United field in the Fastenberge

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Under the name United field in Fast mountains were in 1838 in Johanngeorgenstadt six of the most promising mined repositories and another their position due to a mining law union united. Based on evaluations of the earlier extraction, the economic and structural conditions of the local treasure troves and their prospects for mining, the respective selection was made by several expert reports by senior mining officials. This resulted in the merger approved by the mining authorities at the beginning of the Reminiscere quarter on March 11, 1838, and existed until after the end of the Second World War .

The complete history of mining operations in front of and by Vereinigt Feld in Fastenberge has so far only been published incompletely and requires further research.

History of previous mining

Iron and tin mining on the Fastenberg dates back to the middle of the 16th century. After Johanngeorgenstadt was founded in 1654, numerous ore veins with silver , cobalt and bismuth ores were discovered here from 1662 , which established intensive mining. In the same year the town received a mining authority and by 1682 a tin smelter (1663), a blue paint works (1665), a vitriol and sulfur hut (1677) and a silver smelter (1682) were built in Unterjugel to smelt the ores . The silver yield reached its peak in 1716 with 2.29 tons.

In the fresh luck treasure trove , which was found in the Crucis quarter of 1682 , a piece of art was built in 1696 . The first horse peg was installed on the Hohneujahr and Unverhofft-Glück treasure trove in 1721 . By the end of the 18th century, the Johanngeorgenstadt mines had a silver production of at least 90 tons. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe toured the mines in 1785. At that time, 550 miners were employed in 52 mines .

The ore output declined as early as the first half of the 18th century. While an average of 1,459 kilograms of fine silver and 4,600 kilograms of cobalt ores and 50 kilograms of bismuth were harvested from 1713 to 1727, production fell in the following decades and in the period from 1823 to 1837 was only an average of 118 kilograms of fine silver per year. The mining of cobalt ores ended in 1830 with the mining of 257 kilograms of ore. The mining of bismuth increased more and more and during this period amounted to 245 kilograms per year.

The Johanngeorgenstadt mining industry was in a crisis in the second half of the 18th century. As a result of sharply declining silver finds and thus financially weak unions , only unprofitable mining was possible on Fastenberg. Time-consuming gang disputes and expensive water retention prevented the individual unions from further rapid mining exploration in the depths. Far-sighted mining officials from the Freiberg Mining Authority and the Johanngeorgenstadt Mining Authority recognized the constant decline and worked out solutions for a renewed upswing in mining there.

First civil engineering project

New ore breaks were hoped for at greater depths. To unlock this, the General Mining Commissioner and Secret Councilor Friedrich Anton von Heynitz developed a civil engineering project in 1774 , the starting point of which was the Frisch Glück art and driving shaft . Mining captain Carl Wilhelm Benno von Heynitz presented this civil engineering project in a mining inspection protocol from 1784 . The plan was to open up the Fastenberg in a deep main bed. For this purpose, Frisch-Glück , God-Blessed Immanuel , New Year's Day with Georg Wagsfort , New Year's Mass , Roman Eagle and God's Grace and New Year's Mass, from the 95- Lachter level, formed a common pit field. As part of a main comparison in 1786, the aforementioned pits united in and from this depth to the west. The shaft was added to a Gesamtteufe of 305 m placed at 397 m above sea level and the sole 95 Lachter (527 m NN) further ascended. The levels 120 Lachter (481 m above sea level) and 140 Lachter (448 m above sea level) were rebuilt by this civil engineering company. In the course of the Frisch Glück Spatgang directly to the east of this pit field , separate treasure troves were working, here, among other things, the 126-Lachter route was excavated. However, expectations of rich and persistent ore deposits in these depths were not fulfilled. The shaft depth was set at 410 m above sea level and in 1798 the Frisch Glück artificial and driving shaft below the 120-Lachter floor was abandoned. The further work took place in the New Year Spat area. From 1804 this first civil engineering project was called Orkus (also Orcus ). After the hopelessness of the entire company became clear, the floors below the St. Georg (en) tunnel , the deepest water- dissolving tunnel in the mine field, were also given up in 1812 . This ended the first civil engineering company.

Second civil engineering project

At the instigation of the chief miner von Herder , this civil engineering project has been revived since at least 1834. Since the development of new deep mine workings or the handling of closed and flooded underground workings was so capital-intensive that it could not be financed by the individual pits, Herder's instigation led to the fact that the Frischglück pits, some of which were already combined, including the New Year and George-Wagsfort-Erbstolln, were closed , God's grace treasure trove including New Year's treasure trove and Roman eagle joint field , God's blessing Erbstolln including St. Georg treasure trove , Hohneujahr including unexpectedly lucky treasure trove , New Leipzig lucky treasure trove , Gotthelf Schaller including silver chamber and Herrmann -Found mine in the quarter of Reminiscere 1838 to the company United Field in Fastenberge . The union Vereinigt Feld im Fastenberge formed the most important mining company in Johanngeorgenstadt until July 1946.

During the planning phase, the first decision was made to use the old Frischglücker shaft, which was easier to put into operation, in order to convert it back into an art and drift shaft. The Gnade Gottesser Treibeschacht (Schaarschacht) should only be brought to the main production shaft for the exploration work in the former mining fields of Hohneujahr and Unexpected Glück , Neujahrs Maaßen and Neu Leipziger Glück after a successful and secured supply with the appropriate amount of impact water .

In order to drain the water in the Frisch Glück art and drift shaft , the royal St. Georg (en) tunnel was driven up to this and brought through . The Königliche Gnade-Gottes-Stollen was also driven further as a deep tunnel in the Schaarschacht area. This work began as early as 1838. By 1846, a 646 m long impact water ditch was led from the Breitenbach and a newly excavated 160 m long Rösche to the Frisch Glück art and driving shaft . The shaft received 2 artificial wheels and a sweeper wheel . Iron rails were laid in the saddle for transport.

In order to supply the Schaarschacht with impact water, a new, 2506 m long artificial ditch was built from the mouth of the Henneberger Erbstolln to the Römisch-Adler-Kunstgraben and the Erzengler Rösche was re-excavated. The Schaarschacht itself was expanded to the Gnade-Gottes-Stolln and received a new water cap and a new driving house. The conveyor system went into operation in 1842. In 1845 the shaft deepest was reached on the 26-Lachter route and began with the further depth.

In 1848 the opening of the Frisch Glücker Kunst- und Treibeschacht reached the 78-Lachter route (557 m above sea level). At this level, a connection to the Schaarschacht was excavated, on which the breakthrough occurred in 1852.

In the Schaarschacht , which had reached this depth in 1848, the water column machine , which had been under construction since 1849, went into operation. After the breakthrough, further sinking of the Schaarschacht began . In 1854 the depth of the 95-Lachter route was reached here at 532 m above sea level, and in 1857 the further depth was set at 514.8 m above sea level without a floor stop.

In the Frisch Glücker Kunst- und Treibeschacht you reached the 120-Lachter route with the overhaul in 1853. In 1859 a second artifact was put into operation and the work-up continued. In 1862 the deepest shaft was reached and the next depth of the shaft began to be offset 4 m laterally. In 1863, the 160-Lachter route was posted at 392 m above sea level. In 1860, after driving 394 m on the 78-Lachter route, the breakthrough into the underground works on the Gottes Segen Spat was reached . In 1862 work began on the unification tunnel to the front New Year art shaft . In 1867, the sinking work of the Frisch Glück art and driving shaft reached the lying granite at 366 m above sea level. Up until 1868, 2 puddles were sunk in the granite. The shaft had thus reached a total depth of 340 m. The Frisch-Glück-Spat , which was between 14 and 23 cm thick, was completely numb. This established the unworthiness of the deeper areas of the Frisch Glück Spat and the sinking work was stopped. The area was still kept water-free via the Frisch Glück artificial and driving shaft up to the 60-Lachter-sole.

The further work concentrated on the upper levels, further on the former mining field Neu Leipziger Glück and the overcoming of the mining fields Maria Magdalena , Glück mit Freuden and Rosenhof, located on the Bohemian side in Breitenbach and acquired in 1857 . The mining around here on the opposite center of the Frisch-Glück-Spate was stopped in 1826. The clearing of the Einigkeiter-Stolln , which drained the mine fields , reached the Rosenhofer Feld in 1869 .

One of the few exploration work at Frisch Glück in the following years was, among other things, the driving of the 60-Lachter level in the direction of the Bohemian mine field. In the vicinity of the Schaarschacht , the mining of bismuth ore became more and more important. Nevertheless, short-term price fluctuations in traded bismuth ores and the associated reduction in mining caused the workforce to be laid off in sections.

In January 1904, radium was found in tin and bismuth ore mined by the union “United Field in Fastenberg” .

In 1911 the field of the Trades Hope Treasure Trove was added and in 1922 the fields of the Wildermann treasure trove on Eibenstocker Strasse and Treue Freude in the Külliggut area. In spite of this, due to financial difficulties, it was only possible to carry out mining work until 1929, following the successful approval of a state operating cost advance of 120,000 Reichsmarks, contractually regulated tunneling and mining work could be carried out by Vereinigt Feld. From then on, the mountain parade for the city foundation festival on February 23rd was held regularly again. On January 11, 1930, following an amendment to the statutes after the death of the previous company director Rudolf Poller, the company was renamed the Consolidated Union of United Field in Fastenberge .

With the help of new state subsidies, a new investigation program and targeted exploration of the mine began in 1933. After the German metal market was decoupled from the world market on September 1, 1934, the mines were granted price hedging for their ores. The price difference between the domestic and the world market price was paid in the form of subsidies. As a result, production was resumed on October 1, 1935. In 1937 the pit field of the Ascension Treasure Trove was taken over. Again for financial reasons, the Johanngeorgenstadt-based consolidated union Vereinigt Feld in Fastenberge leased the entire mine building to the Schneeberger Bergbau union in Schneeberg-Neustädtel on April 1, 1939 . With the company resolution of September 22, 1944, the consolidated trade union Vereinigt Feld im Fastenberge was merged with five other state-owned ore mining companies to form Sachsenz Bergwerks AG , with retroactive effect from April 1, 1944 .

Since Johanngeorgenstadt belonged to the unoccupied area from the end of the war until June 25, 1945, the connection to the Oberbergamt in Freiberg was also interrupted. From November 1945, the investigative work of the Soviet exploration commissions began in the mine field. The exploration work took place parallel to the mining activities of the Sachsenz Bergwerks AG. At times, the Sachsenz also took on the exploration tasks as a contractor. On August 1, 1946, the mines of the Sachsz were administratively subordinated to Industrieverwaltung 6 (ore mining) founded on this date. On July 15, 1946, the facilities in the Johanngeorgenstadt Revier were confiscated by Soviet military units and declared a restricted military zone. On May 30, 1947, the facilities of the mine building, now designated as Object 01 , were transferred to Soviet ownership on the basis of Order No. 131 of the SMA Saxony.

Involved pits

The following pits merged in 1838:

literature

  • Frank Teller : “United Field in Fastenberg” in Johanngeorgenstadt . In: Ore Mountains. 1989 yearbook . Karl-Marx-Stadt 1989, p. 32-36 .
  • Frank Teller: Mining and mining town Johanngeorgenstadt . Ed .: Förderverein Pferdegöpel Johanngeorgenstadt eV Johanngeorgenstadt 2001.
  • Mining statistics news, the most important new systems, designs, operational plans, cracks and the like in 1837. In the mining districts Johanngeorgenstadt, Schwarzenberg and Eibenstock . In: Calendar for the Saxon mountain and hut man to the year 1839 . 1839, XXIII, p. 158 ff . ( online [PDF; accessed January 1, 2013]).