Gerhard Christian Garlichs

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Gerhard Christian Garlichs (born December 6, 1778 in Kniphausen ; † December 7, 1830 in Bremen ) was a German art collector and patron . In the literature, his last name is occasionally shortened to "Garlich".

Gerhard Christian Garlichs (1805)

Career

Garlichs grew up in Fedderwarden , did an apprenticeship as a businessman and settled in Bremen. In 1803 he received Bremen citizenship on application and became the owner of a “fashion goods store” with a member of the Barkhausen family established in Bremen, which later became the “newest engl. Long Shawls and French Bourre de Soie towels in all common colors ”. At first he and his family were listed in the register of Bremen Cathedral, later of Bremen-Vegesack . The fact that the elder man Georg Wilhelm Grommé was one of the best witnesses of his second marriage in 1817 indicates that he has now been one of the city's dignitaries . In 1822 it was highlighted as a sign of security that the "raffle of a country estate under the direction of Gerhard Christian Garlichs" was taking place.

The Garlichs Collection

As was customary among wealthy merchants in Bremen at the time, Garlichs put together a private art collection. As early as 1822 it was said:

“No connoisseur will leave the collections of Mr. Dreiers and Mr. Garlich unseen [...] In the collection of the last named friend of art you can see several pictures from the Dutch School, a Hondekoeter, Backbuyzen, van der Velde, Netscher, van der Neer, how one might find them more beautiful in a few collections. "

Garlichs then added to this collection until his unexpectedly early death at the end of 1830. It was reported that from the estate of the art collector Gerhard Oelrichs (1727–1789) “the merchant Gerh brought a large part [of his art collection]. Christian Garlichs can be bought, who works with the art broker Friedr. Adolph Dreyer also bought the rest of that collection from the heirs, along with a large number of mostly valuable copperplate engravings and hand drawings ”.

The extent and quality of the von Garlichs collection soon became known beyond Bremen. For example, the Bavarian Crown Prince Maximilian II Joseph visited Bremen for a few days at the end of March 1830 during a trip through northern Germany, which he carried out incognito like other trips under the pseudonym "Graf von Werdenfels". Accompanied by Senator Heinrich Smidt, who is responsible for foreign affairs, Garlichs also showed him his art collection.

After the death of Garlichs, the bereaved decided to part with the majority of the works of art. At first, parts of the collection were apparently sold directly to interested parties, such as the princes of Salm . The remaining works were auctioned . The 67-page “Directory of a collection of paintings by excellent artists, bequeathed by the late Mr. Gerhard Christian Garlichs” lists 322 paintings in addition to 31 copper engravings, “including pictures by Rapael, Lucas Kranach, R. Poussin, Gilles Mosaert and other masters first rank shone ”. The upcoming auction attracted attention far beyond Bremen and the neighborhood, as a Saxon newspaper praised several of the offered pictures in detail. From today's point of view, the art collection built up by Garlichs, including those of Berkenkamp, ​​Castendyk, Lambertz, Lürman, Oelrichs, Post and Wilckens, is one of the most important in Bremen. The detailed descriptions of the works and their provenance show that in addition to works “in the manner of”, numerous originals by important masters were also on offer. It is unclear whether the auction took place only in March 1832, according to the handwritten entry in the auction catalog, or - according to the date printed therein - partly in October 1831. In any case, most of the bids went to collectors and artists from Bremen, such as the elderly people Delius and Lürman, Heyse and Dreyer. Several times someone from the Eggers family, once someone from the Garlichs family, was awarded the contract. The Kunstverein Bremen also acquired a title at that time. The surviving documents show that almost all of the works of art offered were for sale. Up to 200 Reichstaler per title were achieved - the annual salary of a simple railway official at the time - especially for works by Breughel, Frank, Netscher, Raffael and de Wit. The total proceeds from the auction must have been substantial. In fact, Bernhard Garlichs, one of the testator's sons, later reported that during his years in Missouri after 1832 he had been repeatedly "supported with money from home". Today there are several paintings from the Garlich collection at the time in the holdings of the Kunsthalle Bremen .

Community service

It corresponded to the self-image of wealthy Bremen citizens at the time to participate in the administration of public institutions in their city and to contribute their own assets to foundations to support widows, orphans and other needy people.

Garlichs was a lay deacon of the St. Petri Cathedral in Bremen from 1814 to 1822 and was a member of the administrative board of the affiliated Evangelical-Lutheran orphanage .

Like Johann Smidt, Garlichs was also a member of the Saint Jacobus Brotherhood , an exclusive group of twelve dignitaries from Bremen society. At that time it was still based in the Bremen Story House. The founding statute set the brothers both a self-serving goal - indulging in physical well-being - and a non-profit goal - to be active in charity . In order to fulfill the latter obligation, the Jakobs brothers took over the costs and administration of a widow's house in Bremen-Schnoor, for example .

Garlichs has also been a supporting member of the Bremen Art Association since it was founded in 1823.

Political offices

As a lay deacon, Garlichs belonged to the group of people whom the citizens' convention had to consult for advice under the law of the time.

After the French withdrew, Garlichs himself became a member of the citizens' convention. When the imperial-free city ​​of Bremen acquired land for what would later become Bremerhaven from the Kingdom of Hanover in 1827 due to the progressive silting up of the Weser , Garlichs was appointed by the citizenry as a member of an eight-person deputation that was supposed to promote the economic development of the new area.

Private concerts

Up until 1811 there had been public performances in Bremen of concerts which, because of the preferred season of the year, were last called "Winter Concerts". They had been discontinued, hampered by the political reorganization and recession after the collapse of Napoleonic rule . In 1825 the Garlichs teamed up with other Bremen dignitaries such as Senator Post, Senator Klugkist, Eltermann Wilhelmi and Consul Kalkmann, because "several music lovers had long since wanted to return to regular concerts". They founded “an institute through subscription for five years”. His job should be to organize "private concerts", since these did not require official approval. The concerts were still public insofar as anyone could join the association (institute) - provided that they were able to pay the five-year subscription in advance (before hand). For quite high individual payments, non-members were also given access to the concerts. Garlichs was the board member responsible for finances; on his death he was seen in retrospect as the driving force behind the project. The board of directors promoted access to the association with a large circulation "circular":

“Bremen used to have regular winter concerts based on subscription, which gave music lovers a lot of enjoyment and had a beneficial effect on musical training. It has been lacking this advantage for several years. "

The private concerts were, however, in competition with other offers. So had Wilhelm Friedrich Riem in 1815 the Bremer Singing Academy founded in 1820 and the Bremen Concert Orchestra, the precursor of (Philharmonic) State Orchestra Bremen - now he was also musical director of the private Conzerte. The “Symphonie-Verein”, the “Privat-Concerts der Union” and the Grabau'schen “Gesangs-Verein” also advertised for encouragement. Contrary to a disparaging remark in a German encyclopedia that "Bremen [is] not the place where an artist receives suggestions and enjoys dealing with like-minded people," Bremen's cultural life at that time was characterized by too many uncoordinated offers rather than by a lack of interest . The events were also organized by many actors, some with multiple responsibilities, such as Riem, Albert Theodor Toepken, Gustav Wilhelm Eggers and Hieronymus Klugkist . After all, the other associations and events were considered closer to the citizen than they were when they were re-established in 1825 and were also represented and promoted by people who were known personally from renowned artists of their time, such as the Schumann couple, from their student days. Despite all efforts, the association for private concerts was therefore not an economic success. For the first subscription period, only half of the subscribers required to cover the costs could be obtained, so that the program had to be shortened for the winter season 1830/31 before the death of Garlichs. In 1895 the association was to become the Philharmonic Society .

family

Garlichs came from a family that was mainly based in Oldenburg and Jeverland . His parents were the lawyer and public prosecutor Anton Bernhard Garlichs (1173-1803) and Elisabeth Rebecca Langreuther (also: Langreuter, 1746-1785). Bernhard Garlichs was one of his eight siblings . Garlichs married in 1804 in Bremen the Jnsea Katharina Elise Lambertz (also "Lambert", born June 21, 1782 in Oldenburg ; † 1816 in Bremen). From this marriage came Fanny Amalie, Emma Carolina (1809-1850) and Hermann Garlichs (1807-1865). In 1829 Emma Carolina married the aforementioned Gustav Wilhelm Eggers, who was also the co-owner of the wine shop Joh. Eggers Sohn . Previously, Garlichs had married Anna Adelheid Eggers (born March 14, 1783 ; † February 2, 1852 , both in Bremen) in 1817 into this politically and culturally important family in Bremen. From this second connection came Marie Johanne (March 1, 1818–1852), Adelheid Mathilde (* 1819), Johann Adolph (* 1820), Carl Johann (* 1822) and Georg Hinrich Garlichs (* 1827). Anna Adelheid Garlich's widow left a will, a copy of which is preserved in the will books in the Bremen city archives.

Acquaintance with Schumanns

Eggers, son-in-law of Gerhard Christian Garlichs, supported the performances of Robert Schumann and Clara Schumann in Bremen. The couple were guests at Eggers several times on this occasion. Clara Schumann dedicated the “valses romantiques pour le pianoforte” (op. 4, 1835) to Emma Eggers (Garlich's daughter Emma Carolina). Another contact with Gerhard Christian Garlichs came through Marie Johanne Garlichs, who accompanied Clara Schumann on several occasions, during her travels and appearances around 1842 in Hamburg, Lübeck and Copenhagen. Marie Garlichs was also one of those who later tried to mediate if the Schumanns and Eggers were upset.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ For lack of other sources, early life data also from Annemarie Ruge: Descent table of the Jeverschen branch of the Garlichs family , unpublished list from 1978 ( see discussion )
  2. ↑ Christ. Georg Garlichs: Granting of Bremen citizenship in 1803 - O (1799 - 1806), No. 394 [1]  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. quoted after The MAUS Society for Family Research eV Bremen@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.die-maus-bremen.de  
  3. ↑ Staats- und Gelehre Zeitung des Hamburgischen impartial correspondents 1803: Mode-Waaren-Handlung von Barkhausen et Garlichs advertisement in Num. 119 on Wednesday, July 27th
  4. ↑ Bremer Zeitung 1822, advertisement in supplement to no. 158 of June 7th
  5. ↑ Gerhard Christian Garlichs and family: Ortsfamilienbuch Bremen Dom [2]  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. quoted after The MAUS Society for Family Research eV Bremen@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.die-maus-bremen.de  
  6. ↑ Gerhard Christian Garlichs and family: Ortsfamilienbuch Bremen-Vegesack Archive link ( Memento of the original from January 9, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. quoted after The MAUS Society for Family Research eV Bremen @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.die-maus-bremen.de
  7. ↑ Bremer Zeitung 1822, supplement to No. 98 from April 8th
  8. ^ Andrea Less: "The collector and his own". The painting collection of Aeltermann Lürman (1789-1865) in the context of their time of creation in Bremen , in: Kurt Dröge, Detlef Hoffmann (eds.): Museum revisted. Transdisciplinary perspectives on an institution in transition . transcript Verlag Bielefeld, 2010, ISBN 3-8376-1377-1 , pp. 113-118.
  9. ↑ a b c Andrea Less: Bourgeois collection culture in Bremen using the example of the painting collection of Aeltermann Theodor Gerhard Lürman (1789-1865) , in: Niedersächsischen Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte , published by the Historical Commission for Lower Saxony and Bremen, Volume 82, 2010, p. 339-370.
  10. ^ A b c Johann Hermann Duntze 1851: History of the Free City of Bremen , Vol. 4, P. 397 f, Verlag Heyse
  11. ^ Adam Storck 1822: Views of the free Hanseatic city of Bremen and its surroundings , 648 p. Wilmans publishing house
  12. ↑ Bibliopolisches Jahrbuch 1836: Gemäldesammlungen von Garlich and Meinerzhagen , Vol. 1-2, Verlag JJ Weber; Conversation lexicon for fine arts 1846: Private collections of paintings can be found at Messrs. Von Garlich, Meinerzhagen , Vol. 2, Verlag Romberg.
  13. ↑ Der Bayerische Volksfreund 1830, Nro. 55, April 6, p. 127: Crown Prince Maximilian of Bavaria at the end of March incognito to Bremen ; Franconian Mercury 1830, Nro. 143, May 23: Crown Prince Maximilian of Bavaria stayed in Bremen for several days; Venanz Müller: Maximilian II, King of Bavaria: a patriotic historical picture , 1864, p. 64; Friedrich Schmidt: History of the education of the Palatinate Wittelsbacher , in: Monumenta Germaniae paedagogica, Volume 19, Verlag A. Hofmann, 1899, S. ccvi.
  14. ↑ a b Anonymus in: Karl Ludwig Methusalem Müller (Hrsg.): Newspaper for the elegant world . Verlag Leopold Voss, Berlin, Leipzig, 1831, vol. 31, edition 85, p. 680, facsimile in [3]
  15. ^ Adriaan W. Vliegenthart 1981: Picture collection of the princes of Salm , Zutphen, Verlag Walburg, 1981, p. 89
  16. ↑ Catalog for the auction of the Garlichs art collection, 67 p., 1831, Bremen, Verlag Johann Georg Heyse, in: AKH Bremen, cat. Br. 1811-1834
  17. ↑ Master of the paintings offered in 1832 a. a. Altdorfer, Backhuyzen, Breughel, Cranach, Corregio, van Dyk, Dürer, Franz Hals, Holbein, Jordaens, Menken, van Leyden, Lorrain, Poelenburg, Poussin, Raphael, Rembrandt, Rubens, Velasquez, Waterloo, de Wit
  18. ^ Rolf-Fredrik Matthaei: Purchasing power of old currencies . Archive link ( Memento from January 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
  19. ^ Felix Bierhaus: Value of a Reichstaler from 1800 or 1850 . [4]
  20. ↑ a b C. Wossidlo (Ed.) 1865: Memory of the venerable Hermann Garlichs, pastor of the German evangelical community in Brooklyn ... , 104 p., Verlag H. Ludwig, Buchdrucker, New-York [5]
  21. ↑ Martina Rudloff (Ed.) 1997: Bremen and the Netherlands. Yearbook 1995/96 . 280 pp., Verlag Hauschild, ISBN 3-93178526-2
  22. ^ Andreas Kreul, Kunsthalle Bremen (ed.) 1994: Kunsthalle Bremen: Directory of all paintings . 313 pp., Harrassowitz Verlag, ISBN 3-44703595-1
  23. ↑ Andreas Schulz 2002: Guardianship and Protection: Elites and Citizens in Bremen 1750-1880 , Stadt und Bürgerertum , Vol. 13, Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 790 pp. ISBN 3-4865-6582-6
  24. ↑ Heinrich Wilhelm Rotermund 1829: History of the St. Petri Cathedral in Bremen and the associated orphanage and the former cathedral school, .... , Verlag Wilhelm Kaiser, Bremen
  25. ↑ Bremen Story House : The Saint James Brotherhood . Archive link ( Memento of the original from January 18, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bremer-geschichtenhaus.de
  26. ↑ taz of July 30, 2007: The Bremen Story House . [6]
  27. ^ Bremer Kunstverein 1823: Minutes of December 13, 1823 , Archive KH Bremen, Association Minutes 1823-1849, File 24 a, p. 2
  28. ↑ a b Johann Caspar Bluntschli, Karl Ludwig Theodor Brater (Ed.) 1859: German State Dictionary , Vol. 4, Verlag Expedition des State Dictionary
  29. ↑ Ferdinand Donandt 1830: An attempt at a history of the Bremen city law: With an introduction to the development and further development of the Bremen constitution up to 1433 , vol. 1, Verlag JG Heyse
  30. ^ Rita Kellner-Stoll 1982: Bremerhaven: 1827-1888 . Publications of the Bremerhaven City Archives, Vol. 4, 450 pages, Bremerhaven City Archives, ISBN 3-923-85101-4
  31. ^ Klaus Blum 1975: Musikfreunde und Musici: Musical life in Bremen since the Enlightenment . 685 p., Verlag Schneider
  32. ^ General German biography: Friedrich Wilhelm Riem [7]
  33. ^ Local family book Bremen and Vegesack: Family report Gerhard Christian Garlich . [8th]
  34. ↑ Anna Adelheid Garlichs: Copy of the will of May 20, 1844 - Bremer Stadtarchiv, signature: 2-Qq.4.c.3.b.4.dd Archive link ( Memento of the original from May 31, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. quoted after The MAUS Society for Family Research eV Bremen @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.die-maus-bremen.de
  35. ↑ a b Berthold Litzmann (Ed.) 1907: Clara Schumann, an artist's life: years of marriage, 1840-1856. Breitkopf & Härtel publishing house
  36. ↑ a b c Georg Eismann, Gerd Nauhaus (Ed.) 1987: Diaries of Robert Schumann (full text) , Vol. 2, Deutscher Verlag f. Music, ISBN 3-3700-0066-0
  37. ^ Nancy B. Reich: Clara Schumann: The Artist and the Woman . Cornell University Press, 2013, ISBN 9780801468292 , p. 293
  38. ^ Eva Weissweiler: Clara Schumann . Hoffmann et al. Campe, 1990, ISBN 9783455083323 , p. 162 ff
  39. ↑ Beatrix Borchard: Clara Schumann: her life . Ullstein Biographie Volume 35367, Ullstein Taschenbuchverlag, 1994, ISBN 9783548353678 , p. 178 ff
  40. ^ Schubert portal: Journey with Marie Garlichs from Northern Germany to Copenhagen in 1842 >
  41. ^ John Daverio 1997: "" The Chamber Music Year: 1842 "in: Chapter 7 Robert Schumann. Herald of a new poetic age. Oxford University Press, 1997. ISBN 0-199-83931-X
personal data
SURNAME Garlichs, Gerhard Christian
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German art collector and patron
DATE OF BIRTH December 6, 1778
PLACE OF BIRTH Kniphausen
DATE OF DEATH December 7, 1830
Place of death Bremen