Eustachius Gabriel
Eustace Gabriel (* 1724 in Unterschwarzach ; † 5. October 1772 in Ljubljana / Ljubljana ) was a church painter and fresco painter of the Baroque from Upper Swabia .
Life
Eustachius Gabriel was baptized on September 20, 1724 in Unterschwarzach, which belonged to the county of Waldsee. His father, Michael Gabriel, was a carpenter and ran a small farm . No documents have been received about his training. It can be assumed, however, that he received his first training from the painter and gilder Gabriel Weiß in Wurzach and was an assistant to Matthäus Günther in Augsburg around 1744/47 . Until 1767 Eustachius Gabriel worked in Upper Swabia in the area around Bad Waldsee , in the Illertal and in the Black Forest , then in Carinthia , Styria and today's Slovenia . Gabriel died on October 5, 1772 in Ljubljana . He was buried in the church crypt of the Franciscans in Ljubljana, formerly Laibach.
Appreciation / criticism
Gabriel was stylistically influenced mainly by the following painters:
- Matthäus Günther , Johann Evangelist Holzer and Johann Georg Bergmüller
- Franz Joseph Spiegler
- Franz Anton Maulbertsch
- Giovanni Battista Tiepolo
His painting style is characterized by the following features:
- Recourse to third-party templates (especially Augsburg reproductions, e.g. Bergmüller sequences)
- self-repeating compiler
- inexpensive quick and multi-painter
- lifelong difficulties and insecurities in practicing the fresco technique
- insufficient knowledge of drawing as well as anatomy and clothing
- in the robes the juxtaposition of coarse-burried and finely chiseled rabbets reminiscent of Maulbertsch
- in the physiognomies, the preference for kissable figures with rosy cheeks, but sometimes coarse noses that form a straight line with the forehead
- Virtuosity in perspective architectural painting, painted high altars and altar stages (baroque theater), model: M. Günther
- Light-on-light painting: brown-violet or gray-black shadow areas, especially in the late work (Graz, Premstätten)
Works
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Deckenfresko_Kloster-_und_Pfarrkirche_St._Peter_und_Paul_%28Reute%29.jpg/220px-Deckenfresko_Kloster-_und_Pfarrkirche_St._Peter_und_Paul_%28Reute%29.jpg)
Plants in southern Germany and Switzerland:
- Bad Waldsee : Castle Chapel of the Holy Cross - Dome frescoes (1751)
- Winterstettendorf : parish church hl. Pankratius - 2 side altar paintings (1753)
- Waldshut-Tiengen : Parish Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary - ceiling frescoes (1754)
- Haisterkirch : parish church hl. Johannes Baptist - Stations of the Cross (1755)
- Kaiserstuhl am Hochrhein: parish church hl. Katharina - ceiling frescoes (1755)
- Winterstettenstadt : parish church hl. Georg - ceiling frescoes (around 1755)
- Wettingen an der Aare: Former Cistercian monastery church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary - ceiling frescoes (1757)
- Michelwinnaden : Parish and pilgrimage church of St. Johannes Ev. - ceiling frescoes (around 1760)
- Osterhofen near Bad Waldsee / Haisterkirch: Chapel - ceiling frescoes (1762)
- Bad Waldsee: Frauenberg chapel - ceiling frescoes (1762)
- Degernau : Chapel of St. Laurentius - Ceiling frescoes (1763)
- Ingoldingen : Parish Church of St. Georg - 1 painting (around 1765)
- Waldburg : parish church hl. Magnus - ceiling frescoes (around 1765)
- Obereschach near Ravensburg : parish church hl. Johannes Baptist - 6 wall frescoes (around 1765)
- Pless an der Iller: parish church hll. Gordian and Epimachus - ceiling frescoes and high altar paintings (1766)
- Unteressendorf : parish church hl. Martin - 2 side altar paintings (around 1766/67)
- Reute near Bad Waldsee: Franciscan monastery church / parish and pilgrimage church hll. Peter and Paul - ceiling and wall frescoes (around 1766/67)
- Pless an der Iller: pilgrimage chapel to the Holy Cross - ceiling frescoes (1767)
Plants in Carinthia, Styria and Slovenia:
- Tainach : Propsteikirche Mariä Himmelfahrt - ceiling frescoes (whitewashed), 2 side altar paintings (1768)
- Guttaring : Parish Church of St. Rupert - 1 altar painting in the north chapel (1769)
- Klagenfurt : Priest house church hl. Karl Borromeo - ceiling frescoes (1769–71, removed in 1958)
- Stein near Viktring in Klagenfurt am Wörthersee: Viktring-Stein parish church - high altar picture St. Florian, top picture Holy Trinity (1770)
- Graz : Chapel of the Domherrenhof - ceiling frescoes (around 1770/71)
- Unterpremstätten : Chapel of Premstätten Castle - ceiling frescoes (1772)
- Smlednik / Flödnig (today in Medvode ): Castle - ceiling frescoes in the ballroom (around 1772)
literature
- BUSHART, Bruno: Eustachius Gabriel, "his profession a Mahler", in: Association for Augsburger Bistumsgeschichte 29, 1995, p. 175ff.
- BUSHART, Bruno: Comments on Eustachius Gabriel, in: Franz Anton Maulbertsch and his Swabian circle, edited by Eduard Hindelang, Sigmaringen 1996. pp. 115–122.
- EGGER, Hermann: Caspar Johann Fibich, in: Blätter für Heimatkunde, published by the Historisches Verein für Steiermark 13, 1935, pp. 54–57.
- FLAD, Max: A baroque painter who was loyal to Schwarzach. Life and work of Eustach Gabriel (1724-1772), in: Heimatkundliche Blätter for the district of Biberach 5, Heft 2, 1982, pp. 39–44.
- FRISCH, Otto: Eustachius Gabriel from Unterschwarzach (1724-1772). An Upper Swabian painter of the late baroque, Bad Wurzach 1982.
- KUNZE, Matthias: Under the spell of Tiepolo - On the resonance of Giambattista and Domenico Tiepolo's art in 18th century painting in southern Germany, in: Autumn of the Baroque, edited by Andreas Tacke, Munich, Berlin 1998, pp. 137–164.
- MEINE-SCHAWE, Monika, SCHAWE, Martin: The Reuschel Collection - Oil Sketches of the Late Baroque, Munich 1995, pp. 70–75.
- MUROVEC, Barbara: Eustachius Gabriel's Frescoes in the Castle of Smlednik, in: Acta historiae artis Slovenica 2, 1997, pp. 153-158.
- NEUBAUER-KIENZL Barbara, DEUER Wilhelm, MAHLKNECHT Eduard: Barock in Kärnten, Klagenfurt 2000.
Web links
personal data | |
---|---|
SURNAME | Gabriel, Eustachius |
ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Gabriel, Eustach |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German baroque painter |
DATE OF BIRTH | baptized September 20, 1724 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Unterschwarzach |
DATE OF DEATH | October 5, 1772 |
Place of death | Laibach |