Liebenwerdaer Heide

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The Liebenwerdaer Heide in southern Brandenburg (formerly also Liebenwerdaer Amtsheide ) is a wooded area in the Elbe-Elster area, which in earlier times was mainly used for forestry and hunting purposes. It is located east of the spa town of Bad Liebenwerda between the current district of Dobra in the west and Gorden in the east. In the north it extended to the Rückersdorfer district of Oppelhain and in the south to the northern boundary of Haida . In 1557, the Saxon land surveyor and surveyor Georg Öder specified the dimensions of the heather as three miles long and one mile wide.

It was once part of the Markgrafenheide, to which large parts of the area between Uebigau and Sonnewalde belonged. One of the largest contiguous sessile oak forests in Central Europe extends in the Liebenwerdaer Heide . Large parts of the area were military training areas for decades. The 3,695 hectare “Forsthaus Prösa” nature reserve in the heather is considered the core of the Niederlausitzer Heidelandschaft nature park , which covers an area of ​​484 square kilometers.

The Liebenwerdaer Amtsheide around 1753

geography

climate

Climate diagram of Doberlug-Kirchhain

The Liebenwerdaer Heide with its humid climate lies in the cool, temperate climate zone , but a transition to the continental climate is noticeable.

The next weather station is a few kilometers north in Doberlug-Kirchhain . The month with the least rainfall is February, the wettest is July. The mean annual air temperature here is 8.5 ° C. The annual fluctuation between the coldest month of January and the warmest month of July is 18.4 ° C.

Others are to the west of the area in Torgau and south in Oschatz and Dresden .

Average monthly precipitation for Elsterwerda, a few kilometers south, from 1951 to 1980
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Precipitation ( mm ) 37 33 34 45 54 70 72 66 48 49 41 48 Σ 597
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
N
i
e
d
e
r
s
c
h
l
a
g 		37
33
34
45
54
70
72
66
48
49
41
48
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Source: Luise Grundmann, Dietrich Hanspach, Der Schraden , p. 14, ISBN 978-3-412-10900-4

Natural space

Protected areas

Niederlausitzer Heidelandschaft nature park

The Liebenwerdaer Heide area is integrated into the 484 square kilometer nature park Niederlausitzer Heidelandschaft . The nature park, which extends around 95% in the Elbe-Elster district and includes parts of the neighboring Oberspreewald-Lausitz district, was inaugurated in May 1996. The centerpiece of the nature park, whose heraldic animal is a capercaillie , is the nature reserve "Forsthaus Prösa", which is characterized by stands of sessile oaks, extensive heather areas and silver grass. Its purpose is, among other things, the uniform care and maintenance of the near-natural landscape areas as well as the historically grown cultural landscape in this area, in which post-mining landscapes of the area are to be reclaimed for nature conservation and recreational use. It comprises seven protected landscape areas with a total area of ​​212.65 square kilometers and 13 nature reserves with a total area of ​​93.78 square kilometers.

In the Liebenwerdaer Heide area there is the "Hohenleipisch-Sornoer-Altmoränenlandschaft" conservation area, which covers an area of ​​10,510 hectares. The nature reserves “Forsthaus Prösa” , “Loben” , “Hohenleipisch” , “Suden” and “Seewald” are also located here .

history

Capercaillie hunting in the Liebenwerdaer Amtsheide area

Wood grouse
Capercaillie

The Liebenwerdaer Amtsheide is an old fiscal property, which was listed as early as the 16th century under the forests of the Electoral Saxon Liebenwerda Office. Its size was specified in 1534/36 in a heath order issued by Elector Johann Friedrich I. with a length of three miles and one mile width.

Evidence of capercaillie hunts in the heath is available as early as the 17th century. The Electors from the Electoral Saxony were often drawn to Liebenwerda to hunt the capercaillie here. During a three-week hunt by the Saxon Elector Johann Georg I, over 400 pieces of venison are said to have been caught in 1650 . In 1676 his grandson Elector Johann Georg III lived in a hunt . also his wife Anna Sophie , who killed a capercaillie her father Friedrich III. sent from Denmark and Norway to Denmark. There is also evidence of electoral hunts in the forests of the heath for the years 1680 and 1681. In a forest map from 1747, among other things, the courtship areas of the capercaillie are listed.

The electoral hunting parties initially lived mostly in Liebenwerda Castle , which was converted into a hunting and residential palace from 1568 to 1579. From the 18th century these were mostly in Elsterwerda Castle , which Augustus the Strong had bought in 1727 by Baron Woldemar von Löwendal . The pitch burners resident here were obliged to perform hunting services. Otherwise, the subjects were strictly forbidden to enter the capercaillie territory.

In 1920 the number of capercaillie in the area was given as 13 males and 41 females. Due to the intensive use of the area as a military training area, which began in 1960, and the associated reduction in the size of the natural habitat, this bird species finally died out in this area. After a figure of 25 capercaillie was given in 1965, there is clear evidence only for the 1980s.

However, there are currently intensive efforts to reintroduce this bird species to the area. As part of a pilot project under the direction of biologist Uwe Lindner, twenty-seven female animals were released into the wild in May 2011 in the Forsthaus Prösa nature reserve .

The Turmberg

The fire watchtower, demolished in 1995.
Gotthold mine

The 134 m high Turmberg is located in the heart of the Liebenwerdaer Heide. As early as 1500 there was a tower here which, according to tradition, was manned by guards and the mountain appeared in old documents from 1534, which were supposed to regulate the order in the Liebenwerdaer Heide as Frauenberg. In 1560 it was the central point on a round map by Johannes Humelius (Humelius-Riss), whom the Saxon Elector August had commissioned with the mapping of the Electoral Saxon forest areas. In the forest sign book of 1572 it appears as Frauenberg near Thorme. In 1623 the dilapidation of the tower was determined and a new building was ordered. In a map by George Schreiber, the tower appears in 1752 as the Heydethurm, which Schumann describes as having been received in 1810. According to tradition, the hunting lodge was later built out of the walls. At that time there is also said to have been a so-called hunting garden on the Turmberg. New wooden buildings were erected in 1909 and 1940. Since the tower was used as a fire watch tower, it had telephone connections. In 1963, the upper five meters of the eighteen meter high fire watch tower were blasted off by members of the NVA due to their dilapidation. The remainder was rejuvenated and was used for military purposes. In 1995 the tower was demolished.

Mining in the Liebenwerdaer Heide area

About two kilometers west of Hohenleipisch, in the south of what is now the Forsthaus “Prösa” nature reserve, is the former “Gotthold” lignite mine , which was opened in March 1912. The Lausitzer Unter flöz (2nd Lausitzer seam horizon ) reached a thickness of 2.7 to 4.0 meters. The extraction of quartz sand later became more and more important in the mine and eventually replaced coal entirely. After mining operations came to a standstill as early as 1945 as a result of World War II , a devastating forest fire in 1947, in which not only a huge area of ​​forest burned, but also all of the structures in the "Gotthold" mine and its coal seams, finally led to the end of the mine operation.

Military use

Muna Hohenleipisch
Wehrmacht troops during exercises in the Liebenwerdaer Heide

To the north of Hohenleipisch is the mysterious complex of the Muna Hohenleipisch . This was built from 1936 for the German Wehrmacht as an ammunition plant. In terms of transport technology, it was ideally located on the railroad and road, and it gave the appearance of an idyllic forest settlement in the Liebenwerdaer Heide. In their hinterland, however, extensive military facilities were built, including around one hundred bunkers, most of which were underground. From here the military airfields in the area were supplied with ammunition and bomb supplies. The camouflage of the Muna was so perfect that it could not be found from the air through the closed, naturally preserved canopy of the surrounding forest and so enemy air attacks were mostly ineffective and hit other areas that were assumed to be the location.

The facilities were taken over by the Red Army after the Second World War and were mainly used by them to store ammunition until the political change in the GDR . After the withdrawal of the Red Army, the Muna was considered to be one of the cleanest bases in the new federal states abandoned by Soviet troops. The area of ​​the Muna today still represents a typical small capercaillie biotope. For a successful reintroduction of capercaillie, this area is too small and it would have to be networked with other suitable forest areas in the area. Since 2004, 169 hectares of the Muna have been placed under protection as the “Hohenleipisch” nature reserve.

Former military training area

From 1960 large parts of the area of ​​the old Liebenwerdaer Amtsheide were used as a military training area for the NVA . Although the area was not classified as ideal, as the area is relatively densely populated, the construction of training facilities began in the spring of 1960, because the larger, historically developed military training areas in the GDR were largely in the hands of the Russian occupying forces . The neighboring communities were hardly or not at all consulted. By 1973 the area had been developed into a training site . In order to create space for more shooting ranges and military facilities, an area of ​​around 10 hectares in the sessile oak forest was cut down. The creation of driveways and routes was usually associated with major interventions in nature. Large forest areas were closed to the population for security reasons and to protect against Western espionage.

In 1988 in Helsinki negotiations for peacemaking measures between the states of NATO and the Warsaw Pact finally formed the origin of the nature reserve "Forester's House Prösa", into which the area of ​​the former military training area is now integrated. One of the results of the negotiations was that troop strengths should be reduced and military training areas should be turned over to civilian use. A dismantling of the Bad Liebenwerda military training area was also planned.

As a result of these efforts by the conservationists, it was possible to convert the Liebenwerda military training area and advertise it as a landscape protection area. Lieutenant Colonel Sigfried Welke, commandant of the military training area, received the order to dismantle the military training area at the beginning of 1990, which should become a pilot project that is unique in Europe and serve as a template for the conversion of further military training areas. A short time later, the Green Round Table of the then Liebenwerda district dealt with the future of the areas and in May 1990 the GDR Ministry of the Environment commissioned a landscape planning for the Niederlausitzer Heidelandschaft nature park, including the area.

After the Federal Nature Conservation Act came into force in the new federal states with German reunification, the district council meeting on October 4, 1990 decided to place the nature reserve "Forsthaus Prösa" under protection .

Cultural history

Leisure and Tourism

Signpost at the Oppelhainer Pechhütte
Dobra village church
Monument "mother and child"

Several cycle paths that lead through the Liebenwerdaer Heide area connect the neighboring villages, the Niederlausitzer Heidelandschaft nature park and the sights of the region.

In 2007 the coal-wind & water route opened , which connects the energy-historical buildings in the area. Furthermore, you can cross the eastern area along a coal railway line that has been converted into a cycle path and get to the Domsdorf briquette factory Louise , the oldest preserved briquette factory in Europe, or the town of Lauchhammer , which was shaped by the former lignite mining . In addition, there are some hiking trails and nature trails in the heather area.

In the spa town of Bad Liebenwerda there are the Fontana clinics and the "Lausitztherme Wonnemar" facilities of a spa, health, recreation, wellness and tourism center. In the local district museum there is a permanent exhibition on the roots of the historical central German wandering puppet theater with the Liebenwerda area, a permanent exhibition on the composers Graun brothers born in Wahrenbrück as well as temporary special exhibitions on various historical and cultural topics. It also deals with history and culture in the area of ​​the former Bad Liebenwerda district to which the Liebenwerdaer Heide once belonged.

In the town of Elsterwerda , south of the heath, there is next to the Elsterschloss, which was built in its current form in the 18th century and which, in its function as a hunting lodge, was the starting point for many hunts in the heath, in the immediate vicinity of a historic post mill, a 30,000 m² adventure To find miniature park . In Plessa, also to the south, there is a project of the International Building Exhibition Fürst-Pückler-Land with the Plessa power plant . A few kilometers north of the heather there is a historic Paltrock windmill and a 4000 m² herb garden . At the Oppelhainer Pechhütte there is a bird of prey station that was opened in 2001.

The Grünewalder Lauch recreation area is located in the far east of the heath . Here is an approximately one hundred hectare bathing lake, which was created by flooding a former open-cast mine. At the lake there is a campsite with over two hundred parking spaces, restaurants and a boat rental.

Buildings

Some historical buildings on the heath, such as the wooden tower on the Turmberg, have been lost over time. For example, a manor house originally located in Döllingen fell victim to a fire in 1945. In addition, not far from the Turmberg, at the later location of the commandant's office, there was an old hunting lodge, which came from the time of August the Strong . This served as a training center for forest workers until 1962 and was then part of the commandant's office of the military training area, where it was mainly used as a residence for the commanders and their families. In 1984 this historic building was demolished.

The old forester's house "Prösa", namesake of today's nature reserve, probably owes its name to the Wendish bresa, brisa, brezy , which means something like birch. It was demolished in early 2004. The forest houses in Hohenleipisch and Dobra have been preserved to the present day .

In the places that are on the edge of the former heath, there are also some churches. The field stone church in Hohenleipisch, for example, dates from the 13th century. The Gorden village church was built in 1749. Inside is an organ built by the Großenhain master organ builder in 1840. The rectangular baroque building of the Döllinger village church dates from 1739 and the late Gothic building of the Dobra church from around 1500. Inside there is also a three-part carved altar from 1510.

In Theisa , north-west of the heath, there is a former manor house, which was built in the first half of the 18th century and originally belonged to a manor that can be traced back to the village since 1580. The bell tower in Kraupa to the south dates from 1896 . Today it is like a house in Dorfstraße 23 on the list of monuments of the state of Brandenburg.

Art and literature

There are numerous publications about the Liebenwerdaer Heide in periodicals that deal with this area, such as the Liebenwerdaer Heimatkalender, published since 1913, and other local and natural history publications.

The bronze monument “Mother and Child”, erected in 1926 by the Dresden artist and master ore caster Oswald Haberland, is located in the eastern part of the Gorden .

The landscape painter Franz Oskar Bernhard Schreyer (1858–1938) captured the landscape of the eastern Liebenwerda Heath in several of his paintings. Friedrich Preller the Younger's pupil set up a forest studio in a log house built by him in 1896 near the Baatzer Mountains on the Floßgraben. His pictures can be found in museums in Bautzen , Chemnitz , Zwickau and Leipzig , among others .

Say

“Winter evening at the Moorbruch” by Franz Schreyer

There are also some legends from the Liebenwerdaer Heide area. One of the most famous legends is that of a lost city not far from the “Praise” between Gorden and Hohenleipisch. There is also said to have been a ruined castle here, where a relentless knight lived who plagued the peasants who were subject to him with high flax taxes. The women of Gorden were so outraged that they beat him to death with strands of flax. As a punishment, they had to have an atonement cross placed, which is now on the Gorden village square.

The legend is associated with the desert village of Salssen, mentioned in a document in 1575 , which supposedly had town and escort rights. To the north of the praise, pitch furnace ceramics were also found during forest work, which strengthen these assumptions. In addition, this area was associated with the legendary Slavic city of Liubusua due to this legend and the similarity of the name of the nearby Hohenleipisch, but this could not be confirmed.

Another place on the southern slope of the seamounts, which is near the Lobens, was also called "dwarf houses". It is said that dwarfs once lived here and threw stones full of anger all the way to Doberlug when the monastery bells rang across from there for the first time. Since then the dwarves have disappeared.

The legend of the Golden Born tells of a spring on the Kohlenberg that has now dried up and dredged. A countess from Elsterwerda Castle is said to have lost her way here on a hunting trip. After she had found the spring half dying of thirst, she refreshed herself and her horse with it. Out of gratitude, she then threw her golden ring into the fountain.

The legend "The Mermaids of Dobra" comes from the western heath and is about three dancing girls who later turned out to be mermaids from a pond near the village. Another legend tells of a dead forester from the forester's house Prösa, to whom a deer gave the last escort on the way to his burial and the legend of the Schlottenbrücke tells of a three-legged animal that brings fever and death to those who meet him.

Web links

Commons : Liebenwerdaer Heide  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Pierre Sachse: "Die Liebenwerdaer Heide" in "Die Schwarze Elster" . No. 35/612 . Bad Liebenwerda February 1993, p. 12 to 19 .
  2. ↑ The Niederlausitzer Heidelandschaft nature park on the homepage of the Brandenburg State Environment Agency ( memento of the original from April 11, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.mluv.brandenburg.de
  3. ↑ Geoclimate 2.1
  4. ↑ Luise Grundmann, Dietrich Hanspach: Der Schraden , p. 14 Böhlau, September 2001, ISBN 978-3-412-10900-4 - Measured values ​​1951–1980 Precipitation: Elsterwerda
  5. ↑ Nature park homepage
  6. ↑ Ordinance on the landscape protection area "Hohenleipisch-Sornoer Altmoränenlandschaft"
  7. ↑ Ordinance on the nature reserve "Forsthaus Prösa"
  8. ↑ NSG "Forsthaus Prösa" on the nature park homepage as a PDF file
  9. ↑ NSG “Der Loben” on the nature park homepage as a PDF file
  10. ↑ a b Ordinance on the "Hohenleipisch" nature reserve
  11. ↑ Order No. 1 on nature reserves of March 30, 1961
  12. ↑ NSG "Der Suden" on the nature park homepage as a PDF file
  13. ↑ NSG "Seewald" on the nature park homepage as a PDF file
  14. ↑ List of nature reserves in the state of Brandenburg online as a PDF file ( Memento of the original from May 18, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.mluv.brandenburg.de
  15. ↑ a b F. Ston: “A sightseeing trip to the Liebenwerdaer Heide” in “Die Schwarze Elster” (free local history supplement to the Liebenwerdaer Kreisblatt) . No. 444 . Bad Liebenwerda November 1932.
  16. ↑ Wolfgang Eckelmann, Michael Ziehlke: chronicle of the city Liebenwerda. Edited by Association for City Marketing and Economy Bad Liebenwerda eV Winklerdruck GmbH Gräfenhainichen, Bad Liebenwerda 2007, p. 24 .
  17. ^ Karl Graupner: Capercaillies in the Liebenwerdaer Amtsheide. In: Home calendar for the Bad Kreis Liebenwerda . Ed .: Working groups of friends of nature and home of the German Cultural Association in the Bad Liebenwerda district. Bad Liebenwerda 1964, p. 203-206 .
  18. ↑ Uwe Lewandowski: "Die Liebenwerdaer Amtsheide" in "Home Calendar - For the Land between Elbe and Elster. No. 53 " . Ed .: Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Heimatkunde e. V. Bad Liebenwerda. Gräser Verlag Großenhain OHG, Bad Liebenwerda 1998, ISBN 3-932913-01-9 , p. 178-190 .
  19. ↑ Rudolf Matthies: When elk and wolf lived in our forests. In: Home calendar for the Bad Kreis Liebenwerda . Ed .: Working groups of friends of nature and home of the German Cultural Association in the Bad Liebenwerda district. Bad Liebenwerda 1960, p. 174 to 176 .
  20. ^ "From wisent to capercaillie" in Lausitzer Rundschau, March 7, 2012
  21. ↑ Gabi Böttcher: "Superstars from Sweden exposed in Lausitz." In "Lausitzer Rundschau", May 19, 2012
  22. ↑ "Pilot project for the reintroduction of the capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) in Brandenburg" ( Memento from July 15, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ) on the homepage of the Niederlausitzer Heidelandschaft nature park.
  23. ^ Map by George Schreiber from 1752
  24. ↑ Rudolf Matthies: The Schraden as an old hunting area. In: Home calendar for the Bad Kreis Liebenwerda . Ed .: Working groups of nature and homeland friends of the German Cultural Association in the Bad Liebenwerda district. Bad Liebenwerda 1959, p. 93 .
  25. ↑ Dr. Herbert Sucher, Bettina Beyer: "Gotthold" mine in the home calendar for the Bad Liebenwerda district and the Mückenberger Ländchen . Bad Liebenwerda 1994.
  26. ↑ Dr. Herbert Sucher: From “Agnes” to “Wilhelmine” in the home calendar for the Bad Liebenwerda district and the Mückenberger Ländchen . Bad Liebenwerda 1994, p. 175 to 181 .
  27. ^ Veit Rösler: Muna gates were open to citizens. In: Home calendar for the old district of Bad Liebenwerda, the Mückenberger Ländchen, outskirts on Schraden and Uebigau-Falkenberg . Ed .: Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Heimatkunde eV Bad Liebenwerda. Bad Liebenwerda 1995, p. 152-154 .
  28. ↑ Dr. Gustav Voss: “From Muna and wartime” in “Heimatkalender-For the land between Elbe and Elster”. No. 53 " . Ed .: Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Heimatkunde e. V. Bad Liebenwerda. Gräser Verlag Großenhain OHG, Bad Liebenwerda 2000, ISBN 3-932913-16-7 , p. 68-79 .
  29. ↑ Uwe Lewandowski: “The MUNA Hohenleipisch” in “Heimatkalender-Für das Land between Elbe and Elster”. No. 53 " . Ed .: Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Heimatkunde e. V. Bad Liebenwerda. Gräser Verlag Großenhain OHG, Bad Liebenwerda 2000, ISBN 3-932913-16-7 , p. 205-211 .
  30. ↑ Klaus Dietrich: Legend and Truth - on the history of the former military training area Liebenwerda. In: Home calendar for the old district of Bad Liebenwerda, the Mückenberger Ländchen, outskirts on Schraden and Uebigau-Falkenberg . Ed .: Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Heimatkunde eV Bad Liebenwerda. Bad Liebenwerda 2002, ISBN 3-932913-22-1 , p. 109-116 .
  31. ^ The Liebenwerda military training area on the homepage of the Federal Archives
  32. ↑ Nature conservation instead of commission - four former NVA areas become national natural heritage (from May 13, 2008)
  33. ↑ Petra Wießner: “The way to the Niederlausitzer Heidelandschaft nature park” in “Local calendar for the old district of Bad Liebenwerda, the Mückenberger Ländchen, outskirts on Schraden and Uebigau-Falkenberg” . Ed .: Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Heimatkunde eV Bad Liebenwerda. Bad Liebenwerda 1997, p. 172-180 .
  34. ↑ Brochure Radtourohle-Wind & Wasser-Ein Energiehistorischer Streifzug , published: Landkreis Elbe-Elster, 2007 (online as PDF file) ( Memento of the original from September 28, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / cms.elbe-elster-land.de
  35. ↑ Internet presence of the Oppelhain bird of prey station. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on September 5, 2012 ; Retrieved June 20, 2015 .
  36. ↑ The "Grünewalder Lauch" on the Lauchhammer homepage. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on February 7, 2008 ; Retrieved June 20, 2015 .
  37. ^ The "Grünewalder Lauch" on the homepage of Gorden-Staupitz. Retrieved May 17, 2009 .
  38. ^ A b Matthias Donath : Castles between the Elbe and Elster . Meißen 2007, p. 90 .
  39. ↑ Moritz Detel: "On into the Prösa-a Heidespaziergang" in "Home calendar for the old district Bad Liebenwerda, the Mückenberger Ländchen, outskirts on Schraden and Uebigau-Falkenberg" . Ed .: Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Heimatkunde eV Bad Liebenwerda. No. 54 . Gräser Verlag Großenhain, Bad Liebenwerda 2007, ISBN 3-932913-00-0 , p. 254-259 .
  40. ↑ Cultural Office of the Elbe-Elster district, Bad Liebenwerda district museum, Sparkasse Elbe-Elster (ed.): Orgellandschaft Elbe-Elster . Herzberg / Elster 2005.
  41. ↑ a b The history of the village of Gorden on the homepage of the village club Gorden eV (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on March 16, 2010 ; Retrieved June 20, 2015 .
  42. ↑ Luise Grundmann, Dietrich Hanspach (author): Der Schraden. A regional study in the Elsterwerda, Lauchhammer, Hirschfeld and Ortrand area . Ed .: Institute for Regional Geography Leipzig and the Saxon Academy of Sciences in Leipzig. Böhlau Verlag, Cologne, Weimar, Vienna 2005, ISBN 3-412-10900-2 , pp. 74 .
  43. ^ The Church of Dobra on the local website. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on February 12, 2005 ; Retrieved June 20, 2015 .
  44. ↑ List of monuments of the state of Brandenburg: Elbe-Elster district (PDF) Brandenburg State Office for Monument Preservation and State Archaeological Museum
  45. ↑ List of monuments of the Elbe-Elster district of December 31, 2008 ( online as a PDF file) ( Memento of the original of April 13, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / preview.bldam-brandenburg.de
  46. ↑ R. Schertzberg: "The monument of a mother". In: Home calendar for the Bad Kreis Liebenwerda 1959 . Ed .: Working groups of friends of nature and home of the German Cultural Association in the Bad Liebenwerda district. Bad Liebenwerda 1959, p. 186 to 188 .
  47. ↑ Brief description of Franz Schreyer's in the auction portal lot-tissimo
  48. ^ Works by Franz Schreyer on artnet
  49. ^ Rudolf Matthies: Hike through heather and moor. In: Home calendar for the Bad Kreis Liebenwerda . Ed .: Working groups of friends of nature and home of the German Cultural Association in the Bad Liebenwerda district. Bad Liebenwerda 1958, p. 92 to 98 .
  50. ↑ Luise Grundmann, Dietrich Hanspach (author): Der Schraden. A regional study in the Elsterwerda, Lauchhammer, Hirschfeld and Ortrand area . Ed .: Institute for Regional Geography Leipzig and the Saxon Academy of Sciences in Leipzig. Böhlau Verlag, Cologne, Weimar, Vienna 2005, ISBN 3-412-10900-2 , pp. 65 .
  51. ^ Homepage of the Gorden village club ( Memento from January 23, 2005 in the Internet Archive )
  52. ↑ Georg A. Kuhlins: "Stone cross legends from the district area" in "The Black Elster - Our home in words and pictures" . No. 579 . Bad Liebenwerda 1980, p. 1 to 3 .
  53. ↑ Rudolf Matthies: Hometowns of dwarfs and elves. In: Home calendar for the Bad Kreis Liebenwerda . Ed .: Working groups of friends of nature and home of the German Cultural Association in the Bad Liebenwerda district. Bad Liebenwerda 1962, p. 235 .
  54. ↑ Otto Krugel: " Field names of my home village Grünewalde" in "Home calendar - for the land between Elbe and Elster". Ed .: Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Heimatkunde e. V. Bad Liebenwerda. No. 55 . Gräser Verlag Großenhain, Bad Liebenwerda 2003, ISBN 3-932913-44-2 , p. 213 .
  55. ↑ Liselotte Karl: The mermaids of Dobra . In: Heimatverein Dobra eV (Hrsg.): Dobraer Heimatgeschichte . Dobra 2011, p. 35 .
  56. ↑ Liselotte Karl: Legendary . In: Heimatverein Dobra eV (Hrsg.): Dobraer Heimatgeschichte . Dobra 2011, p. 46 .

Coordinates: 51 ° 30 '52.3 "  N , 13 ° 31' 6.6"  E