Gorkovskaya zheleznaya doroga

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Administration building of the Gorkier Railway in Nizhny Novgorod

The Gorkier rail ( Russian Горьковская железная дорога / Gorky Railway ; also Gorki Railroad ) is a railway operationally independent branch of the Russian Railways (RZD), emerged from the same Regional Directorate of RŽD and the former Soviet railways (szd) or of the traffic routes Ministry ( MPS) .

Operational data and organization

The Gorkier Railway, based in Nizhny Novgorod operates railway lines the track gauge of 1520 mm ( broad gauge ) with an operating length of 5296 kilometers from the eastern Central Russia over the central Volga region into the Middle Urals ( oblasts Vladimir , Nizhny Novgorod and Kirov , republics of Mari El , Chuvashia , Udmurtia and Tatarstan as well as shorter sections in the Perm region , Sverdlovsk Oblast and other adjacent areas).

In the west, the Gorkier Railway lines border on that of the Moscow Railway , in the north on that of the Northern Railway , in the east on that of the Sverdlovsk Railway and in the south on that of the Kuibyshev Railway .

In 2007, 46.5 million tons of goods, 7.9 million passengers in long-distance and 73.4 million in suburban traffic were carried (in comparison in 1969: 15 and 100 million passengers, respectively). In the same year, the railway had 62,267 employees. The head of the branch is Sergei Kozyrev.

The Gorkier Railway is divided into five subdivisions ( otdelenija ): Murom , Gorky (based in Nizhny Novgorod), Kirov , Kazan and Izhevsk .

history

Former imperial pavilion at Moscow's Nizhny Novgorod train station

The Gorkier Railway was created in 1936 from parts of the Moscow-Kursk and Northern Railways , when their routes were divided differently through the establishment of new railway departments. In 1961 the lines of the Kazan Railway were added, which in 1936 had also succeeded the Moscow-Kazan Railway , which was private until 1918 (1862-1891 Moscow-Ryazan Railway ).

After the renaming of the city of Nizhny Novgorod in 1990, which has been called Gorky since 1932, all railway facilities retained the previous name, such as the main station of the city, which is still officially called Gorky-Moscow Station , and the railway management.

The oldest line of today's Gorkier Railway is the connection between Moscow and Nizhny Novgorod (Moscow-Nizhny-Novgorod Railway) , which was put into operation in 1862 (up to Petushki as early as 1861) , from 1893 to the Moscow-Kursker, Nizhny Novgorod and Muromer Railway and in 1925 in Renamed Moscow-Kursk Railway .

The electrification of the Gorkier Railway began in 1958 with the short section (25 km) of the Trans-Siberian Railway (Transsib) from the Sverdlovsk Railway to Balesino in 1958 with 3000  V direct current . Between 1960 and 1964, the entire remaining section of the Trans-Siberian in the area of ​​the Gorkier Railway (375 km) and the subsequent Vladimir – Gorki – Kotelnitsch (618 km) line were electrified with 25 kV 50  Hz alternating current .

1971/72 the suburban area of Kazan (was sviyazhsk -Kasan- Arsk , including urban and passing north route Kazan, along 134 km) turn electrified with direct current. When the entire Moscow – Kazan – Sverdlovsk line in the area of ​​the Gorkier Railway (1368 km) was electrified again with alternating current between 1980 and 1987, the direct current section around Kazan was also converted in 1985.

stretch

The main routes of the Gorkier Railway are:

  • Trans-Siberian Railway (section from Swetscha , route kilometer 817 (exclusive) to Pibanschur east of Balesino, km 1192 (inclusive); two-track; electrified with alternating current 25 kV 50 Hz to Balesino, km 1217; further direct current 3000 V, this short section to the head office becomes served by locomotives of the neighboring Sverdlovsk Railway)
  • Railway line Moscow – Kotelnitsch (from Petushki , route kilometer 126 (inclusive); double track; electrified to Vladimir, km 191 with direct current 3000 V, further with alternating current 25 kV 50 Hz; the short direct current section Petushki – Vladimir is served by locomotives of the neighboring Moscow railway; Almost all passenger trains of the Trans-Siberian Railway have been running on this route since 2000 until they meet their main route in Kotelnitsch)
  • Railway line Moscow – Kazan – Yekaterinburg (from Tscherusti , route km 156 (exclusive) to Druzhinino , km 1574 (exclusive); double-track; electrified to Wekowka , km 206 with direct current 3000 V, further with alternating current 25 kV 50 Hz; the short direct current section Cherusti– Wekowka is served by locomotives from the neighboring Moscow Railway)
  • Kirow – Kotlas railway line (to Sussolowka , line kilometers 325 (inclusive); single-track; not electrified; this line ensures the connection of the Pechora railway to the network of the Volga region)

The Gorkier Railway also operates the 30-kilometer-long narrow-gauge railway (gauge 750 mm) Tumskaja- Golovanowa Datscha, the only remaining narrow-gauge line of the Russian State Railways and the last remnant of the once extensive narrow-gauge network between Vladimir and Ryazan , which was not shut down or switched to broad gauge. In April 2008, however, operations were stopped for repairs; Whether it will reopen is questionable.

literature

  • G. Afonina: Kratkie svedenija o razvitii otečestvennych železnych dorog s 1838 po 1990 g. MPS, Moscow 1995 ( Brief information on the development of the national railways from 1838 to 1990 ; Russian).
  • Istorija železnodorožnogo transporta Rossii. Tom 1 (1836-1917 gg.) . PGUPS, Saint Petersburg 1994, ISBN 5-85952-005-0 ( History of Russian Railways. Volume 1 (1836–1917) ; Russian).
  • Istorija železnodorožnogo transporta Rossii I Sovetskogo Sojuza. Tom 2 (1917-1945 gg.) . PGUPS, Saint Petersburg 1997, ISBN 5-85952-005-0 ( History of rail traffic in Russia and the Soviet Union. Volume 2 (1917–1945) ; Russian).
  • Železnodorožnyj transport. Ėncyklopedija . Bolʹšaja Rossijskaja Ėncyklopedija, Moscow 1995, ISBN 5-85270-115-7 ( Railway Transport : Encyclopedia ; Russian).

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