Eurabia

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Caricatures: Green European flag with Scimitarians and Arabic lettering ...
... and flag of Turkey in European colors (cf. Hilal (crescent moon) ) (For the incorrect equation of Arabs and Muslims see here )

Eurabia (Eurabia) is a political term coined by the British author Gisèle Littman under her pseudonym Bat Yeʾor . He describes a vision of the future that is perceived as threatening, according to which Europe will be under Muslim rule and that this is an inevitable consequence of the immigration of Muslims to European states.

Origin of the expression in Europe and the USA

Alleged eventual expansion of Eurabia
Actual spread of Islam in Europe in 2011. Legend

The neologism "Eurabia", in the English original composed of the words Europe and Arabia , was the title of a newsletter on Euro-Arab relations in the 1970s, which was published by the "European Committee for the Coordination of Friendly Relations with the Arab World" ( Comité Européen de Coordination des Associations d'Amitié avec le Monde Arabe , Paris, or Association pour la Coopération Euro-Arabe APCEA, English PAEAC). It was published in collaboration with Middle East International , London , France-Pays Arabes , Paris and the Groupe d'Etudes sur le Moyen-Orient in Geneva .

According to Bat Ye'or, the title of the newsletter was the model for her book Eurabia: The Euro-Arab Axis . There the author portrays demographic change as the result of what she believes has been an EU policy that France has been pushing for thirty years. According to Ye'or, the French would surrender and submit to the Islam that would soon prevail in France. This also applies to Europe, and the future of Europe is therefore Eurabia, in which Christians are second class citizens. Churches and cathedrals would be replaced by mosques and Europe's links with the US and Israel would be undermined. This development is no coincidence, but wanted by European and Arab politicians. The term is often used by authors such as Oriana Fallaci , Robert Spencer , Daniel Pipes , Hans-Peter Raddatz (see also the literature list), Bruce Bawer and bloggers such as Fjordman . It is also widely used by right-wing extremists . Anders Behring Breivik , the perpetrator behind the 2011 attacks in Norway , justified his murders with wanting to stop “Eurabia”.

In this context, Eurabia also serves as a polemical term for the concept of a Euro-Mediterranean free trade area ( EUROMED ), suggested by the then Federal Foreign Minister of the FRG, Joseph Fischer , among others , which was not implemented. In opposition to Gisèle Littman , Georg Meggle sees the Eurabia scenario she invokes as “a vision” to strengthen Arab and European identity and as a way out of the current crisis in these areas.

criticism

This article or the following section is not adequately provided with supporting documents ( e.g. individual evidence ). Information without sufficient evidence could be removed soon. Please help Wikipedia by researching the information and including good evidence.

The term Eurabia is criticized as polemical because of its political and social exaggeration . Thorsten Gerald Schneiders, for example, sees it as a means of drawing anti-Islamic fear scenarios . According to other assessments, the term has become a new “battle cry against Islam and Muslims”.

The thesis of a European-Arab axis is considered an anti-Arab and anti-Islamic conspiracy theory , which implies the democratic governments of Europe with intent to deceive foreign and domestic politics. It is also pointed out that, for example, it is not Europe but the USA that is one of the closest economic and military allies of Saudi Arabia - there can therefore be no question of a blanket alignment between the Muslim EU and the USA.

It is also criticized that the term Europe connects Muslims with Arabia. Most of the Muslims living in Europe come from Turkey and the Balkans , support secular forms of government (Turkey, Bosnia-Herzegovina , Albania ) and also value their own European identity .

The connection between religiosity and the higher number of births does not arise from an Islamist plan either , but also applies to followers of other religions; religious Christians and Jews also have more children than secular ones. In the opinion of many critics, the birth rates of European Muslims are in line with the respective environment if they are successfully integrated. In addition to undoubted shortcomings in integration policy, there are also a number of successfully integrated Muslims in Europe . Polemical exclusion , as suggested by the term, reinforces discrimination and parallel societies .

Doug Saunders also points out in his book Mythos foreign infiltration. A reckoning indicates that, according to reputable surveys, Muslims in most European countries also differ in percentage terms less and less from the prevailing views of the general population of the respective country in which they live, even when it comes to their views on conflict-prone issues (such as women's rights , homosexuality , abortion or Israel ) , distinguish. In addition, earlier (e.g. in the USA or Great Britain) against Irish Catholics and Jews very similar allegations were made with regard to allegedly high birth rates, religious fanaticism , infiltration and unwillingness to integrate.

literature

Articles representing the thesis of Eurabia

Reference is made in particular to: Oswald Spengler : Der Untergang des Abendlandes .

Scientific literature on the concept and topic

Critical literature on the thesis

  • Jonathan Laurence and Justin Vaïsse, Integrating Islam Political and Religious Challenges in Contemporary France, Washington, DC, Brookings Institution Press, 2006, ISBN 0-8157-5151-6

See also

Web links

Commons : Eurabia  - collection of images, videos and audio files

swell

  1. ↑ see French Wikipedia: fr: Eurabia (revue)
  2. ↑ David Aaronovitch: The latest disease: sensitive people saying ridiculous things about Islam , The Times 2005
  3. ^ Matt Carr: You are now entering Eurabia ; In: Race & Class Copyright & 2006 Institute of Race Relations Vol. 48 (1): 1–22 rac.sagepub.com AGE Publications New Delhi, Thousand Oaks, London 2006
  4. ^ Bat Ye'or (2005). Eurabia: The Euro-Arab Axis. New Jersey, USA: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. ISBN 978-0-8386-4077-7 .
  5. ↑ Marján, Attila; André Sapir (2010). Europe's Destiny. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 161. ISBN 0-8018-9547-2 .
  6. ^ Johann Hari , " Amid all this panic, we must remember one simple fact - Muslims are not all the same ", The Independent , London, 2006
  7. ↑ Zúquete, José Pedro (October 2008). "The European Extreme Right and Islam: New directions?". Journal of Political Ideologies 13 (3): 321-344. Retrieved April 22, 2012.
  8. ↑ Nicolas Richter : The end of the beginning. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung , July 26, 2011, accessed on July 28, 2011
  9. ↑ Oriana Fallaci : Eurabia, Colony of Islam. In: Cicero , November 23, 2004.
  10. ^ Teaching WS 2007/08 , University of Leipzig
  11. ↑ My vision: EURABIA (PDF; 69 kB), Georg Meggle, February 4, 2003
  12. ↑ Thorsten Gerald Schneiders: Islamophobia: When The Limits Of Criticism Blur . Springer , Wiesbaden 2010, ISBN 978-3-531-92385-7 , pp. 195 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  13. ↑ Stefan Schreiner : The "Christian Europe" - a fiction . In: Jürgen Micksch (ed.): Intercultural contributions . tape 24 - From the Christian Occident to Abrahamic Europe. Verlag Otto Lembeck, Frankfurt am Main 2008, ISBN 978-3-87476-561-9 , p. 143 ( limited preview in Google Book search).