Friedrich Stuhlmann

The title of this article is ambiguous. For the pastor and electoral council of Friedrich I of Brandenburg-Ansbach see Friedrich Stuhlmann (pastor) .

Friedrich Stuhlmann (* around 1410 in Kulmbach , Upper Franconia ; † September 21, 1483 in Kamenz , Upper Lusatia ) was Chancellor in Brandenburg since 1445, Bishop of Lebus since 1455 and Regent of the Electorate of Brandenburg since 1473.

Life

Origin and Studies

Friedrich Stuhlmann came from a family resident in Kulmbach in Upper Franconia who had moved there from Herzogenaurach . The later electoral councilor Peter Stuhlmann was possibly an uncle, the pastor Friedrich Stuhlmann from Cadolzburg a relative.

In 1429, Stuhlmann enrolled at the University of Leipzig and graduated there in 1435 as a master's degree . In 1439 he was first mentioned as a canon in Neumünster Abbey in Würzburg . That year he studied in Bologna Law , where he was also procurator of the German nation at the university. In 1443 Friedrich Stuhlmann was a student in Erfurt .

Chancellor in Brandenburg

In 1444, Stuhlmann was electoral councilor to Elector Friedrich II , who also came from Franconia . He was designated as a licentiate (authorized teacher) in secular law. In 1445 he was appointed Chancellor for the Mark Brandenburg. As Chancellor, Stuhlmann helped to strengthen the position of the Hohenzollerns vis-à-vis the estates and cities in Brandenburg. In 1447 he was involved in the conclusion of a concordat between Kurbrandenburg and Pope Eugene IV , which ensured the elector full ecclesiastical sovereignty in his territory. This concerned not only the filling of pastoral posts, but above all the election of the three bishops in Brandenburg , Havelberg and Lebus .

Already in the following year 1448 the attempt to withdraw the jurisdiction in the whole of Brandenburg from the cities and to place them in the hands of the elector was successful. When the Chancellor succeeded in wresting recognition of the sovereignty of the sovereign from the particularly unruly cities of Berlin and Cölln on the Spree and the other Brandenburg cities followed suit, the Hohenzollern's position of power was permanently secured.

In 1451, Stuhlmann was first referred to as a doctor of both rights .

Bishop of Lebus

Bust Stuhlmanns, 1898, monument group 16 on Siegesallee

In 1453 Friedrich Stuhlmann was first mentioned as a canon in Lebus. In 1455 he was unanimously elected as the new bishop by the cathedral chapter. On December 1, 1455, Pope Calixt III confirmed . the vote. In the following years, the new bishop acquired additional land for the cathedral monastery and had construction work carried out on the cathedral in Fürstenwalde.

Stuhlmann continued to work as Chancellor. In the following years he traveled abroad several times as the elector's envoy. The attempt to acquire neighboring Pomerania for Brandenburg was unsuccessful .

Governor and Regent in Brandenburg

After Friedrich II abdicated as elector in Brandenburg in 1470 and retired to Franconia, the Chancellor Stuhlmann was appointed one of several governors in the Mark for the time of the absence of the new Margrave Albrecht Achilles . In 1473, Elector Albrecht made him regent in Brandenburg when he returned to Franconia and his son Johann was still a minor.

The late years of Friedrich Stuhlmann were marked by the repeatedly flaring up resistance of the Brandenburg cities to the suzerainty of the elector. The citizens of Stendal even threatened to murder the bishop. However, the cities no longer succeeded in breaking the power of the Hohenzollerns.

death

On September 21, 1483 Friedrich Stuhlmann died during diplomatic negotiations in Kamenz in Upper Lusatia. His remains were transferred to the royal seat of Fürstenwalde and buried in the cathedral there.

The grave slab is still preserved today. It shows the bishop with his insignia and the family coat of arms. The inscription reads: “Anno domini m.cccc.lxxxiii. in the sancti mathei obiit reverendus ixdus fridericus armchair episcops eccl lubuceij s. aia requiescat in pace ame. ”(In the year of the Lord one thousand four hundred eighty-three on the day of Saint Matthew, the venerable Lord died in Christ Friedrich Stuhlmann, Bishop of the Church of Lebus. May he rest in peace. Amen).

Bust in the Siegesallee

For the former Berliner Siegesallee , the sculptor Alexander Calandrelli created a marble bust of Stuhlmann as a side figure of monument group 16 to the central statue for Elector Friedrich II, unveiled on December 22, 1898. The bust shows Stuhlmann based on the model of the gravestone with miter and bishop's robe , but also expresses the urbane diplomat.

literature

• Suse Andresen: On a princely order: The learned councilors of the Electors of Brandenburg from the House of Hohenzollern in the 15th century. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2017. pp. 533–538 .
• Johannes Kist: Friedrich Stuhlmann, Bishop of Lebus (1435–1483). In: Valentin Fröhlich (ed.): Herzogenaurach, Ein Heimatbuch. Self-published by the city of Herzogenaurach in 1949. pp. 187–191.
• Friedrich Holtze : The oldest Brandenburg chancellors and their families. In: Research on Brandenburg and Prussian history. Volume 7, Berlin 1894, pp. 479–531, especially pp. 486–494 (with picture; digitized version )
• Sigmund Wilhelm Wohlbrück : History of the former diocese of Lebus and the country with the same name . Volume 2. Berlin 1829. pp. 152-164

Individual evidence

1. ^ Alfred Wendehorst : The Neumünster Abbey in Würzburg . Germania Sacra NF 26: The dioceses of the ecclesiastical province of Mainz. The Diocese of Würzburg 4. de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1989, ISBN 3-11-012057-7 . P. 528 with a short biography
2. ^ Mario Müller: Dietrich von Stechow, Bishop of Brandenburg 1459–1472. Regesta on the Vita and the episcopate. Published in: Sascha Bütow, Peter Riedel, Uwe Tersp (eds.): The Middle Ages end yesterday. Contributions to the regional, cultural and religious history of Heinz-Dieter Heimann on his 65th birthday. Lukas Publishing House. ISBN 978-3-86732-188-4 . P. 114 f.
3. ↑ Uta Lehnert: The Kaiser and the Siegesallee. Réclame Royale , Dietrich Reimer Verlag, Berlin 1998, p. 152 ISBN 3-496-01189-0 .

predecessor	Office	successor
Johann von Dreher	Bishop of Lebus 1455–1483	Liborius von Schlieben