God's grace (Johanngeorgenstadt)

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God's grace was an important tunnel in the Johanngeorgenstadt mountain area in the Saxon Ore Mountains . With this tunnel, the front and middle Fastenberg was opened up by mining. The furthest advanced adit is near the Archangel Gabriel day shaft . In the many areas that the St. Georg Stolln did not reach, by the grace of God Stolln was also the deepest tunnel for water removal . In the course of its operating history, several tunnel wings were driven up to the most profitable mines of Johanngeorgenstadt. In addition, these tunnel wings allowed an exploration or assessment of the mining prospects. The last drives under the name Gnade Gottes Stolln took place until 1945 under the direction of Sachsenz as the operations department of the United Field in Fastenberg . The subsequent drives through the bismuth object 01 in the grace of God tunnel level were only named with numbers.

Geographical location

The mouth of the tunnel is located in the Wittigsthal district on Wittigstalstrasse. The tunnel and mouth hole are still preserved today as technical monuments.

Grace of God studs

history

On the middle Fastenberg, on which Johanngeorgenstadt stretches, several pits were operated from the 17th to the 20th century to mine directly adjacent ore veins . This also included the Trinity in 1663, nine years after the city was founded, muted and at 675  m above sea level. NN posted grace of God studs . The tunnel itself was driven into the area of ​​the corridors by Georg Wagsfort on a deaf corridor. In 1698 one was hit by the Hohneujahr mine field . Half of the tunnel ninth was obtained here until 1709 . One had to agree with the trades of New Year's measurements in a comparison to the half-ninth. Until 1709 3212 dollars were from the Ninth yield paid. This corresponds to about 62.5 kg of silver. Between 1715 and 1721 31 kg of silver were extracted from the tunnel cut . From 1795, a blind shaft located in the common mine field with Neujahrs Maaßen was knocked through on the one hand to the surface of the day and on the other hand, to the grace of God, the tunnel was demonized. This work, which is very important for further mining operations, was completed in 1802. This saved the one kilometer long conveyor route to the mouth of the grace of God Stolln . The tunnel section up to the mouth hole was then neglected. In 1821 the Grubenfeld Gnade Gottes Stolln was combined with New Year's measures . The tunnel was of major importance for the drainage and mining of the entire Fastenberg, including the Gotthelf Schaller , Brothers Lorenz , Neu Leipziger Glück , Hoh Neujahr and Archangel Gabriel mines in the western field . Therefore, it was taken over by the state as the royal gallery in 1829. In this way, areas of the tunnel at risk of breakage could be re-excavated, the necessary work could be started and the tunnel safely maintained. Its length at the time was about 4.8 km.

In 1836, in the course of a subsequent civil engineering project under the name of Vereinigt Feld im Fastenberge, work in the tunnel was intensified and work began on clearing the tunnel wing towards the Hohneujahr and Archangel Gabriel pits . In the next few years, extensive walling was carried out in the tunnel and the tunnel was further advanced. The field of Archangel Gabriel was achieved. 1846

In order to use the Schaarschacht as the second main shaft of the mine field of the Vereinigt Feld im Fastenberge, founded on March 11, 1838 , the shaft was expanded to the grace of God Stolln and received a new water cap with a drifthouse . In order to supply the Wassergöpel with impact water, a new, 2506 m long artificial ditch was built from the mouth of the Henneberger Erbstolln to the Römisch-Adler-Kunstgraben . The conveyor system went into operation in 1842. In 1845 the excavation of the Schaarschacht had reached the 26- Lachter- sole, which is below the Mercy-of-God-Stollnsohle at 640 m above sea level , and the further depth of the shaft began. In 1848 the 62-Lachter-sole at 561 m asl was struck. The breakthrough of the 78-Lachter bottom, which was driven by the Frisch Glück art and drift shaft at the same height, took place in 1852. In the same year, the water column machine in the Schaar shaft , which had been under construction since 1849, went into operation. After the breakthrough, further depths of the shaft began. In 1854, at 532 m above sea level, the 95-Lachter level, which was later attached, was reached. The depth was set in 1857 at 514.8 m above sea level without another floor stop. The shaft has a total depth of 311 m.

When the civil engineering project was discontinued in 1867, work in the Schaarschacht was also discontinued.

The mining operations were limited to building above the tunnel, especially during the full moon late and the mornings . On July 22nd, 1895, the reconstructed Wassergöpel in the Schaarschacht was put back into operation. In this context, the re-opening of the bismuth ore-bearing mornings began in the morning at the level of the 26-Lachter level. In 1904, a sponge jug turbine was installed as a hoisting machine at the Schaarschacht on the 691 m level of the Mercy of God Stolln , which replaced the old sweeper wheel. With the further swamps of the mine workings could be started in 1906 on the 40-Lachter-sole at 550 m asl. In the washing of God's grace , after the successful attempts to leach poor bismuth ores with hydrochloric acid since 1901, 4 large leaching vessels with mechanical agitators were installed.

Since the Schaarschacht conveying system was only set up as far as the bottom of God's grace tunnel , an electric blind shaft hoisting machine was installed in a blind shaft between the God's grace tunnel sole and the 26-Lachter base in 1909. The electricity was generated with a Pelton turbine standing on God's grace tunnel , which received its impact water from the Kehrradstube, which was converted into a water reservoir. The overcoming of the grace of God Stolln , which began in 1912, was continued in 1913. The tunnel was equipped with iron rails to facilitate the extraction.

Furthermore, a wing of the tunnel leading into the former field of hope was opened up in order to develop the suspected bismuth ores there. The work was discontinued in 1918 without result. In the same year the Schaarschacht from the 40-Lachter-Sole to the 62-Lachter-Sole was cleared and set up for extraction. On the 62-Lachter-Sole, a cross passage was made in 1919 to open up the Hohneujahr morning corridor. For lack of money, the tunneling work was only started in 1923 and stopped again in the same year. In 1925, work was resumed and the corridor was reached at the end of the year after a total excavation of 97.6 m. Work was also resumed in 1926 in the former field of the Hope Trades and, among other things, a 74 m high overburden was driven from the Grace of God gallery to the Eleonora gallery . The bismuth price, which had fallen by 40% in 1927, led to the suspension of all tunneling and alignment work . The mine was modernized to save costs. In 1927, in the grace of God's adit , mining began with a 2 hp battery locomotive over a length of 3.5 km . For this purpose, stronger tracks had to be installed along the entire length. The Schaarschacht was reconstructed in 1929 and a ski lift was installed to lift the deaf masses. Due to the drastic drop in bismuth prices, compared to 14% in 1925, all work was stopped in 1930. With financial support from the state of Saxony, the investigation work was resumed in autumn 1933. Since the Tiefbaue were still flooded after a storm of 6 July 1931, the works were limited to the grace of God Stoll sole and overlying Build .

As part of the self-sufficiency efforts of the German Reich, subsidies were paid for bismuter ore. With the help of these financial resources, the mine operation was accelerated. In 1935 the deep levels were swamped, the Schaarschacht expanded to the 62-Lachter level and a new shaft building was erected. In 1936 the 300 m level was struck in the Schaarschacht at 531.80 m above sea level. Its depth is identical to that of the 95 Lachter level in the Frisch Glück shaft . The aim here was the deep investigation of several veins. In the same year the new electric hoisting machine was put into operation. In 1937 an ore bunker was built on Eibenstocker Strasse. From here the ores extracted in the Schaarschacht were transported to Schneeberg for processing . As a result, the production in the grace of God tunnel was stopped up to the mouth hole.

Until the end of the Second World War , the Schaarschacht was the main production shaft of the district. Due to the self-sufficient energy supply, the mine building could also be kept water-free in 1945. In autumn 1945 the mine was visited for the first time by Soviet geologists . After the shaft system was taken over by the Soviet occupying forces on July 15, 1946, the shaft became shaft 18 of the later Wismut AG and one of the production shafts of property 01 . The shaft had a clear cross-section of only 7.5 m 2 , and the shaft tube was several tons and broken twice (the inclination changed twice). Rope ride for the team was not possible. The shaft was therefore unsuitable for a modern mining operation in the long run. In 1948, a new, high-performance production shaft (shaft 53) was sunk 400 m west of the shaft and went into operation in 1949. The Schaarschacht was only used for ore mining. For this purpose, another ore bunker was built next to the old ore bunker on Eibenstocker Strasse. From here the ore was transported to the processing plant by truck. Both shafts together formed the shaft management 18/53. After the ore reserves had been exhausted, the shaft administration 18/53 was dissolved on April 1, 1957. In 1958, the area of ​​shaft 53 was used as a backdrop for the film Sun Seeker .

The surface systems of the two shafts were handed over to the GDR authorities by the SDAG Wismut in May 1959 and then demolished. In 1960 the Schaarschacht drifthouse built in 1935 on the site of the dilapidated previous building was demolished. The shaft tubes were secured with concrete seals. In 2003/2004 the dump of the Schaarschacht was removed and the shaft was given a new concrete seal. During this work, the old shaft head and the rod shafts of the sweeping wheel were exposed. Professionally bricked up, they can be viewed today.

Up to the year 1800 3154 kg of silver were extracted from this treasure trove.

God's grace treasure trove

history

The grace of God's treasure trove and the next two upper dimensions were muted and confirmed simultaneously with the tunnel in 1663. You are in the area of ​​the front tunnel course. In the following years the other upper dimensions were also conjectured and confirmed. At the moment too little is known about the further existence or the operational history of this treasure trove.

swell

  • Pit cracks in the Freiberg mountain archive
  • Calendar for the Saxon mountain and hut man 1827 to 1851 Royal Bergakademie Freiberg
  • Yearbook for the mountain and hut man 1852 to 1872 Royal Bergakademie zu Freiberg
  • Yearbook for mining and metallurgy in the Kingdom of Saxony from 1873 to 1917
  • Yearbook for mining and metallurgy in Saxony 1918 to 1934
  • Johann Christian Engelschall: Description of the exiles and mountain town Johann Georgen city . Friedrich Lanckischen's heirs and Christoph Kircheisen, Leipzig 1723.
  • Otfried Wagenbreth et al .: Mining in the Ore Mountains . Technical monuments and history. Ed .: Otfried Wagenbreth, Eberhard Wächtler . 1st edition. German publishing house for basic industry, Leipzig 1990, ISBN 3-342-00509-2 , p. 292-299 .
  • Frank Teller : Mining and mining town Johanngeorgenstadt . Förderverein Pferdegöpel Johanngeorgenstadt eV, Johanngeorgenstadt 2001.
  • Frank Teller: change, change, change . Förderverein Pferdegöpel Johanngeorgenstadt eV, Johanngeorgenstadt 2009.

Coordinates: 50 ° 25 ′ 58.7 ″  N , 12 ° 43 ′ 47.3 ″  E