Franziska von Corvin-Krasińska

Franziska von Sachsen was a redirect to this article. For further meanings see Franziska Sibylla Augusta von Sachsen-Lauenburg .

Franziska von Corvin-Krasińska

Franziska von Corvin-Krasińska (born March 19, 1742 in Maleszowa ; † April 30, 1796 in Dresden ), Franziska Krasińska for short , was a Polish-Electoral Saxon noblewoman and wife of Prince Karl Christian of Saxony and Poland , Duke of Courland and Semgallia ( 1733-1796). As the daughter of Stanislaus von Corvin-Krasiński, she came from the Polish aristocratic family of the Krasiński , one of the most influential magnate families in Poland.

Life

Franziska von Corvin-Krasińska was born in Maleszowa in today's Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship in 1742 as the daughter of the Polish nobleman Stanisław Corvin-Krasiński and his wife Aniela Humiecka. She enjoyed her upbringing and education in her native Maleszowa, where she grew up in her father's castle and later in Warsaw . Here she was given to a girls' boarding school .

Introduced into the society of the Polish aristocracy by her aunt Sofia Lubomirska , she finally met Prince Karl of Saxony on January 1, 1760, who proposed marriage to her the following spring and whom she proposed to her on November 4 of the same year Warsaw secretly married in the absence of families. This marriage was considered improper and morganatic , as Franziska Krasińska belonged to a lower nobility than Charles of Saxony and who at that time was also Duke of Courland and Zemgale (1758–1763). The Electoral Saxon court therefore tried temporarily to have this marriage dissolved again, which ultimately remained unsuccessful.

After the death of his father August III. In 1763, Charles of Saxony strove for many years, supported by his wife and the Krasiński family, to succeed him on the Polish throne. In 1768 the confederation of the same name was founded in Bar (now part of Ukraine ). It was directed mainly against the new King Stanisław August Poniatowski, who was promoted to office with great support from Catherine the Great . The Confederation of Bar is considered to be the first Polish national uprising to this day. Very active politically at the time, Franziska Krasińska tried to influence this with the help of her family. One of the founders of this confederation, Bishop Adam Stanisław Krasiński , was her uncle. The result of these efforts was that Karl von Sachsen in the meantime in November 1771 advanced to the royal candidate of the Confederation of Bar . In the end, he did not become King of Poland. The Confederation was defeated a year later by the Imperial Russian Army with great losses. In the following period Poland was divided .

Since the marriage was not recognized by the Saxon court, Franziska Krasińska probably initially lived mainly in Poland. It was not until thirteen years after their marriage in 1776 that the marriage was officially recognized by the Polish Sejm , which ensured that both of them had an adequate, adequate income with the pension now also approved by the Polish state. The previous year Franziska Krasinska was Emperor Joseph II. To Empire Princess appointed. This also spared their descendants a reduction in class.

In that year, Charles of Saxony was finally able to bring his wife to Saxony. As early as 1774 he had acquired the Kurländer Palais in Dresden, which was later named after him . Since his wife was still not welcomed at the Dresden court, they were given the Elsterwerda Castle in the north of Saxony as their place of residence, where she now mainly stayed. It served Karl himself as a summer residence . Due to its location, the castle was an excellent starting point for extensive hunts in the surrounding forests, such as the Liebenwerdaer and Annaburger Heide as well as in Schraden, which is directly adjacent to the castle .

At the age of 37, she became a mother with the birth of her daughter Maria Christina von Sachsen in 1779. It was to remain their only child. Franziska Krasińska spent the rest of her life in Elsterwerda. In April 1796 she died of breast cancer after suffering for two years . A few months later, Karl von Sachsen also died. Both were buried in the Catholic monastery of St. Marienstern near Panschwitz-Kuckau .

and display information about the image

The 18th century Elsterschloss on the Schwarzen Elster in Elsterwerda .

progeny

Franziska Krasińska with her husband Karl von Kurland and daughter Maria Christina

Through Franziska's appointment as imperial princess, her descendants were spared a reduction in status and their only child, Maria Christina, was later able to be appropriately married to Italy .

With Maria Christina's marriage to the Prince of Carignan Karl Emanuel Ferdinand of Savoy (1770–1800) one year after the death of her parents, Franziska Krasińska ultimately became the ancestor of the last Italian kings. Maria Christina's son Karl Albert became Prince of Carignan at the age of two after the early death of his father . Until he came of age, however, he was still under the tutelage of his mother. In 1831, Charles Albert finally became King of Sardinia .

His son Viktor Emanuel (1820–1878) took over the reign of the newly formed Kingdom of Italy in 1861 , which was to last until 1946. Viktor Emanuel was married to Adelheid von Österreich (1822-1856), also a great-granddaughter of Franziska Krasińskas.

Afterlife

The Polish writer Klementyna Hoffmanowa dealt with the life of Franziska Krasińska as early as the beginning of the 19th century . In 1825 she published the diary of Franciszka Krasińska , which was translated into several languages.

Krasińska's extraordinary beauty was legendary. In the ballad The Daughter of the Sun by the poet and writer Richard Dehmel (1863–1920), which he once dedicated to Poland, Franziska Krasińska became the tragic main figure as Miss Sandomir .

Several Polish historians are now researching the family history of the Krasińskis, which has also brought Franziska Krasińska into focus. In order to determine the historical status of the Krasińska, their life and political activities, especially during the Confederation of Bar , were the subject of further research.

In Elsterwerda, now part of Brandenburg , where she spent more than twenty years of her life, members of the local Heimatverein have been looking for traces of this personality for several years, which means that there is intensive contact with Poland. As a result, there have already been several research trips to Poland and publications in the regional press as well as in the local calendar for the region between the Elbe and Elster, published by the Bad Liebenwerda working group for local history.

literature

• Klementyna Hoffmanowa : Dziennik Franciszki Krasińskiej w ostatnich latach panowania Augusta III pisany (Diary of Franciszka Krasińska, written during the last reign of King August III) . The work was published in Polish in 1825 and was later translated into several languages ​​(including English and German).
• Maleszow Castle and its residents. Narrative. In: Sibylle. (= Entertainment sheet for the Würzburger Journal ). 1862.
• Pulaski: From the life of a Courland princess. Historical sketch . 1890. (Polish)
• Gustav Bekker: Franziska Krasinska-Wettin. In: Home calendar for the country between Elbe and Elster 2014/2015. 2015, p. 58.

Web links

Commons : Franciszka Krasińska  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ↑ The Kurländer Palais. ( Memento of the original from January 11, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. neumarkt-dresden.de; Retrieved January 19, 2016.  
2. ↑ ^{a b c d} Gustav Bekker: Franziska Krasinska-Wettin. In: Home calendar for the country between Elbe and Elster 2014/2015. 2015, p. 58.
3. ↑ On the history of the Saxon court and country under Friedrich August III. In: Karl von Weber (ed.): Archives for the Saxon history . tape 8 . Dresden 1870, p. 19 .
4. ^ Heinz-Dieter Heimann, Klaus Neitmann, Uwe Tresp (eds.): The Lower and Upper Lusatia - Contours of an integration landscape . tape II . Lukas Verlag, 2014, ISBN 978-3-86732-161-7 , pp. 188 .
5. ↑ Johannes R. Becher : Collected works . tape 15 . Aufbau-Verlag, 1977, p. 690 .
6. ↑ Gabriela Matuszek: The brilliant Pole? Igel Verlag, 1996, ISBN 3-89621-014-9 , p. 133 .
7. ↑ ^{a b} Jürgen Weser: Franziszka Krasinska exemplified a united Europe for us - the German-Polish conference traces a woman and history. In: Lausitzer Rundschau . June 18, 2012.