Broad-leaved Merk
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Broad-leaved Merk ( Sium latifolium ), illustration |
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The broad-leaved Merk or large Merk ( Sium latifolium ) is a species of the umbelliferae family (Apiaceae). This marsh plant is widespread in the temperate latitudes of Eurasia .
description
Appearance and foliage leaf
The broad-leaved Merk grows as a perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 70 to 150 centimeters. Fiber roots are formed. The plant parts are bare. The single standing and branched stem is furrowed.
The alternate arranged on the stem leaves are divided into leaf sheath, petiole and leaf blade. The leaf blades are pinnate unpaired and up to 40 cm long. There is heterophyllous (different foliage): underwater leaves and air leaves are formed. The leaf blades of the submerged leaves are two to three pinnate and the uppermost leaf section is linear. The leaf blades of the overwater leaves are pinnate with two to six pairs of pinnate leaves. These leaflets are 4 to 7 (up to 16) cm long and 0.8 to 2 cm wide, lanceolate to oblong and have a sharply serrated edge. The uppermost leaves are somewhat reduced and smaller with linear-lanceolate or linear pinnate leaves.
Inflorescence, flower and fruit
The flowering period extends from July to August. The end and side stands on relatively long inflorescence shafts double-gold inflorescences have a diameter of 6 to 12 cm. The two to six spread to back-bent bracts are linear-lanceolate and entire with a length of 3 to 5 mm. There are usually eight to ten, rarely up to thirty 1.5 to 2.5 cm long, uneven rays. There are some bracts, they are similar to bracts and are 5 to 6 mm long. The little bulbs contain 15 to 25 flowers each. The flower stalks have a length of 2 to 3 mm.
The hermaphroditic flowers are radial symmetry and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The five tiny calyx teeth are about 2 mm long. The five petals are white. The two styluses are bent back.
The double achane has a two-split carpophor . The approximately 3 mm long and 2 mm wide, ellipsoidal partial fruits have thin ribs and are thin-corky. The fruits ripen between September and October.
Chromosome number
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 20.
Auto ecology
The broad-leaved Merk is a hemicryptophyte and stem plant. It only takes root in the water to a depth of 0.6 meters. The underwater leaves are finely divided, which serves to enlarge the recording area, as they also serve as roots. The stem has a ventilation tissue and shows primary growth in thickness . Vegetative propagation occurs through root shoots.
Biologically, there are "nectar-bearing disc flowers". The pollination is carried by various insects , especially hover flies .
The 6 to 7% essential oil contained in the Doppelachänen , including plenty of limonene , which prevents decay through its antibacterial effect and thus made it possible for the fruit to spread by swimming.
ingredients
The Doppelachänen contain 6 to 7% essential oil , including plenty of lime . The poisonous polyines : falcarinol and falcarinon are present in the plant parts .
Toxicity
The polyines falcarinol and falcarinone make roots and fruits poisonous. The effects are vomiting and diarrhea in both humans and ungulates.
Occurrence
The broad-leaved Merk is widespread in the temperate latitudes of Eurasia . It comes in Germany , Austria , Switzerland , France , Spain , the British Isles , Belgium , the Netherlands , Poland , Italy , the Czech Republic , Hungary , Bulgaria , the former Yugoslavia , Albania , Denmark , Norway , Finland , the European part of Russia , Belarus , the Baltic States , western Siberia and western Kazakhstan .
The broad-leaved Merk thrives on nutrient-rich mud soils on the banks of inland waters . It occurs in the reed bed or slowly flowing water with strongly changing water level on humus mud soils in up to 60 centimeters water depth. In Central Europe it is a species of the order Phragmitetalia.
Taxonomy
The first publication of Sium latifolium was made in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum .
swell
- Pu Fading, Mark F. Watson: Sium. In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 14: Apiaceae through Ericaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2005, ISBN 1-930723-41-5 , pp. 116 (English). , PDF file , online.
- Siegmund Seybold : Flora of Germany and neighboring countries. A book for identifying vascular plants that grow wild and often cultivated . Founded by Otto Schmeil , Jost Fitschen . 93rd completely revised and expanded edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2006, ISBN 3-494-01413-2 , p. 560 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 712 .
- ↑ a b c d Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait . 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .
- ↑ Broad-leaved Merk ( Sium latifolium ) at giftpflanze.com .
- ^ Sium latifolium in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
- ↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum. Volume 1, Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae 1753, p. 251, digitized
- ^ Sium latifolium at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
Web links
- Broad-leaved Merk. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
- Broad-leaved Merk . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- Sium latifolium L. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved January 6, 2016.
- Distribution in the Netherlands [1] (Dutch)
- Distribution in the northern hemisphere according to Eric Hultén
- Data sheet and pictures at Blumen in Swabia
