Municipality (Yugoslavia and successor states)
The community in the former SFR Yugoslavia is with Croatian / Bosnian općina ( plural : Opčine ,) Serbian / Montenegrin / Macedonian opština / општина (plural: Serbian / Montenegrin општине opstine / , Macedonian opštini / општини ) and Slovenian občina (plural občine ) designated. These terms continue to be used in Yugoslavia's successor states, Bosnia and Herzegovina , Croatia , Serbia , Montenegro , North Macedonia and Slovenia in the respective national language.
Many of the large municipalities reach the size of German rural districts , so far exceed German association municipalities in area.
history
At the communal level of Yugoslavia , a total of 471 such large municipalities last existed after the number had been reduced by the amalgamation of small municipalities by 1965 (status: 1989). After the break-up of Yugoslavia , some of the newly created states retained the division into large municipalities.
present
Bosnia and Herzegovina
In Bosnia and Herzegovina , the municipality ( općina or opština / општина, pl .: općine or opštine / општине) represents the fourth administrative level within the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina below the cantons and the third within the Republika Srpska .
The communities usually include not only an eponymous place but also its surrounding area. In the Sarajevo canton, some of the municipalities correspond to the municipal districts of Sarajevo .
The main features of the division into municipalities from before 1992 were retained. In some cases, however, parishes have been restructured. Some municipalities were divided by the entity boundary between the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republika Srpska. So the 109 parishes before the war became 142 today. The youngest municipality is Stanari , which was separated from the town of Doboj in 2014 .
Croatia
In Croatia , the municipality ( općina , pl .: općine ) represents the third administrative level below the counties . Croatia is divided into 20 counties ( županija , pl .: županije ) and the capital Zagreb , which itself has the powers of a county. The counties are divided into municipalities, some of which have the status of a city ( grad ). The administration is divided into 124 cities and 426 municipalities.
Montenegro
Montenegro is divided into 24 (large) municipalities ( opštine , Sg. Opština ). In addition to the eponymous place of the municipality, these also include its surroundings with other localities.
In 2013, a new Petnjica municipality was spun off from Berane municipality .
In 2014 Gusinje became an independent municipality. Most recently, in 2018, Tuzi became an independent municipality, separated from the municipality of Podgorica .
Serbia
In Serbia , the municipality ( opština / општина, Pl .: opštine / општине) consists of about 40 localities on average. For example, the city of Leskovac has a total of 144 localities, while the city of Sremski Karlovci consists of only one village. Usually the municipality bears the name of the largest town or town in terms of inhabitants.
The municipalities in Serbia often have an area of more than 500, sometimes more than 1000 square kilometers, so they are in some cases comparable with German rural districts. According to the law on the territorial organization of the Republic of Serbia published in 2007, an opština should generally have at least 10,000 inhabitants.
The organs of a Serbian municipality are the municipal assembly (Serbian: Skupština opštine / Скупштина општине ) and the mayor (Serbian: predsednik opštine / председник општине = President of the municipality).
Slovenia
In Slovenia , the municipality of občina (pl .: občine ) forms the second administrative level directly below the state as a whole. Slovenia is divided into 212 municipalities , eleven of which are urban municipalities .
On June 22, 2008, 57% of voters voted in a referendum for a government proposal to divide the country into 13 provinces . The turnout was only 11%.
North Macedonia
In North Macedonia, the large Yugoslav communities (in Albanian Komuna ) were dissolved and a large number of small communities created and the regions introduced as higher-level units .
Kosovo
In Kosovo , the Albanian name for a municipality is Komuna ( indefinite Komunë ; plural Komunat / Komuna ). The Turkish name is Belediye (a place name followed by the possessive suffix Belediyesi ).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Zakon o izmjeni i dopuni Zakona o teritorijalnoj organizaciji Crne Gore. (No longer available online.) In: Službeni List Crne Gore (no. 27/2013). June 11, 2013, archived from the original on September 4, 2015 ; Retrieved February 20, 2015 (Serbian). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Zakon o izmjenama i dopunama Zakona o teritorijalnoj organizaciji Crne Gore. (No longer available online.) In: Službeni List Crne Gore (no. 12/2014). March 7, 2014, archived from the original on September 26, 2014 ; Retrieved February 20, 2015 (Serbian). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Заkон о територијалној организацији Републике Србије on the website of the Serbian Parliament, accessed on November 30, 2010 ( Memento of May 13, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
