Field rose

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Field rose
Rosa arvensis (Liege-Rose) IMG 24814.JPG

Field rose ( rosa arvensis )

Systematics
Order : Rose-like (rosales)
Family : Rose family (Rosaceae)
Subfamily : Rosoideae
Genre : Roses ( pink )
Subgenus : pink
Type : Field rose
Scientific name
Rosa arvensis
Huds.

The field rose ( Rosa arvensis ), also arable Rose , Vine Rose, Wild Rose, Large Dog-Rose, Dog spike or Creeping Rose called, is a plant of the genus roses ( Rosa ) within the family of the rose family (Rosaceae ). However, it must not be confused with Rosa agrestis , which is also known as the field rose or field rose.

description

Prickly branch and pinnate foliage with stipules
Radially symmetrical flower with five white petals and many stamens
rose hip
Illustration from storm

The field rose grows up to 1 meter high, prostrate, often several meters creeping or a climbing shrub . As a spreading climber , it can form a veil over the rest of the vegetation. The twigs stay green for a long time, the twigs lying on the ground take root. The abundant spines are quite small and hook-shaped.

The alternately arranged leaves are 7 to 10 centimeters long and unpaired pinnate with rarely three, usually five or seven leaflets. These thin leaflets are 1 to 3 centimeters long and elliptical to ovate with a pointed or blunt upper end and are simply serrated. The upper side of the leaflets is deep green and shiny and the underside is hardly lighter; they are hairy on both sides bald or slightly lying flat.

The flowering period extends from June to July. The flowers are usually singly or in twos or threes together. Bracts are missing. The fragrant and hermaphrodite flowers are 2.5 to 5 centimeters in diameter and have radial symmetry and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The sepals are pinnate, turned back after flowering and lapsed. The five petals are pure white. There are many stamens present. The stylus are fused into a 3 millimeter long column.

The brown-red rose hips when ripe are egg-shaped and small or spherical and relatively large, depending on the tanning conditions.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 14.

ecology

From an ecological point of view, these are homogeneous pollen disc flowers. The pollination is effected by insects ; The discus and stylus column serve as the approach point and thus cross- pollination is achieved; if this fails, spontaneous self-pollination occurs .

The rose hips are sapless and poor in vitamins ; the spread of diasporas done endozoochor .

The leaves serve as caterpillar food and building material for wild bees - brood cells . The pollen is food for beetles and wild bees. Birds and mammals eat the rose hips.

Occurrence

The field rose is originally common in southern and central Europe. The field rose is often found in light, herbaceous oak and hornbeam forests, rarely in beech forests or in mixed coniferous forests, on the edges of paths or forests, in forest clearings. It prefers sunny to partially shaded locations on fresh clay soils . It is frost hardy to −23 ° C ( USDA zone 6 ). In mountains with silicate rock it is rare or absent. In the Alpine region , it inhabits altitudes of up to 1400 meters. For example, it occurs in the Allgäu Alps in Bavaria between the Jochschrofen and the Krähenwand at 1,300 m above sea level.

The field rose thrives best on loose, often stony, humus or muddy loam or clay soils . It settles in clear forest areas or forest edges; it prefers locations in penumbra here. Contrary to the designation field rose or field rose, the plants are not found in fields in Central Europe.

According to Ellenberg , it is a penumbral plant, a moderate heat pointer, distributed oceanically, a freshness pointer, a weak acid to weak base pointer, indicating moderately nitrogen-rich locations. The field rose is an association characteristic of the oak-hornbeam forests (Carpinion betuli), but also occurs in societies of the sub-association Cephalanthero-Fagenion, in the Aceri-Tilietum from the Tilio-Acerion association or in the Hedero-Rosetum arvensis from the Berberidion association.

Systematics

She first published Rosa arvensis in 1762 by William Hudson . Synonyms for Rosa arvensis Huds. are: Rosa arvensis var. atrata (H.Christ) Boulenger , Rosa arvensis var. ayreshirea Ser. , Rosa arvensis var. Blanda hort. ex Andrews , Rosa arvensis var. complicata R.Keller , Rosa arvensis var. grandidentata Rouy , Rosa arvensis var. intercedens R.Keller , Rosa arvensis var. laevipes Rouy , Rosa arvensis var. major H.J. Coste , Rosa arvensis var. ovata Desv. , Rosa arvensis var. Pilifolia (Borbás) R.Keller , Rosa arvensis var. Repens Scop. ex Chevall. , Rosa arvensis subsp. repens (Scop. ex Chevall.) C. Vicioso , Rosa arvensis var. scandens Sweet , Rosa arvensis var. typica R. Keller , Rosa arvensis var. vulgaris Ser. , Rosa baldensis core. ex Desegl. , Rosa bibracteata auct., Rosa brippii Gand. , Rosa capreolata Neill ex D. Don , Rosa commiserata Gand. , Rosa dierbachiana Waitz ex Dierb. , Rosa erronea Ripart ex Crep. , Rosa fastigiata Salisb. , Rosa glauca Dierb. , Rosa halleri croquet. , Rosa herporhodon Ehrh. , Rosa macrostylis Stokes , Rosa media B.-A. Martin , Rosa ovata (Desv.) Lej. , Rosa phalacropoda Gand. , Rosa repens Scop. , Rosa repens var. Ovata Lej. , Pink reptans crep. ex Bout. , Rosa rothii Seidl , Pink scandens Moench , Pink scandens var. Ovata (Desv.) Wallr. , Rosa sempervirens subsp. arvensis (Huds.) Malag. , Rosa seperina Sauze & Maillard , Rosa serpens Wibel , Rosa sylvestris Herrm. , Rosa sylvestris var. Ovata (Desv.) Heinr.Braun , Rosa sylvestris var. Repens (Scop. Ex Chevall.) Heinr.Braun , Rosa sylvestris var. Rothii (Seidl) Heinr.Braun .

Rosa arvensis belongs to the section Synstylae from the subgenus Rosa within the genus Rosa .

use

Field rose varieties can be used in temperate areas in parks and gardens along walls and fences, on trellises or in larger planters .

breeding

From the wild rose Rosa arvensis the Ayrshire rose , with double, white or light red flowers and the rambler rose was bred. There are also hybrids of Rosa arvensis with the cluster rose ( Rosa multiflora ) and Rosa setigera .

swell

literature

  • Heinrich Schultheis: Roses: the best types and varieties for the garden. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1996, ISBN 3-8001-6601-1 .
  • Royal Horticultural Society (ed.), Charles Quest-Ritson, Brigid Quest-Ritson (translation by Susanne Bonn): Roses: the great encyclopedia. Dorling Kindersley, Starnberg 2004, ISBN 3-8310-0590-7 , p. 41.
  • Margot Spohn, Marianne Golte-Bechtle: What is blooming there? The encyclopedia: over 1000 flowering plants from Central Europe. Kosmos, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-10326-9 .
  • Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen. Interactive flora of Germany. Seeing - determining - knowing. The key to the flora . CD-ROM, version 2.0. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2004, ISBN 3-494-01368-3 .

Individual evidence

  1. Creeping Rose. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. a b c d Andreas Roloff , Andreas Bärtels: Flora of the woods: Determination, properties and use. 4th edition, Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim), 2014, ISBN 978-3-8001-8246-6 .
  3. a b c d e f Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  566 .
  4. a b c d Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe. Volume 2, 2nd revised edition. Franckh Kosmos Verlag, 2000, ISBN 3-440-08048-X .
  5. a b c d Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi (ed.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg. Volume 2: Special part (Spermatophyta, subclass Dilleniidae): Hypericaceae to Primulaceae. 2nd expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1993, ISBN 3-8001-3323-7 .
  6. Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , pp. 50-51.
  7. Heinz Ellenberg : Vegetation of Central Europe with the Alps in an ecological, dynamic and historical perspective (=  UTB for science. Large series . Volume  8104 ). 5th, heavily changed and improved edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1996, ISBN 3-8252-8104-3 .

Web links

Commons : Field Rose ( Rosa arvensis )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files