Eich (Wermelskirchen)

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Today the Eich is a street in Wermelskirchen in the Rheinisch-Bergisches Kreis in North Rhine-Westphalia . It runs from the southwest from Burgerstrasse to northeast to Kölnerstrasse and Telegrafenstrasse. Until the construction of the B 51n , called Dellmannstrasse, it was the main axis of traffic in Wermelskirchen. It was named after the original district of Eich, which is still symbolically represented in the coat of arms as an oak. Next to it there is a swan for the district " Schwanen " and the church for the district "Dorf". A reference of the name "Eich" to the seven aldermen oaks at the former court at "Schwanen" must be ruled out.

history

Customs leaseholder Peter Schmidt (1768–1817) to the Eich

Eich was first mentioned in 1379 with the corner of van der Eeck . On August 24, 1462, Duke Gerhard von Berg appointed Wilhelm zor Eych, to whom he owed 634 florins, as a waiter at Burg Castle until this debt was paid off. At the same time, Wilhelm receives escort. In 1469 "eyne maitgen op me gaedam", meaning "a girl on the gaddem", paid four albus in taxes.

The waiter's office at Schloss Burg was certainly a not insignificant function in the state constitution of the time. The waiter was originally responsible as a castle clerk for the physical well-being of the castle crew. The name is derived from the cellar as the place of storage of the manorial income in kind, for which he was responsible. His area of ​​responsibility included the collection and accounting of the sovereign income that was collected in the official cellar and -scheuer, as well as the establishment of interest and income registers. At Schloss Burg the waiter also had lower jurisdiction. The first surviving burger stock book was created in 1692.

The escort will have referred to the general protection and protection of the sovereign. The sum of 634 florins, also known as florins, represented a not inconsiderable value and roughly corresponded to a farm.

The barrier, customs office on the Eich 1802
Today's Hotel Zur Eich

The Eich as a customs post

The Eich was on the extensive trade route from Bruges to Cologne and on to Dortmund to the Baltic States and Novgorod. Around 1774 to 1776, part of this important trade route to the Chaussee was expanded under Elector Carl Theodor. A plan for the construction of this highway is available. There were many customs offices on this busy long-distance connection.

A customs office for Lennep with a beizoll in Wermelskirchen is attested as early as 1398. As late as 1802, the customs office was illustrated on a historical map with a barrier at the oak and labeled "Barrier". The house with the number 10 is today's " Hotel zur Eich ", the number 46 marks the confluence of Telegrafenstrasse. One of the last tax collectors was Peter Schmidt zur Eich.

The town houses

The house no. "Eich 6-8" on the Eich are the so-called "town houses" which have been used mainly by the Wermelskirchen Music School since 2009. There is also a hall for council meetings, a wedding room and the so-called "Querbacher Stube" of the Querbach home group. Eich No. 8 was built in 1763 by Adolph Schmidt, blacksmith and customs leaseholder, after the great city fire of 1758. He was the father of Peter Schmidt (see picture opposite) The letters AS were on the weather vane , for Adolph Schmidt and MCS for Maria Catherina Schmidt, his wife, and the year 1763.

Auel Brass Hötte

The "Auel Brass Hötte"

At the oak there were some small winding streets with small houses z. T. "Hut" were called, including the so-called "Auel Brass Hötte". In dialect, Auel stands for Old High German and Hötte for hut . The word Brass refers to the owner, the Brass family. This family owned the large " Gaddemer Gut " on the market in Wermelskirchen and since 1662 a house on the so-called "Kenkhauser Gasse", today's Telegrafenstrasse, where house number 5 is today. This house was sold in 1806 by Johann Brass to widow Peter Arnold vom Stein, who is named as the owner in the original cadastre in 1828.

In 1818, when the Brass inheritance was divided, the "land near the Eichhouses" was listed. Architect Max Heinrichs left a drawing from memory from his childhood around 1920; he was the son of the first city chronicler of Wermelskirchen Peter Joseph Heinrichs.

Because of its peculiar roof shape, the building was called dialectly "dat Schriefpolt", in High German "the writing desk".

Wash pond the oak on the column stem

Behind the former railway line, today's Dellmannstrasse, there used to be a large pond that served as a wash pond. At its edge there were three, e.g. Partly covered walkways, where the housewives kneeled to wash their laundry. When in 1857 Carl Wilh.Dorfmüller and the Gottl. vom Stein sold several parcels as washing and bleaching areas, it was mapped. This map of the pond has survived to this day. In 1911 this pond was drawn in a map of "Schumacher's Park".

Sources and literature

  • Fischer, O., "Stucker Pöttchen" and the "Brasstränke", Wermelskirchener Zeitung May 18, 1943, No. 114, StadtA Wermelskirchen, estate of O. Fischer
  • State Archive of North Rhine-Westphalia, Rhineland Dept., Jülich-Berg I, 1326, No. 38
  • Schumacher, G., (Ed.) Wermelskirchen - Pictures from the Past ..., Remscheid 1983
  • Breidenbach, KJ, Already in 1398 a Landwehr with a customs office ..., Rhein.Berg.Kalender, Berg.Gladbach 1987
  • Lexikon des Mittelalters, Vol. IV, Sp. 1097, Sp. 1790, Munich 1989
  • Buse, K.-D. / Frantz, J., Abgabelisten ..., Wermelskirchen 1991
  • Seibt, F., U. a. (Ed.) Transit Bruges - Novgorod, Eine Strasse ..., Essen 1997
  • Weber, R., The Weber Plan ... for Wermelskirchen, Wermelskirchen 2004
  • Breidenbach, NJ, old houses and courtyards in the Wupperviereck in Wermelskirchen, Castle Castle, Remscheid, Hückeswagen, Wipperfürth, Kürten, Lindlar, Odenthal, Burscheid, Wermelskirchen 2011, ISBN 978-3-9802801-2-9

Coordinates: 51 ° 8 ′ 14.1 ″  N , 7 ° 12 ′ 39.8 ″  E