Fourni (Aegean Sea)
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Municipality of Fourni Korseon Δήμος Φούρνων Κορσεών |
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| Basic data | |||
| State : |
 Greece
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| Region : | North Aegean | ||
| Regional District : | Ikaria | ||
| Geographic coordinates : | 37 ° 35 ' N , 26 ° 29' E | ||
| Area : | 45.247 km² | ||
| Residents : | 1,459 (2011) | ||
| Population density : | 32.2 inhabitants / km² | ||
| Seat: | Fourni | ||
| LAU-1 code no .: | 5402 | ||
| Districts : | no | ||
| Local self-government : | no | ||
| Location in the North Aegean region | |||
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The Greek archipelago Fourni ( Greek Φούρνοι ( m. Pl. )) Forms the municipality Fourni Korseon (Δήμος Φούρνων Κορσεών) and together with the municipality Ikaria the regional district Ikaria in the North Aegean region . Fourni means " oven " (singular Fournos Φούρνος); the ancient name of the islands was Korasiai nēsoi Κοράσιαι νήσοι, from which the second name of the group, Korsees (Κορσέες) is derived. Of the islands in the municipality, only the main island Fourni (Φούρνοι) and the western island Thymena and the eastern island Agios Minas are inhabited, the numerous archipelago-like islands are uninhabited.
geography
location
The archipelago is located in the eastern Aegean, south between Samos and Ikaria . The shortest connection from the main island of Fourni to Samos is about 6.5 km, from Thymena to Ikaria about 9 km. Patmos is 17 km south. The north-south extension of the archipelago is 17 km and almost 16 km in a west-east direction. The total area is 45.247 km².
The centrally located 30.5 km² main island consists of two almost equal parts, each about 9 km in length. The maximum extent from north to south is 14.5 km. Due to the highly indented coastline with numerous small bays, the width varies from less than 300 m to a maximum of 3.5 km in the north of the northeastern part of the island. Here is also the Korakas (Κόρακας) with 514 m, the highest mountain on the island. The main town of Fourni with about 1000 inhabitants is located in the west of the island at the port bay Ormos Fournon (Όρμος Φούρνων). The next larger settlement Chrysomilia (Χρυσομιλιά) has almost 100 inhabitants (2001). Around 200 people still live in small settlements spread across the island. The population has remained constant since the Second World War .
nature
The main islands have a hilly to mountainous character. Despite the small island area, Fourni has a coastline of 126 km. The coastline is strongly indented, steep coasts interspersed with grottos alternate with rocky coasts and deep bays with sand and pebble beaches. Phrygana stocks with Genista acanthoclada , Centaurea spinosa and Sarcopoterium spinosum as well as low maquis with Pistacia lentiscus and Juniperus phoenicea determine the vegetation on Fourni. In the north, wall hedges are mainly planted with carob trees ( Ceratonia siliqua ) and real bearberries ( Arctostaphylos uva-ursi ). The erosion problems caused by the logging in the interwar period and the persistent grazing threaten the destruction of this typical landscape.
fauna
The reptile fauna of the archipelago is poor in species compared to the neighboring islands of Ikaria and Samos. It consists of seven species, six of which are found on the main island of Fourni and five on Thymena. Most frequently represented and can be found on six islands is the widespread Aegean naked fingers ( Mediodactylus kotschyi ), the European half-finger ( Hemidactylus turcicus turcicus ) is known only by the two main islands. The headband dwarf snake ( Eirenis modestus ) and the snake- eye lizard Ophisops elegans are typical reptile representatives of the eastern Aegean and the Dodecanese , the latter species is absent on Fourni. Other species are the hardun ( Laudakia stellio ), the locust lizard ( Ablepharus kitaibelii ) and the Balkan jumping snake ( Coluber caspius ). With the exception of Ablepharus kitaibelii , which occurs most frequently in the Phrygana , the strongest populations of the remaining species can be found in the maquis or its degraded form.
On the islands live permanently Bonelli's eagle , peregrine falcon and shag as breeding birds are buzzard , short-toed eagle , Eleonora's Falcon , Lesser Kestrel , petrel , Audouin , Cory's shearwaters and the gray shrike known.
The endemic Assel Schizidium paragamiani is as critically endangered on the Red List of Greece - classified (CR Critically Endangered).
Administration and community
Since 1918 the place Fourni together with Chrysomilia and the neighboring island Fymena formed the rural community Fourni Korseon (Κοινότητα Φούρνων Κορσεών) with seat in Fourni. The island of Agios Minas was attached to the municipality in 1940, at the same time Chrysomilia was renamed Chrysomilea and the neighboring island of Fymena was renamed Thymena. The other hamlets and settlements were recognized in 1981. The rural community Fourni Korseon (Κοινότητα Φούρνων Κορσεών) was elevated to the municipality of Fourni (Δήμος Φούρνων) in 1994 . With the municipality reform according to the Kapodistrias program in 1997, the municipality got its current name Dimos Fournon Korseon (Δήμος Φούρνων Κορσεών), through the incorporation of the surrounding islands in 2001, its current expansion. Since the implementation of the administrative reform in 2010 , the municipality of Fourni and the municipality of Ikaria have formed the Ikaria regional district ( Periferiaki Enotita Ikarias Περιφερειακή Ενότητα Ικαρίας).
According to the 2011 census, the community had 1459 inhabitants, 1120 of them in the main town of Fourni.
- Fourni (Φούρνοι ( m. Pl. ), 1120)
- Agios Ioannis Thermastis (Άγιος Ιωάννης Θερμαστής ( m. Sg. ), 1)
- Agios Minas (Άγιος Μηνάς ( m. Sg. ), 3)
- Dafnolies (Δαφνολιές ( m. Pl. ), 2)
- Thymena (Θύμαινα ( f. Sg. ), 136)
- Kamari (Καμάρι ( n. Sg. ), 14)
- Kambi Fournon (Καμπί Φούρνων ( n. Sg. ), 15)
- Kambi Chrysomileas (Καμπί Χρυσομηλέας ( n. Sg. ), 50)
- Keramidou (Κεραμειδού ( f. Sg. ), 7)
- Bali (Μπαλί ( n. Sg. ), 6)
- Plagia (Πλαγιά ( f. Sg. ), 1)
- Chrysomilea (Χρυσομηλέα ( f. Sg. ), 104)
Name and location of the individual islands
| Surname | Greek name | Area km² | location |
|---|---|---|---|
| Katergakia (two rocks) | Κατεργάκια | 0.001 and 0.004 | 37 ° 35 ′ 26 " N , 26 ° 24 ′ 36" E |
| Thymenaki (Thymenonisi) | Θυμαινάκι (Θυμαινονήσι) | 0.412 | 37 ° 36 ′ 7 ″ N , 26 ° 25 ′ 40 ″ E |
| Thymena | Θύμαινα | 10,071 | 37 ° 35 ′ 6 ″ N , 26 ° 26 ′ 2 ″ E |
| Korniachti (Monos) | Κορνιαχτή (Μόνος) | 0.006 | 37 ° 33 '10 " N , 26 ° 28' 49" E |
| Limenopetra (Petalo) one larger and four smaller rocks |
Λιμενοπέτρα? (Πέταλο) | 0.006 | 37 ° 33 '43 " N , 26 ° 26' 58" E |
| Kisiria (Kesiria, Diapori) | Κισηριά (Κεσιριά, Διάποροι) | 0.662 | 37 ° 34 '15 " N , 26 ° 27' 59" E |
| Alatonisi (Alatsonisi, Alafonisi) |
Αλατονήσι (Αλατσονήσι, Αλαφονήσι) |
0.298 | 37 ° 31 ′ 56 " N , 26 ° 25 ′ 0" E |
| Stridi | Στρείδι | 0.002 | 37 ° 37 ′ 33 " N , 26 ° 29 ′ 45" E |
| Petrokavaro (Achinos) | Πετροκάραβο (Αχινός) | 0.001 | 37 ° 36 ′ 20 " N , 26 ° 28 ′ 17" E |
| Nameless rock | 0.001 | 37 ° 36 '14.3 " N , 26 ° 28' 24.3" E | |
| Xera (Zargani) - several small rocks | Ξέρα (Ζαργάνι) | <0.001 | 37 ° 35 ′ 11 " N , 26 ° 28 ′ 21" E |
| Fourni | Φούρνοι | 30,500 | 37 ° 35 ′ 16 " N , 26 ° 30 ′ 27" E |
| Agios Minas | Άγιος Μηνάς | 2,343 | 37 ° 35 '54 " N , 26 ° 33' 12" E |
| Mikros Agios Minas (Xera Agiou Mina) |
Μικρός Άγιος Μηνάς (Ξέρα Αγίου Μήνα) |
0.021 | 37 ° 35 ′ 6 " N , 26 ° 32 ′ 33" E |
| Strongylo | Στρογγυλό | 0.057 | 37 ° 31 '25 " N , 26 ° 29' 42" E |
| Plaka (Platy, Ploty) | Πλάκα (Πλατύ, Πλωτύ) | 0.05 | 37 ° 31 ′ 1 ″ N , 26 ° 29 ′ 17 ″ E |
| Plakaki (Xera Plakaki) | Πλακάκι (Ξέρα Πλακάκι) | 0.003 | 37 ° 30 ′ 46 ″ N , 26 ° 29 ′ 15 ″ E |
| Makronisi (Makry) | Μακρονήσι (Μακρύ) | 0.647 | 37 ° 30 '39 " N , 26 ° 29' 48" E |
| Prasonisi (Prasonikaki, Agridio) |
Πρασονήσι (Πρασονησάκι, Αγριδιό) |
0.01 | 37 ° 31 '27 " N , 26 ° 30' 46" E |
| Megalos anthropofagos ((Megalos) Anthropofas, Anthro) |
Μεγάλος Ανθρωποφάγος ((Μεγάλος) Ανθρωποφάς, Ανθρώ) |
0.545 | 37 ° 30 '59 " N , 26 ° 32' 29" E |
| Mikros Anthropofagos (Mikros Anthropofas, Kedro) |
Μικρός Ανθρωποφάγος (Μικρός Ανθρωποφάς, Κεδρό) |
0.056 | 37 ° 31 '46 " N , 26 ° 32' 46" E |
| Chiva | Χίβα | 0.001 | |
| Xera | Ξέρα | 0.008 |
history
The remains of a Cyclops wall have been found north of today's Fourni . On the nearby mountain Agios Georgios there are remains of an acropolis and a temple, which was probably dedicated to Hermes. Further remains of temples at Kamari and at Agia Triada Chrysomilias suggest an important ancient settlement.
Probably the first inhabitants of the island were Ionians from Miletus . Several marble quarries supplied the Ionian cities, especially Miletus, with building materials. Ancient sources report that the Polykrates fleet wintered here. The philosopher Porphyrios of Tire mentions the island in the 3rd century AD as Corseas. The Venetian geographer Benedetto Bordone mentions them in 1537 as Fornelli (small kilns). The names Melanthi, Fortiole and Koursoi have come down to us from Ottoman maps. From the Byzantine times to the Middle Ages, the islands served pirates as hiding places, as the coastlines are very rugged and unmanageable. In 1770, six monks from Patmos near Koumara built the chapel of the Virgin Evangelistria. Later people from the Dodecanese settled there . After the Greek Revolution , the islands were given to a seafarer from Patmos to aid the Ottoman fleet. An Ottoman base was established for provincial administration in 1864. On August 14th, July / August 27, 1912 greg. the islands were incorporated into the Free State of Ikaria . After Greek troops 4th November Jul. / November 17, 1912 greg. occupied the Free State, the official union with Greece was on June 24th jul. / July 7, 1913 greg. completed.
In 2015, over 20 shipwrecks were discovered on the sea floor off Fourni. By October 2018 the number rose to 58. Most of the shipwrecks date from the Greek, Roman or Byzantine times.
traffic
Fourni can only be reached by ferry. After Piraeus there are three weekly connection via the Cyclades islands Mykonos , Paros and Syros . Otherwise Fourni can be reached via Samos or Ikaria. In addition, flying dolphins operate from Samos ( Pythagorio ), Ikaria ( Agios Kirykos ), Patmos and Lipsi in summer . There are several daily connections between the main island and Thymena. The approx. 13 km long road to Chrysomilia was expanded in 2008 for a planned 5.5 million euros. The EU contributes 75% of the costs. There is a helicopter landing pad above the village.
economy
Much of the population works in the modern fishing fleet, one of the largest in Greece. Another line of business is keeping sheep and goats. In addition, beekeeping has been practiced to a greater extent in recent years. Agriculture is now meaningless.
In recent years, individual tourism has gained in importance in the summer months.
View from Fourni to the west with Kisiria and Thymena
Port of the village of Fourni
View from Fourni to the east with Agios Minas and Mikros Agios Minas
Web links
- Web presence of the municipality of Fourni Korseon
- General information about Fourni, Greek
- General information about Agios Minas, Greek
- General information about Thymena, Greek
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Results of the 2011 census, Greek Statistical Office (ΕΛ.ΣΤΑΤ) ( Memento from June 27, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) (Excel document, 2.6 MB)
- ↑ Ελληνική Στατιστική Αρχή [ΕΛΣΤΑΤ] (Ed.): Στατιστική Επετηρίδα της Ελλάδος (Statistical Yearbook of Greece) 2009 & 2010 . Piraeus 2011, p. 47 .
- ^ Map 209, Ikaria / Fourni, 1: 50,000 . Road Editions, ISBN 960-8189-48-9 .
- ^ Map NA 6, Samos - Ikaria, 1: 70,000 . Z-Editions, ISBN 960-6693-12-0 .
- ↑ Data sheet GR4120006 p. 8
- ↑ Maria Dimaki, Anastasios Legakis: The reptile fauna of the Fourni Archipelago (Eastern Aegean, Greece) . In: Herpetozoa . tape 12 , no. (3/4) . Vienna 1999, p. 129-133 .
- ↑ Helmut Schmallfuss: The terrestrial isopods (Isopoda: Oniscidea) of Greece . 21st contribution: Genus Schizidium (Armadillidiidae). In: State Museum for Natural History, Stuttgart (Hrsg.): Stuttgart contributions to natural history . No. 681 , 2005, ISSN 0341-0145 , p. 1–38 ( naturkundemuseum-bw.de [PDF]).
- ↑ Α. Λεγάκις, Π. Μαραγκού: Το Κόκκινο Βιβλίο των Απειλούμενων Ζώων της Ελλάδας (Greece's Red List of Endangered Animals) . Ed .: Ελληνική Ζωολογική Εταιρεία [Greek Zoological Society], Υπουργείο Περιβάλλοντος, Ενέργειας κ.λλ.Πλλγ.ΠΠλλγ.Πατλκής [ΑΚγγς [ΑΚγς [ΚΚγ] - Ministry of the Environment, Energy and Climate Change]. Athens 2009, ISBN 978-960-85298-8-5 , Ασπόνδυλα (invertebrates), p. 459 .
- ↑ Spiegel.de: 58 shipwrecks discovered in the Aegean Sea , accessed on October 11, 2018.