Friedrich Wilhelm Deichmann

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Friedrich Wilhelm Deichmann (born December 17, 1909 in Jena , † September 13, 1993 in Mentana ) was a German Christian archaeologist and Byzantine art historian . It is particularly linked to the exploration of the city of Ravenna .

biography

Friedrich Wilhelm Deichmann received his doctorate in 1934 at the University of Halle under Paul Frankl with a dissertation on the subject of an attempt to depict the floor plan types of church building in the early Christian and Byzantine times in the Orient on an art-geographical basis . This was followed by almost 60 years of intensive research, which was long associated with the Rome Department of the German Archaeological Institute (DAI). At first he was holder of the travel grant of the German Archaeological Institute in 1935/36 . In 1937 he began his work in Rome as a scientific consultant for Christian archeology. With Arnold TschiraDeichmann began excavations at the Helenamausoleum ( Tor Pignattara , Rome) in 1940 . These were the first excavations carried out by the institute since 1913. Another excavation followed in 1942 with Michael Stettler at the temple of Minerva Medica . Since 1943, in addition to his other duties, he represented Ernst Homann-Wedeking , who was called up to serve in the armed forces, in the institute's photo library. In 1944 he was involved in the relocation of the library and the photo library as well as other documents to the salt mine of Alt-Aussee near Salzburg . As spokesman for a delegation from the Institute, he thanked Pope Pius XII for the help . for his support in securing the institute. Towards the end of the Second World War and in the post-war period, he guarded the institute, which was expropriated at the time. In 1954 he became an honorary professor at the University of Bonn and in 1956 senior scientific adviser , later scientific director at the Rome department of the DAI and part-time professor at the Facoltà Valdese di Teologia in Rome. After retiring in 1974, Deichmann stayed in Rome and devoted himself intensively to scientific work, which was also associated with the Roman Institute of the DAI until his death.

Deichmann dealt primarily with the legacies of the three late ancient Roman capitals: Rome, Constantinople and above all Ravenna. In addition, he carried out research in particular in Nubia . He wrote his most important work, Ravenna , on Ravenna. Capital of the late antique western world . In this work he documented topography , church history , cultural history , economic history , architecture , building sculpture , sculpture , mosaic art , iconography and everyday culture. He was one of the “outstanding scholars who shaped the character of their subject in their time” ( Bernard Andreae ).

Together with Hans-Georg Beck and Herbert Hunger , Deichmann published the Byzantine magazine from 1964 to 1980 . In 1969 he became a corresponding member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and was a member of the Pontificia Accademia Romana di Archeologia . In 1974 he was awarded the Great Cross of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany. He received honorary citizenship of Ravenna in 1984 . On the day of his death he received an honorary doctorate from the University of Bologna .

Fonts (selection)

  • Attempt to present the floor plan types of church building in early Christian and Byzantine times in the Orient on an art-geographical basis. Triltsch, Würzburg 1937.
  • Sabratha and Tripoli (= series of publications for our soldiers. Issue 3). Publishing house of "Italy Observer", Rome 1942.
  • Studies on the architecture of Constantinople in the 5th and 6th centuries AD (= German contributions to classical studies. Issue 4). Publishing house for art and science, Baden-Baden 1956.
  • Early Christian buildings and mosaics from Ravenna. Grimm, Baden-Baden 1958 (later reissued as a panel volume from “Ravenna. Capital of the Late Antique Occident”).
  • Repertory of the Christian ancient sarcophagi. Volume 1: Rome and Ostia. Text and panel volume, von Zabern, Mainz 1967.
  • Ravenna. Capital of the late antique western world (three volumes in six sub-volumes). Steiner, Wiesbaden / Stuttgart 1969–1989.
  • The spoils in late antique architecture (= session reports of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences, Philosophical-Historical Class. Born 1975, Issue 6). Publishing house of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and CH Beck, Munich 1975, ISBN 3-7696-1473-9 .
  • with Urs Peschlow : Two late antique ruins in northern Mesopotamia (= meeting reports of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences, Philosophical-Historical Class. Born 1977, Book 2). Publishing house of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and CH Beck, Munich 1977, ISBN 3-7696-1483-6 .
  • Rome, Ravenna, Constantinople, Middle East. Collected studies of late antique architecture, art and history. Steiner, Wiesbaden 1982, ISBN 3-515-03759-4 .
  • Qalb Lōze and Qalʿat Semʿān. The special development of northern Syriac late antique architecture. (= Meeting reports of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences, Philosophical-Historical Class. Born in 1982, Issue 6). Publishing house of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and CH Beck, Munich 1982, ISBN 3-7696-1518-2 .
  • Introduction to Christian Archeology ( The Art History. Introduction ). Scientific Book Society, Darmstadt 1983, ISBN 3-534-06797-5 .
    • Italian edition: Archaeologia cristiana (= Studia archaeologica. Volume 63). Bretschneider, Rome 1993, ISBN 88-7062-771-3 .
    • Polish edition: Archeologia chrześcijańska. Warsaw 1994, ISBN 83-01-11426-6 .
  • From an international private association to a Prussian state institution. On the history of the Instituto di Corrispondenza Archeologica (= The German Archaeological Institute. Volume 9). von Zabern, Mainz 1986, ISBN 3-8053-0509-5 .
  • with Peter Grossmann : Nubian research (= archaeological research. Volume 17). Gebr. Mann, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-7861-1512-5 .

literature

  • Contributions to the history of the German Archaeological Institute 1929 to 1979. Part 1, Philipp von Zabern, Mainz 1979, pp. 4–40.
  • Otto Feld, Urs Peschlow (editor): Studies on late antique and Byzantine art. Dedicated to Friedrich Wilhelm Deichmann (= monographs of the Roman-Germanic Central Museum in Mainz, research institute for prehistory and early history. Volume 10). 3 volumes. Habelt, Bonn 1986, ISBN 3-7749-2265-9 (therein vol. 1, pp. XI-XXVI index of the writings of Friedrich Wilhelm Deichmann).
  • Bernard Andreae : Friedrich Wilhelm Deichmann, December 17, 1909-13.9.1993. In: Communications from the German Archaeological Institute. Roman department . Volume 100, 1993, pp. 1-2.
  • Bernard Andreae: Capital Ravenna. On the death of the archaeologist Friedrich Wilhelm Deichmann. In: Ancient World . Volume 24, 1993, p. 362.
  • Hans-Georg Beck : Friedrich Wilhelm Deichmann, December 17, 1909-13.9.1993. In: Yearbook of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences. Year 1993, pp. 271-274.
  • Otto Feld: Friedrich Wilhelm Deichmann, December 17, 1909-13.9.1993. In: Communications from the German Archaeological Institute. Roman department. Volume 101, 1994, pp. 7-17 (with addition to the list of publications).
  • Gunnar Brands : Friedrich Wilhelm Deichmann and the early Christian-Byzantine church building. In: 100 years of art history at the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg. People and works (= Hallesche Contributions to Art History. Volume 5/6). Halle 2004, pp. 129–150.
  • Eugenio Russo: Friedrich Wilhelm Deichmann. In: Stefan Heid , Martin Dennert (editor): Personal dictionary for Christian archeology. Researchers and personalities from the 16th to the 21st century. Volume 1 , Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg 2012, pp. 376–378, ISBN 978-3-7954-2620-0 .

Web links

supporting documents

  1. ↑ Bernard Andreae: Capital Ravenna. On the death of the archaeologist Friedrich Wilhelm Deichmann. In: Ancient World. Volume 24, 1993, p. 362.
personal data
SURNAME Deichmann, Friedrich Wilhelm
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German Christian archaeologist and Byzantine art historian
DATE OF BIRTH December 17, 1909
PLACE OF BIRTH Jena
DATE OF DEATH September 13, 1993
Place of death Mentana