Narrow-leaved Merk
| Narrow-leaved Merk | ||||||||||||
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Narrow-leaved Merk ( Berula erecta ), illustration |
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| Berula erecta | ||||||||||||
| ( Huds. ) Coville |
The narrow-leaved Merk ( Berula erecta (Huds.) Cov. , Syn .: Sium erectum Huds. ), Also called Berle , is a species of the genus Berula within the umbelliferae family (Apiaceae). It is a widespread swamp plant .
description
Vegetative characteristics
The Schmalblättrige Merk is a slightly poisonous, all year round green, perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of about 30 to 80 centimeters. The narrow-leaved Merk has a stem that is round, with fine grooves . This marsh plant can occur in two very similar marsh or floating leaf forms , depending on its location. The floating forms rarely bloom and multiply through runners . The sections of the ever pinnate leaves are lanceolate on the upper part of the stem and have a serrated edge, those of the lower leaves are egg-shaped.
Generative characteristics
Along the stem opposite a foliage leaf, the double umbels , which are made up of ten to twenty bulbs, stand on short inflorescence shafts. Bracts and bracts are plentiful. The hermaphrodite flowers are white. The fruits, which are brownish when ripe, are 2 millimeters long and egg-shaped.
Phenology
The flowering period extends from July to August.
Chromosome number
The number of chromosomes of the species is 2n = 18, less often 12 or 20.
Differentiation from similar species
Similar species are the broad-leaved Merk ( Sium latifolium ) (this has an angular furrowed stem and does not form runners ) and the knot-flowered celery ( Helosciadium nodiflorum ).
ecology
The narrow-leaved Merk is limestone and salt-bearing. This hemicryptophyte and marsh plant ( helophyte ) only takes root at a water depth of 1.5 m. The mostly low plants protrude from the water and form extensive stands through runners . Sometimes they live submerged as a hydrophyte . The narrow-leaved Merk survives as a submerged, herbaceous stand or at least with the help of basal buds. In the former case it offers shelter for wintering amphibians and fish and as their spawning place .
The pollination is effected by insects ( Entomophilie ). The seeds are spread through the water ( hydrochory ).
Occurrence and endangerment
The narrow-leaved Merk is widespread in the temperate zones , it can be found in Eurasia , in the New World as well as in the montane altitudes of the African tropics . Its original range includes Europe, tropical and southern Africa, Egypt, Yemen, West and Central Asia, the Caucasus, India, Pakistan, Xinjiang, Canada, the United States, Baja California and Guatemala.
The narrow-leaved Merk primarily grows at the edges of water, but also in shallow streams, the edges of water and in ditches. It thrives in Central Europe especially in shallowly flooded, cool, oligotrophic to eutrophic, alkaline-rich water on sandy-humic mud soils up to about 150 centimeters water depth. In Central Europe it rises to altitudes of around 750 meters. It often occurs together with the flowering buttercup ( Ranunculus fluitans ), the hedgehog's cob ( Sparganium ) and the swath ( Glyceria ). In the shallow water form, it is a species of the Sparganio-Glycerion association; in the submerged fo. submersum it is a character species of the Ranunculo-Sietum erecti-submersi from the association Ranunculion fluitantis.
Due to its wide distribution, the IUCN classifies this species as "Least Concern" = "low risk".
Taxonomy
It was first published in 1762 under the Basionym Sium erectum by William Hudson . The new combination to Berula erecta (Huds.) Coville was published in 1893 by Frederick Vernon Coville .
supporting documents
- Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (= The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 , pp. 369 .
- Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 7th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1994, ISBN 3-8252-1828-7 , pp. 712 .
- Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait . 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Page 712. Stuttgart, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 2001. ISBN 3-8001-3131-5
- ↑ Berula in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved May 9, 2018.
- ↑ Berula erecta in the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species 2013.2. Listed by: G. de Belair, Richard V. Lansdown, 2012. Retrieved May 18, 2014.
- ^ William Hudson: Flora Anglica. Self-published, London 1762, p. 103 ( preview in Google book search).
- ^ Frederick Vernon Coville: Botany of the Death Valley Expedition. In: Contributions from the United States National Herbarium. Volume 4, 1893, p. 115 ( digitized version ).
Web links
- Narrow-leaved Merk. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
- Narrow-leaved Merk . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- Berula erecta (Huds.) Coville In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved January 6, 2016.
- Distribution in the Netherlands [1] (Dutch)
- Distribution in the northern hemisphere from: Eric Hultén, Magnus Fries: Atlas of North European vascular plants. 1986, ISBN 3-87429-263-0 at Den virtuella floran (swed.)
- Berle data sheet and pictures at Blumen in Swabia
