Building name

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Building name , more generally also building name , technically oikodonym (Gr. Oikodomé 'building' and ónyma 'name') is the name of a building ( building in the sense of the term is a sub-form of buildings). The building names are a subgroup of the settlement names .

To the subject

Settlement names ( oikonyms , to Greek oĩkos , accommodation ', place names in the narrower sense) are within the group of toponyms ( locality names, place names iw S.) the names that are “connected to the objects of human activity in relation to the earth's surface, by humans are created or perfected ”. These include settlements, micro-objects within the settlements, traffic routes and routes, individual buildings, sacred buildings or cemeteries. In contrast to settlements ( localities ) , which are generally without exception provided with a proper name ( Latin noun proprium ), buildings are usually only named if they represent outstanding landmarks .

“As a rule, not every building and not every construction is designated proprially, but only the best-known, most attractive, most interesting among them, e. B. the Zwinger, St. Stephen's Cathedral, Sancoussi Palace, Cecilienhof Palace and the like. a. "

The same applies to public buildings such as hospitals and inns , but also to infrastructure structures such as city ​​gates or bridges . Residential houses - with the exception of the rural properties, and town houses only regionally and in phases - usually remain unnamed; In general, since the introduction of the official cadastral system , one uses the name of street name  + house number .

In general, only an entire building complex usually has its own name; The court names designate the entire property or the name of a castle designates the entire complex, the individual parts of the building are then only designated with technical terms ( Latin collective ), i.e. the house, the barn , or the Pallas and the outer bailey . These then go over to the part proprially in the linguistic usage of the residents, or more detailed descriptions ( descriptive ) become the name: south wing , new building , house at the gate .

System of building names

According to the type of building

The names for structures can be systematically divided into the following groups according to the type of structure:

According to the origin of the name (etymology)

According to the origin ( etymology ), different cases can be distinguished:

Linguistic

Building names can be Simplicia (individual names), compound words or synthetically formed (sentence fragments). It is common practice to provide a building class (Danube bridge, parish church of St. Florian, Hotel Zur Post), but not a must. The morphology of old house names includes basic members of the above typology with derivative elements , such as a general derivative suffix -er or -inger , which also apply to people, or diminutive such as Bavarian -l (Ackerl, Gaßl)

For genus is considered to Duden: "terms with which initially no Genus combines and which are used as names for hotels, cafes, cinemas, are - according to the genus of these three words - mostly Neutra: the Continental, the Gloria, the Hilton; I go to the Kranzler, to the Blum; the Royal, the Rex. But: the Schauburg (because: the castle), the evening studio (because: the studio), the crank, the film stage. "

On the declination : “The building name is inflected, even if it is in quotation marks: the owner of the“ Alte Post ”, the cooks of the“ Nürnberger Hof ”. If the name of the building is to remain unchanged, it must be rewritten: in the "Alte Post" inn, the chefs at the "Nürnberger Hof" hotel. "

Naming rights

In general, the name of the old stock has been handed down throughout, and has thus been included in the official surveying databases from the 18th century, and thus found a certain binding force ( cadastre , official maps ). More recent buildings are consistently subject to a state-regulated approval process ( building permit ) , during which a name may be set. These, but also other legal processes, such as monument cadastre , do not necessarily have a normative force with regard to the building name.

Due to the EDP systems built up in recent years, such as geographic information systems (GIS), there is an increasing effort to standardize the naming of geographic objects , and thus also of buildings, in terms of naming and spelling.

Austria

In Austria the naming right for buildings is clearly regulated, and for "other settlement names" lies with the owner , otherwise also with the municipality as the building authority of the first instance, only in the case of inherited estates with the state .

For general geographical names, the local directory (OVZ) of the Austrian Central Statistical Office (STAT, formerly ÖSTAT), the Austrian map 1: 50,000 (ÖK50) and the GEONAM database of the Federal Office for Metrology and Surveying (BEV) are available. Their data are determined in the context of population censuses (STAT) and through inquiries with the municipalities (BEV). A recommendation by the Austrian Conference on Spatial Planning (ÖROK) in 1998 suggested that this database "should be binding for official use, as it is based on information from the legally responsible bodies." old map series are named as individual layers (e.g. farmsteads that are already larger towns today).

Further - non-binding - material comes from the work of the Institute for Military Geosomes (IMG) and the Hydrographic Central Office (HZB), the Working Group for Cartographic Place Name Studies (AKO) of the Austrian Cartographic Commission (ÖKK) in the Austrian Geographical Society (ÖGG) and the Austrian Academy of Sciences , as well as the nomenclature and place name commissions of the states and the state archives . In addition, there are notices from the Federal Monuments Office regarding the protection status according to § 2  DMSG ; numerous public buildings are also defined by the owner in federal and state laws (for example school names in SchOG  II. main part).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Wolodymyr Kamianets: On the division of German proper names . In: Graz Linguistic Studies . tape 54 , fall. Graz 2000, p. 41–58 ( uni-graz.at [PDF; accessed on September 27, 2018] in particular p. 47–48, pdf p. 7 f).
  2. ↑ a b Quote from Kamianets 2000, p. 48
  3. ↑ Compilation follows Kamianets 2000 p. 48; Konrad Kunze : dtv-Atlas onomastics. First and last names in the German-speaking area . 1998, p. 88-105 . ; Duden Lexicon of Family Names . S. 48-49 .
  4. ↑ "Micro-objects within the settlements". Kamianets 2000, p. 48
  5. ↑ a b c d e f these terms are not particularly well-established and are mentioned by Kunze 1998 and Kamianets 2000 as a suggestion
  6. ↑ a b c Follows Ute Maurnböck-Mosser: The house and farm names in the judicial district of Mauerkirchen . Thesis. April 2002, The formation of house and farm names ( ute.at [accessed on May 19, 2010]). There is a typology of house and farm names and the personal names based on them, here added
  7. ↑ Quote Maurnböck-Mosser 2002
  8. ↑ a b Duden 9 - Correct and good German . Mannheim 2005. Quoted from For you looked up: building names. (No longer available online.) In: Sprachberatung> Newsletter> Newsletter-Archiv. Duden, July 1, 2005, archived from the original on February 14, 2011 ; Retrieved May 20, 2010 .
  9. ↑ ÖROK recommendation for the standardization of geographical names . Round-trip decision. Recommendation No. 46. May 15, 1998 ( oerok.gv.at [PDF; accessed on March 19, 2010]).
  10. ^ Quote ÖROK 1998, p. 2