Evangelical Church Münster (Laubach)

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Evangelical Church from the southeast

The Evangelical Church in Münster , a district of Laubach in the district of Gießen ( Hesse ), is a late Gothic three-aisled hall church . Various Romanesque features on the windows, the baptismal font, the remains of the flat ceiling in the nave and the west tower point to an essentially Romanesque church that was later extensively rebuilt or largely renewed. The south aisle has three gables and the west tower has a slim pointed spire. The Hessian cultural monument was built in the 15th century and its oldest parts go back to the 12th century.

history

Vault paintings in the south choir from the 15th century.

The name "Münster" is derived from the Latin "monasterium" and indicates a settlement of monks. There is evidence of a pleban for 1304 and a parish for 1316, which, like other parishes, was incorporated into the Lich Marienstift founded in 1316 . The time when the church was built has not been passed down, but is probably in the 12th century, or around 1300 at the latest. In the late Gothic period, the church received its current shape. Ecclesiastically, Münster belonged to the Archdeaconate of St. Johann in the Archdiocese of Mainz . With the introduction of the Reformation , the parish changed to the Protestant creed.

In 1691 the community built an organ gallery for a new organ and renewed some windows. The church roofs and tower were repaired in the 1690s, and the church tower and windows in the 1720s. A renovation of the roof followed in 1741 and one of the sacristy in 1748. At the beginning of the 19th century, the tower housed a four-way bell. A bell that cracked in 1825 was sold to the highest bidder. The sacristy was demolished in 1830 and the main choir was given a new, rectangular shape after part of the dilapidated choir collapsed in 1826. In 1830 the two windows of the middle gable were renewed and the pulpit was moved from the northern pillar of the triumphal arch to the central axis. In 1844, the foundations of an older choir with a semicircular apse were found under today's central choir. In 1854, a wall with an ogival wooden door was drawn in between the nave and the tower. A church renovation followed in 1883/1884, which included a new wooden floor and new church pews, which replaced the “women's chairs” from 1656 and the “man's chairs” from 1663. In addition, the south side of the roof was re-covered and the tower beams were renewed. In 1866 a new baptismal font was given by Sophie Harch, b. Cellar donated and the Romanesque font sold.

In 1890 the window in the east gable was renewed and a regulating furnace installed, which was replaced in 1901. During the renovation in 1951, tendril paintings and seven of the originally twelve late medieval consecration crosses on pillars and the south wall were exposed and the pulpit was moved back to the north pillar of the triumphal arch. The main choir, which was separated by a lattice wall and served as a sacristy, was opened and the altar was set up again. Since 1973, a glass wall with swing doors has replaced the entrance between the tower and the ship. In 1986 the tower roof was re-covered, in 1987 new interior plaster and in 1987/1988 the renovation of the outer walls due to moisture damage. The clock face of the tower clock was renewed in 1988 and the top of the tower was repaired. Renovations in the roof area were carried out in 1989–1991 and caused costs of 67,783 DM. In 2000, the Gothic frescoes in the baptistery were exposed and the colors refreshed for 62,000 DM.

Since April 1, 2014, the four so-called WORM congregations, which previously had two pastors, have been connected to the parish and are looked after by a pastor's office. WORM is an acronym from Wetterfeld , Ober-Bessingen , Röthges and Münster.

The church wall was renovated in 2014. The top of the wall was removed and rebuilt and the entire wall was re-grouted.

architecture

West tower
Arched interior

The three-aisled hall church on the western edge of the village is built of basalt stone masonry . It is built onto the old west tower and extended by two east choirs. The structure of the building is made of lung stone . The circumferential beveled base does not include the north aisle. The fortified wall enclosure, which has two loopholes on the north side, is partially preserved. The churchyard was used for burials until 1831.

One of the oldest preserved structures is the massive west tower with strong walls, which is built in the middle in front of the central nave. The tower hall has a ribbed vault , some of which rests on consoles with heads, and a small, narrow, pointed arch window made of lung stone on the south side. It is accessed through a pointed arched west portal, which was enlarged secondarily. Above it is a niche, which is flanked by sandstone pinnacles and angel heads. Presumably it is a sacrament house that comes from the broken choir and was let in here as a spoil . The arch between the tower and the nave is ogival and has been walled up since 1854. The stump of the original pyramid roof was given a pointed helmet in the 16th century. This rises above the four-sided bell storey with rectangular sound holes. Four triangular gables convey the slender eight-sided, slanted helmet. The bell room houses a three-ring bell, a large bell from 1601, a middle bell with the inscription: "Cast in the name of God by Philipp Bach and Kutschbach in Hungen anno 1772". The latter was cast from an Ave Maria bell marked 1572, which had cracked. The third, small bell from 1843 had also cracked and was cast by Friedrich Otto in Gießen. Today's Rincker bell from 1959 serves as a prayer and death bell. A small cast steel bell in the top of the tower comes from the former lignite mine on Hessenbrückenberg and was donated to the community in 1901.

The nave with a steep gable roof has three low yokes in each nave . The three aisles have different widths: the north aisle 2.66 meters, the central nave 4.25 meters, the south aisle 3.75 meters. They are separated from each other by square columns with ogival arcades, chamfered in the south . The ogival cross vault with grooved ribs rests on consoles only in the south. Some keystones are covered with heraldic shields, three passports and foliage. The main choir and the south choir have a straight end. Before 1830 the main choir had a semicircular apse from Romanesque times or a late Gothic five-eighth end . It is completed by a flat wooden beam ceiling. The keystone and other components of the original choir vault have been preserved. The southern side choir, which today serves as a baptistery, is slightly smaller than the southern yokes and is connected to them by a belt arch. The three gables of the south aisle are not based on the four bays, but their late Gothic windows are, which indicates a subsequent installation of the vault. Originally the nave was completed with a flat beam ceiling. Remnants of the Romanesque flat ceiling were dendrochronologically based on ten beams in the year 1164. Beam heads still protrude from the vault above the pillar arcades of the central nave. Accordingly, the central nave originally had the width of the tower and was later extended by two aisles. The main roof can be dated to 1446 and the gable to 1453.

The former pointed arch portal on the west side of the south aisle is walled up in the lower part and serves as a window in the upper part, while the pointed arch north portal in the western yoke is completely walled up. A stone spiral staircase in the western north nave gives access to the tower. The interior is made up of slotted windows in the west of the side aisles, in the north by a Romanesque arched window made of lung stone in the western yoke and two windows with a straight lintel in the other yokes (one made of different parts of the garment) as well as by a Romanesque arched window made of lung stone in the western south yoke and by three Asymmetrical pointed arch windows with tracery in the other two south bays exposed.

Furnishing

Sacrament niche
View into the main choir
Late Gothic crucifix (torso)

The low vaults in the nave are painted with tendrils from the 17th or 18th century. In the southern side choir, the “Marienkapelle”, remains of wall paintings from the 15th century have been preserved. Originally, almost all of the wall surfaces were painted with a picture program. The east wall has a crenellated sacrament niche made of sandstone with a keel arch and tracery ornaments. Above this, the Annunciation has a prominent place. Distributed on the walls is a cycle of the fourteen helpers in need with tendrils. On the right of the niche, St. Catherine with the sword, Margareta as the dragon slayer and Barbara are painted, on the left of the niche St. George with other figures. Saints Dorothea and Apollonia are depicted in the window niche. The three saints on the north wall have not yet been clearly identified. The evangelist symbols can be seen between tendrils on the vaulted caps. The keystone is surrounded by a halo and is covered with a branch with four leaves. According to the restorer Bernd Beierlein, this symbolizes the tree of life and the four streams of paradise.

The polygonal pulpit from the 16th century on the northeast pillar of the central nave is made of stone. The pulpit fields have fluted profiles. In the main choir is the altar, a simple slab of red sandstone over a cube-shaped base. The south wall of the main choir has a niche for the former three-seat Levite chair . The altar cross was donated in 1999.

A wooden crucifix from around 1400, which was kept in Laubach Castle for a long time, was returned to the parish by Count Karl Georg zu Solms-Laubach in 2003. The separately made arms of the cross and body have been lost. The crucifix in a slightly S-posture has been changed in color by a second version . It contains two small reliquary packages with bone fragments of St. Burkard and Mary Magdalene . In 2006, the Gothic work of art returned to the Münster church after two years of restoration by Barbara Dietz. The type and time of origin suggest an assignment to the type of mystic and plague crosses . It was attached to the north wall of the baptistery behind a safety glass plate.

A large round Romanesque font from the first half of the 13th century is placed in the side choir. It served as a water trough in the stone mill for a long time before it was installed in the tower room in the early 1960s and again in the baptistery in the south side choir in 1963/1964. A sacrificial niche is set in the south wall, which allowed a throw-in from the outside and originally had an iron lattice door and was protected by a canopy. In 1963, the slot was plastered from the outside. The inscription on the high rectangular grave slab made of red sandstone on the north wall of the tower reminds of the pastor Jakob Zöckler, who worked in Münster from 1645 to 1667. The upright rectangular grave slab on the south side is also made of red sandstone and dates from the 18th century. The upper part is broken off, but still reveals the cross in the middle, in Baroque style, on both sides of which the male and female family members are depicted.

Since 1963 a new church stalls have been replaced. The lighting fixtures and the electric bench heating also come from this year.

organ

Organ from 1901

In 1691/92 the community bought a new organ . The organ staircase and the stage have been preserved from this period. Repairs were carried out in 1784, 1872, 1878 and 1891. The Lich organ building company Förster & Nicolaus built today's small organ in 1901 as one of their first works. Apart from a small change in the disposition, the original condition has largely been preserved including the original prospect pipe . The tin pipes did not have to be delivered during World War II. The instrument has six registers on a manual and pedal and pneumatic cone chests . Renovation took place in 1990 and thorough renovation in 2013. The disposition is as follows:

I main work C – f 3
Principal 8th'
Dumped 8th'
octave 4 ′
Fifth 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
octave 2 ′
Pedal C – f 1
Sub-bass 16 ′

literature

  • Georg Dehio : Handbook of German art monuments , Hessen I. Administrative districts of Giessen and Kassel. Edited by Folkhard Cremer, Tobias Michael Wolf and others. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich a. a. 2008, ISBN 978-3-422-03092-3 , p. 667.
  • Wilhelm Diehl : Construction book for the Protestant parishes of the sovereign lands and the acquired areas of Darmstadt (= Hassia sacra. Volume 8 ). Self-published, Darmstadt 1935, p. 211 f.
  • Evangelical parish of Münster: 700 years of the church in Münster. Festschrift for the anniversary in 2016. Laubach-Münster 2016.
  • State Office for the Preservation of Monuments Hesse (ed.); Karlheinz Lang (Red.): Cultural monuments in Hesse. District of Giessen I. Hungen, Laubach, Lich, Reiskirchen (= monument topography Federal Republic of Germany ). Theiss, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-8062-2177-0 , p. 332 f.
  • Hartmut Miethe, Heinz-Gerhard Schuette: Gothic paintings . Ed .: Förderkreis Kunst-Mensch-Kirche (=  Christian art in Upper Hesse . Volume 1 ). Grünberg 2010.
  • Heinz P. Probst: Early village churches in Hessen. A contribution to the formation and archeology of medieval small churches. In: Communications of the Upper Hessian History Association. NF Volume 89, 2004, pp. 213-260.
  • Heinz P. Probst: Churches and sacred monuments in Laubach and the former county of Solms-Laubach. With an introduction to the history of style, church building and a glossary. Local history study group Laubach, Laubach 2004.
  • Karl-Otto Unruh: The three-aisled late Gothic church in Münster. In: Laubacher Hefte 7 . Local history study group Laubach, Laubach 1989, pp. 66–75.
  • Heinrich Walbe : The art monuments of the Gießen district. Vol. 3. Southern part . Hessisches Denkmalarchiv, Darmstadt 1933, pp. 302–306.
  • Trautel Wellenkötter: Laubach. History and present. T. Wellenkötter, Laubach 2004.
  • Peter Weyrauch : The churches of the old district of Giessen. Mittelhessische Druck- und Verlagsgesellschaft, Gießen 1979, p. 130 f.

Web links

Commons : Evangelische Kirche Münster  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b balance: the three-aisled late Gothic church in Münster. 1989, p. 68.
  2. ↑ a b c State Office for the Preservation of Monuments in Hesse (ed.), Lang (ed.): Cultural monuments in Hesse. District of Giessen I. 2008, p. 333.
  3. ↑ Münster. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on April 18, 2020 .
  4. ^ Gerhard Kleinfeldt, Hans Weirich: The medieval church organization in the Upper Hessian-Nassau area (= writings of the Institute for historical regional studies of Hesse and Nassau 16 ). NG Elwert, Marburg 1937, ND 1984, p. 58.
  5. ^ Diehl: Construction book for the Protestant parishes. 1935, p. 211.
  6. ^ A b Probst: Early village churches in Hessen. 2004, p. 255.
  7. ^ Diehl: Construction book for the Protestant parishes. 1935, p. 212.
  8. ↑ Evangelical parish of Münster: 700 years of the church in Münster. 2016, p. 20.
  9. ↑ a b Weyrauch: The churches of the old district of Gießen. 1979, p. 131.
  10. ↑ a b balance: the three-aisled late Gothic church in Münster. 1989, p. 71.
  11. ↑ Evangelical parish of Münster: 700 years of the church in Münster. 2016, p. 22.
  12. ^ Official Journal of the Evangelical Church in Hesse and Nassau from January 1, 2013, p. 70: Münster, Ober-Bessingen, Röthges and Wetterfeld , accessed on April 18, 2020 (PDF).
  13. ↑ a b balance: the three-aisled late Gothic church in Münster. 1989, p. 74.
  14. ↑ Evangelical parish of Münster: 700 years of the church in Münster. 2016, p. 19.
  15. ↑ Walbe: The art monuments of the district of Giessen. 1933, p. 305.
  16. ↑ Robert Schäfer: Hessian bell inscriptions (PDF file; 37.7 MB). In: Archives for Hessian history and antiquity. 15, 1884, pp. 475-544, here: p. 531.
  17. ↑ Balance: The three-aisled late Gothic church in Münster. 1989, p. 73.
  18. ↑ a b c balance: the three-aisled late Gothic church in Münster. 1989, p. 72.
  19. ↑ Evangelical parish of Münster: 700 years of the church in Münster. 2016, p. 18.
  20. ^ Weyrauch: The churches of the old district Gießen. 1979, p. 130 f.
  21. ↑ Evangelical parish of Münster: 700 years of the church in Münster. 2016, p. 35.
  22. ↑ Walbe: The art monuments of the district of Giessen. 1933, p. 304.
  23. ↑ Balance: The three-aisled late Gothic church in Münster. 1989, p. 67.
  24. ↑ Walbe: The art monuments of the district of Giessen. 1933, p. 302 f.
  25. ↑ Balance: The three-aisled late Gothic church in Münster. 1989, pp. 68–69, it dates from around 1400.
  26. ^ Miethe, Schuette: Gothic paintings. 2010, [p. 64-65].
  27. ^ Dehio: Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler, Hessen I. 2008, p. 667.
  28. ^ Miethe, Schuette: Gothic paintings. 2010, [p. 65].
  29. ↑ Wellenkötter: Laubach. History and present. 2004, p. 117.
  30. ↑ See the report of the restorer: Barbara Dietz: The return of a work of art. In: Hessian homeland. No. 20 of September 30, 2006, pp. 77-79.
  31. ↑ Walbe: The art monuments of the district of Giessen. 1933, p. 306.
  32. ↑ Balance: The three-aisled late Gothic church in Münster. 1989, pp. 72-73.
  33. ^ Franz Bösken , Hermann Fischer : Sources and research on the organ history of the Middle Rhine. Vol. 3: Former province of Upper Hesse (=  contributions to the Middle Rhine music history 29.1 . Part 2 (M – Z)). Schott, Mainz 1988, ISBN 3-7957-1331-5 , p. 649 .

Coordinates: 50 ° 33 ′ 9.4 ″  N , 8 ° 55 ′ 12.7 ″  E