patronage for their church.
Building history
On the highest place in the village is one of the strangest churches in the country and extraordinarily built. The church is built entirely in the Romanesque architectural style and half of the rock, which is extraordinarily similar to the equally remarkable church of Frauenmark near Crivitz , about a mile away . The stylistic features of the building as well as the ranking of the individual structural elements suggesting an early construction make the given date 1267 appear possible. According to dendrochronological dating, the choir is said to have been built between 1250 and 1260. The church, founded around 1230 by the knight Hermann von Dargun in Frauenmark and built in the Romanesque transition style, is also similar to that in Benthen. The brick apse , which was probably last built, is adjoined to the west by the square choir and by a wider, rectangular nave. The roof structure comes from 1375 together with a walled anchor wood for the lost imperial stem of the apse. The late Gothic east gable above the apse was covered with larger bricks after a fire.
The damage discovered in 1972 led to the collapse of parts of the roof structure of the nave including the gable at the beginning of May 1974; various works of art were destroyed in the process. After the church was blocked on May 7, 1974 by the Lübz State Building Inspectorate, the Council of the Lübz District, Department of Interior, asked the Institute for Monument Preservation in Schwerin to provide technical and financial support in order to be able to remove the eyesore in Benthen as soon as possible.
Under the conditions at the time, the complete new roof construction only took six years. On the 3rd Advent in 1979 the parish in Benthen was able to use its church again.
The consecration took place on May 11, 1980. The pastor's position had been vacant for ten years and was not filled again until 1983. A comprehensive church renovation is to begin on the church roof in May 2020.
Building description
The field stone church of Benthen is on the one hand a field stone building of the Brandenburg type, but on the other hand it has an unusually apsidal choir closure made of brick, which was built at the same time, but still looks as if attached.
Exterior
The Romanesque brick and stone church with its characteristic graduation of apse, choir, nave and tower was begun around 1250 in the Romanesque style.
The almost square west tower with an outer width of seven meters, a wall thickness of 1.60 meters and a height of 22 meters was built around 1300 with a field stone basement. The upper, slightly recessed floor was built in brick in 1776. The brick masonry on the west side of the tower was loosened up by diamond patterns. The sound openings are pointed and made visible during the last renovation in 1999 with a white lime paint. The spire with a tent roof is crowned with a ball and a cross. The lower tower windows are provided with pointed arches, each with two flat arched windows.
The western entrance gate with a flat arch and soffit was drawn in strongly and above it was provided with a supraport and a pointed arch cover. There was probably also a church clock , because there is still an old clockwork on the tower floor . There are also three plaques of honor from citizens of Benthen who fell in the wars, including a list of the decorated veterans of the Benthen community from the campaigns 1808–1815.
The outer walls of the nave and choir, which is almost 18 meters long and 13 meters wide, have been carefully designed in rows of gray granite blocks, the corners and the base of hewn field stones. The joints were scratched up to a height of two meters and are still preserved today. The brick gables are decorated with arched panels. The gable roof of the nave was covered with concrete roof tiles after the collapse in 1974. The west end of the ship is an ornamental gable with overlapping round arch bars. All windows and the main gate are arched in a round arch, the window reveals are provided with hewn cuboids. The classified Romanesque arched portal on the south wall of the nave was changed in the 18th century. The pillars on both sides are made of hewn granite and covered by a granite slab that protrudes as a warrior. The semicircular arch of the door made of monastery stone rests on it . The so-called priest gate on the south side of the choir was walled up with field stones .
The semicircular apse is made of bricks in the monastery format, stands on a field stone base and closes on three sides on the outside. It is decorated with pilaster strips and an arched frieze and is lit through five relatively large arched windows. The outer three-sided outline is unprecedented in the wider area, because the two western sides are curved, but the eastern wall is straight.
Interior
The white plastered nave as a hall-like ship has a flat beam and board ceiling. The retracted, almost square choir with its coarse cross vault on ribbon ribs is separated from the apse, which was designed as a conche , by a round-arched triumphal arch .
The first complex interior renovation took place from 1958 to 1962, whereby the church was given its current equipment. The von Behr-Negendank gallery on the north side of the nave was demolished without permission. The choir was freed from all previous fixtures and the altar block from the apse was pulled far forward into the choir. In the line of sight in front of it in the choir is the new baptized fifth , to the left of it a simple wooden pulpit and on the right side of the wall the panel painting painted on wood.
- The eastern stained glass window Risen in the apse was created in 1962 by the Rostock artist and restorer Lothar Mannewitz .
- The ornate metal baptismal font with four scenes from the history of salvation was donated by Bishop Niklot Beste in 1964 , who had his first pastorate in Benthen.
- The panel painting by an unknown artist on the right east wall in the nave is probably a work from the 18th century, it shows Christ on Mount Golgotha , Jerusalem can be seen in the background.
- The grave slab for Pastor Petrus Gunnibertus (Peter Guntbert) is in the floor of the nave: The inscription reads: H. PETRUS GUNNIBERTUS 35 YEARS PASTOR TO BENTHEN DIED SELIG AO 1671 OLD 71 YEARS.
Patronage stalls
Of the stately oak chairs that the patron family von Weltzien had made in 1585 , only ten carved heraldic panels are left today. The stalls once stood on the west wall in the nave, the men on the south side and the women on the north side. The stalls from 1585 were demolished in 1961. After the roof structure of the nave and the wooden beam ceiling collapsed in 1974, the recovered ten heraldic panels were hung on the north wall in 1979 after the construction work was completed.
The carved coats of arms, names and the year 1585 read:
- von Weltzien: Achim Weltzin, OUR BLESSED FADER, GRACE EHM GOTH., Jasper Weltzien, Pilip Weltzin, GRADE EHM GOTH., Hinrich Weltzin, Achim Weltzin.
- von Grabow : Dorothea von Grabow.
- von Passow : Maddalena von Passow.
- von Warnstedt : Margareta von Warnstedt.
- von Bülow : Elisabeth von Bülow.
- von Behr : Anna von Beren.
organ
The organ (II / P / 9 + 4) was built in 1990 by the organ builder Wolfgang Nußbücker from Plau and is at ground level on the west wall. The prospectus consists of five asymmetrical fields with pipes from the principals above the central play cupboard. The previous organ (I / 5) was built by Friedrich Friese III in 1862 ; it was destroyed in 1974 when the roof structure of the nave collapsed.
Bell jar
In the belfry of the tower only a hanging bell which 1593 in Luebeck cast 1.06 meters tall and 730 kg bell MARTA AM CALLED ICK. The Schwerin Grand Ducal Museum Director Walter Josephi prepared an opinion on April 23, 1917 and classified the bell in the war year 1917 under a special scientific and historical artistic value .
The upper inscription in five rows on the Marthaglocke reads: ANNO DOMINI 1593 JASPER WELZIN MERCY HIM GODT PATRON BEEN HENRICH WELTZIN IZIGER TIT AVERSTEN PATRON DER KERKN THO BENTHEIM HENRICH WELTZIN SINE LEVEN SONZENNOCHVIEDELZ WORLDIN JOHANN DIDRICH ITZIGER ZIDT PASTOR THO BENTHEN HANS KAFOLT TONS LVBEKE followed by the casting mark. At the bottom of the brass knuckles you can read: CONVOCO VIVOS AD TEMPVLM MORTUOS AD SOPULC HRVM MICHGEL WESTFAL HANS KROGER GHIM DVNKER. In the front and back fields are the coats of arms of Weltzien, von Bülow, von Passow, von Restorff and another older inscription: MARTHA BIN ICK GENANNT.
In 1996, during an examination of the bell, it was found that the clapper was too heavy. A lighter one was forged and an electric bell system with a timer was installed at the same time.
Originally a second, larger bell hung in the tower from 1689. This is said to have smashed the pastor at the time, Johann Samuel Hintze, with Messrs. Langfeld zu Weisin in 1789 and brought them to Wismar for a new cast. But that never happened. In the handwritten chronicle begun in 1860 by Pastor Joachim Heinrich Franck, it can be read that in 1703 the church received only the bell money for each adult corpse 12 shillings and the money ... through the bell bag.
Pastors
Names and years indicate the verifiable mention as pastor.
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Parish
The Evangelical Lutheran Parish of Benthen includes the towns of Benthen with church, Charlottenhof, Neu Benthen, Passow with church , Tannenhof, Weisin with church , Weltzin and Werder. The Benthen parish with the parish is connected to the Granzin parish .
literature
in order of appearance
- Friedrich Lisch : The church at Benthen. In: Yearbooks of the Association for Mecklenburg History and Archeology , vol. 38 (1873), pp. 179–181.
- Friedrich Schlie : The art and historical monuments of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin , Vol. 4: The district court districts Schwaan, Bützow, Sternberg, Güstrow, Krakow, Goldberg, Parchim, Lübz and Plau . Bärensprung'sche Hofbuchdruckerei, Schwerin 1901, pp. 543-546 (reprint 1993, ISBN 3-910179-08-8 ).
- Karl Augustin: Chronicle of the parish of Benthen . 1939 (revised by Burghardt Keuthe 1995, unpublished).
- Ernst Badstübner, Sibylle Badstübner-Gröger, Beate Becker, Heinrich Trost (arrangement): Georg Dehio . Handbook of German Art Monuments. The districts of Neubrandenburg, Rostock, Schwerin . Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1968.
- Gerd Baier: German art monuments. A picture handbook , Vol. 4: Districts Neubrandenburg, Rostock, Schwerin . Edition Leipzig, Leipzig 1970.
- Horst Ende : Village churches in Mecklenburg . Evangelische Verlagsanstalt, Berlin 1975, pp. 135–136.
- Burghard Keuthe: Sights of the Parchim-Lübz region in Mecklenburg. Churches, palaces, castles, manor houses, farmhouses, defense towers . Parchimer Verlag, Parchim 1994, p. 18.
- Hans-Christian Feldmann, Gerd Baier, Dietlinde Brugmann, Antje Heling, Barbara Rimpel (arrangement): Georg Dehio. Handbook of German Art Monuments. Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania . Munich / Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-422-03081-6 .
- ZEBI eV, START eV: Village and town churches in the Parchim parish . Bremen, Rostock 2001, ISBN 3-86108-795-2 .
- Tilo Schöfbeck: Medieval churches between Trave and Peene . Berlin 2014, ISBN 978-3-86732-131-0 , pp. 66 ff, 187, 362.
swell
Printed sources
- Mecklenburg record book (MUB)
- Mecklenburg Yearbooks (MJB)
Unprinted sources
-
State Main Archive Schwerin (LHAS)
- LHAS 2.12-3 / 2 Monasteries and orders of knights. No. 126.
- LHAS 3.2-3 / 1 Provincial Monastery / Monastery Office Dobbertin. 4.2 Lawsuits, Debt Claims.
- LHAS 5.12-3 / 1 Mecklenburg-Schwerin Ministry of the Interior.
- LHAS 5.12-4 / 3 Ministry of Agriculture, Domains and Forests, Dept. Settlement Office.
- LHAS 5.12-7 / 1 Mecklenburg-Schwerin Ministry for Education, Art. spiritual and medical matters.
- LHAS 9.1-1 Reich Chamber Court
- LKAS, OKR Schwerin, church records 1673–1877.
- LKAS, OKR Schwerin, Specialia, Dept. 1 No. 050 Benthen, Passow, Weisin.
- LKAS, OKR Schwerin, Specialia, Section 3 No. 518 Benthen, Passow.
- LKAS, OKR Schwerin, Specialia, Dept. 4 No. 753 Benthen, Passow.
- LKAS, OKR Schwerin, Benthen parish archive 1937–1961.
- LKAS, OKR Schwerin, Lübz parish archive 1912–1913.
- Department of State Monument Preservation, Archive, Church Files 1961–2000.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Pages of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Northern Germany
- ↑ MUB IV. (1867) No. 2693.
- ^ Wolf Lüdeke von Weltzien: Families from Mecklenburg and Western Pomerania . Genealogies of developed and living sexes. Volume I. Nagold 1989.
- ↑ MJB 38 (1873) Friedrich Lisch: The Church of Benthen. P. 179.
- ^ Horst Ende: Benthen, (Kr. Lübz) In: Dorfkirchen in Mecklenburg. 1975 pp. 134-135.
- ↑ Tilo Schöfbeck: Medieval churches between Travelodge and Peene. 2014, p. 362.
- ↑ Tilo Schöfbeck: Medieval churches between Travelodge and Peene. 2014, p. 187.
- ^ Council of the Lübz District, Schwerin District, Deputy for the Interior: Benthen Church in the Lübz District. May 24, 1974.
- ↑ a b The Benthen parish and its churches. In: Official communications from the communities between Elde and Mildenitz. March 1992 No. 2 p. 1.
- ↑ At the end many candles were burning. Mecklenburg Church Newspaper of January 13, 1980.
- ↑ Alexander Fischbach: New roof for the church. SVZ Lübz - Goldberg - Plau, May 13, 2020.
- ↑ Tilo Schöfbeck: The development of the church building. 2014, p. 66.
- ^ Georg Dehio: Handbook of the German Art Monuments, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. 2000 p. 58
- ↑ Horst Alsleben : One of the strangest churches in the country ... Mecklenburgische Kirchenzeitung, No. 5, January 29, 1995.
- ↑ Horst Alsleben: One of the strangest churches in the country ... The village church in Benthen. Mecklenburg No. 5, 1994 p. 13.
- ^ Georg Dehio: Handbook of the German Art Monuments, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania . 2000 p. 58.
- ^ Georg Dehio: Handbook of the German Art Monuments, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. 2000, p. 58.
- ↑ Gerd Baier : Report on a visit to the Benthen church by the Schwerin Institute for Monument Preservation on April 23, 1961.
- ^ Georg Dehio: Handbook of the German Art Monuments, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. 2000 p. 59.
- ^ Karl Augustin: Chronicle of the parish of Benthen. 1939 p. 23.
- ↑ Remnants of the stalls with the year 1585 were still in 1961 with the master carpenter Lemke in Granzin.
- ^ Friedrich Schlie: The church village of Benthen. In: The art and historical monuments of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. 1901 p. 545.
- ↑ Gustav Bergter: Venerable MARTHA has been ringing above the Benthener Land for 140 years. SVZ February 13, 2003 No. 37 p. 17.
- ^ Friedrich Schlie: The church village of Benthen. In: The art and historical monuments of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. 1901 pp. 545-546.
- ^ Friedrich Schlie: The church village of Benthen. 1901, p. 543.
- ^ Gustav Willgeroth: The Mecklenburg-Schwerin Parish since the Thirty Years' War. Wismar 1925.
Coordinates: 53 ° 31 ′ 0.3 ″ N , 12 ° 0 ′ 27.5 ″ E